연구논문 : 아마로 사용실태 및 향 선호도

김장순 ( Jang Soon Kim ),이종렬 ( Jong Ryol Lee ),박천만 ( Chun Man Park ) 한국미용학회 2006 한국미용학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for establishing a theory on aroma therapy by understanding Korean use and preference of aroma. The subjects of the study were 130 skin care specialists who worked for skin care salons and 410 general people in Daegu. The study was carried out through a questionnaire and inhalation test. The data were collected from September 1, 2003 to October 1, 2003. The result were as follows : 1. The rate of people who had experienced aroma less than 3 times was 40.5%. The rate of people who had not experienced aroma was 26.1%, who had experienced aroma massage was 33%, and who had inhaled aroma was 47.5%. The people who were older, wealthy, female, married, graduated from college were more experienced aroma(p<0.0l) and housewives in the thirties had more opportunities of experiencing aroma than other subjects. 2. General people preferred aroma Orange(66.3%) the most among 8 essential oils used in the test. The second preference was blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(26.1%). The third preference was the Lavender(25.8%). The order of preference in skin care specialists was Orange(83.3%), Lavender (48.8%), blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(42.9%), and blended oil with Lavender, Sandalwood, Ylangylang and Mandarin(26.2%). Both general people and skin care specialists disliked Teatree the most. 3. Lavender was more preferred by women than men (p<0.05) and Teatree was more preferred by men than women(p<0.0l). In particular, people in thirties liked Lavender the most(p<0.01). Teatree(p<0.001) and Sandalwood (p<0.05) were more preferred by married people than unmarried people. 4. The more educated people were, the more they liked the blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium, and Lemon(p<0.01). Housewives preferred Lavender(p<0.001) and Frankincense(p<0.05) and workers preferred Teatree(p<0. 001) and Sandalwood(p<0.05). As people were not healthy, they tended to prefer Teatree(p<0. 01) As people experienced essential oil, aroma massage and aroma inhalation more, they preferred Lavender and Frankincense. 5. Women`s average score was higher than men`s(women : 4.58, men: 4.18, total score: 6.0). Younger people more preferred aroma than older people(p<0.05). 6. 51.3% of specialists answered they used aroma for skin care less than one time a day, 35.7% of them used 2 or 3 times a day. 29.6% of specialists answered that the biggest difficulty in their work was the lack of knowledge of aroma. The next one was relationship with co-workers and pay(20.4%) and overwork was 13.9% 7. 37.3% of specialists had got massages 10~20 times from a skin care specialist and 31.7% of them had got massages less than 10 times. About experiencing aroma in everyday life, 42.9% of them experienced aroma 10~20 times and 28.6% of then experienced less then 10 times. 8. Generally, the more experienced people liked Lavender, Teatree, Sandalwood and Frankincense(p<0.05). 9. As a result of the survey on the specialists` preference, preferred oils were Lavender(22.4%), Rosemary (13.4%), Rose(10.1%), Jasmine(9.2%) and Orange(8.4%). Unpleasant oils were Teatree(16.0%), Yiangyiang(13.6%), Peppermint(9.9%) and Patchouli(8.6%). The specialists used Lavender the most (67.6%) in aroma therapy and used Rosemary(6.5%), Teatree(5.6%) and Peppermint(4.6%). In conclusion, the subjects` experience and knowledge of aroma were not high, and there was difference in preferences of aroma by their ages, gender, education, occupations, and experiences. However, both general people and the specialists had a difficulty in aroma use due to the lack of knowledge of aroma. So, if we apply aroma therapy to patients in consideration of their preferences, the best result will be expected. A systemic aroma education program for specialists is needed as soon as possible.

錦江水質에 關한 調査硏究

朴鍾聲,吳萬鎭 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1979 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.6 No.1

Water of river gets great concern about its quality, which might be polluted with pollutant from various industrial plants booming along the river sides in recent years. As a first step to prevent any applicable damage due to water pollution, survey on the water quality of Keum river at Sintanjin, Maepo, Taepyongri, Kongu, Puyeo and Kanggeng, six regions was conducted during september, 1977 through august, 1978 and the results were summarized as follows: 1. There were no significant regional and monthly difference in pH, NO_2-N, and NO_3-N of water. 2. The BOD at Puyeo, Kanggeng was 3.9 to 5.6, 5.6 to 6.0 ppm, respectively, and those values reached the limiting level for tap water sources. 3. The BOD at Maepo, where Daejeon streams meet, was found 1.9, 3.0, and 2.1 times higher than those at Sintanjin region, during september, october and november, respectvely. 4. Content of DO was 7.6±3.8 ppm in all surveyed regions and varied with water temperature and regional difference. 5. There were found regional difference and monthly difference in water hardness, suspended solid and NH_3-N.

자궁경부에 발생한 배아성 횡문근육종 2예

박정열,조준식,김대연,이동헌,김종혁,김용만,김영탁,목정은,남주현 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2002 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.13 No.3

횡문근육종은 소아와 청소년기에 가장 흔한 연부조직 육종이다. 발생 부위는 일반적으로 두부 및 경부, 그 다음으로 비뇨생식계이다 조직학적으로 배아성 횡문근육종, 국화상 육종, 폐포성 횡문근육종, 다형성 횡문근육종으로 나누어진다. 횡문근육종의 약 20%가 비뇨생식기에서 발생하고, 50% 이상이 배아성 횡문근육종이다. 여성 생식기의 배아성 횡문근육종은 드문 악성 종양으로,주로 유소아의 질에서 발생하며, 자궁경부에서 발생하는 횡문근육종은 청소년기에 흔하고, 질에서 기원하는 횡문근육종이 자궁경부에 기원하는 경우보다 5배 정도 많다. 폐경기여성에서는 자궁체부에서 가장 흔히 발생한다. 비뇨생식기의 횡문근육종의 치료는 과거에는 골반장기 적출술만으로 치료를 시도하였으나. 서서히 다중 항암화학요법, 방사선요법, 근치적 절제술을 포함한 병합요법으로 바뀌어가고 있으며, 이에 따라 생존율이 현저하게 향상되었다. 이에 저자들은 최근 본원 산부인과에서 자궁경부에 발생한 배아성 횡문근육종 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 아울러 보고하는 바이다. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and young adult. Genitourinary tract is the econd most common site of rhabdomyosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma can be classified into one of four major types; embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and undifferentiated. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract is rare malignant tumor and usually occurs during childhood in the vagina. In rare cases, rhabdomyosarcoma can originate in the uterine cervix, with a peak incidence in the second decade. Recently we have experienced two cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix. These cases are presented with a brief review of the literature.

밝은社會를 指向하는 指導者 Leadership에 關한 硏究 : 새마을 指導者를 중심으로 With Reference to the Saemaeul Leadership

朴淳永,申大淳,趙萬濟,金旭卿,金種垠 慶熙大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The Saemaeul Undong was launched in 1972 on the basis of the experimental model or Saemaeul pilot projects of the previous year. The Saemaeul Undong is now a nation-wide movement which is based on the fundamental spirits of diligence, self-help and cooperation. Much of the success of the Saemaeul Undong depends on its leaders, who play a pivot role in implementing Saemaeul projects for their community. Popularly elected by the village assembly according to their leadership and faith, the leaders render their services without remuneration, working in the spirit of self-sacrifice. Now, the Saemacul Undong enters upon its tenth year in 1981. If the movement is to continue with renewed momentum, effective training projects for Saemaeul leaders must be worked out. For this purpose, it is then recommended that the research works on the leadership training projects of the Bright Society Movement be referred to. Initially started as a community movement for better life on the campus of Kyung Hee University in 1960's, the Bright Society Movement is now gaining widespread support from national as well as international club members. The goals of the Bright Society Movement are to promote mutual understanding and friendship among members and to construct on earth a truly sound and civilized welfare society that is spiritually beautiful, materially affluent, and humanely rewarding. The main objectives of this study is to propose effective training projects for Saemeaul leaders as well as the Bright Society leaders. 1) Educational courses of leadership training should be offered through the school as well as through the training institution of the community. 2) Educational contents of leadership training should place greater emphasis not only on the spiritual education but also on the technical and practical education related to the welfare of the Community. 3) Public relations education should be strengthened because leaders must work in close cooperation with the community residents for the effective movement. 4) Long-term integrated projects for the community or village unit should be established and the movement should be developed according to them. 5) A special system of regional itinerant education should be established for the effective management of selective leaders. 6) For the welfare of leaders themselves, special favors such as the authorization of leadership careers, scholarships for their sons and daughters, discounts on public charges and the priority on public employment must be offer according to their respective performance.

편측 협응훈련에 의한 운동신경망의 재조직 및 교차훈련의 효과

박지원,김종만,서정환,김연희 한국전문물리치료학회 2002 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.9 No.3

We report the reorganization of motor network resulted from intensive unilateral coordination training and the effect of cross education on the untrained side in patient with traumatic brain injury using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A 22 year-old male patient who had suffered from diffuse axonal injury for 58 months showed coordination deficit in the left hand at initial examination. Intensive motor training including complex finger movements and coordination activities using a metronome was introduced to the patient 4 hours per day for a week. FMRI was performed on a 3T ISOL Forte scanner. All functional images were analyzed using SPM-99 software. Hand function was improved after training not only in the trained lefr hand, but also in the untrained right hand. There was no activation in the right primary motor area (M1) during left hand movement before training whereas robust activation of left M1 was demonstrated by the right hand movement. Profuse activation of bilateral prefrontal lobes was seen during both hand movements before training. After training of left hand, right M1 became prominently activated during the left hand motion. The activation of bilateral prefrontal lobes disappeared after training not only for the left hand movement but also for the right, which clearly demonstrated the effect of cross education. This case report demonstrated the learning-dependent reorganization of the M1 and the effect of cross education.

기판온도와 레이저에너지에 따른 PbTe 박막의 결정구조 및 전기적 특성

박용대,박종만,정중현 釜慶大學校 2000 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

To determine how crystalline structure of PbTe thin films vary according to the growth temperature and laser energy, PbTe thin films were grown using PLD method on p-Si(100) substrates under a substrate temperature changing between room temperature(RT) and 400℃, the thin films were also prepared under different laser energies ranging between 100 mJ and 300 mJ. As a result of analyzing XRD patterns and FWHM of PbTe(200) rocking curve, it was found that PbTe thin film grown at the growth temperature of 200℃ and that obtained with laser energy of 200 mJ were best crystallized. The measurement of Hall effect indicated that PbTe thin films were n-type semiconductors and the current-voltage characteristic curve exhibited the typical p-n junction phenomenon. In addition, electric conductivity of PbTe thin films was found somewhat higher than that of general semiconductors.

강진만에서 미생물의 년 변화

박종천,오재영,정용욱,주현수,이원교,유춘만,이우범 國立 麗水大學校 환경문제硏究所 2001 環境硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The biological surveys were performed at seven sites in the Gangjin bay from February, 1998 to November, 2001. In order to analysis of environmental variation, numbers of heterotrophic bacteria, general fungus and fecal coliforms were enumerated in each sample. The result showed that variation range of heterotrophic bacteria, general fungus, and fecal coliforms were 2.9 x 10^(3)~9.6 x 10^(3) CFU/ml, 17.2~80.1 CFU/ml, and 6.3~682.5 CFU/100ml for four tears(1988~2001), respectively. Density of heterotrophic bacteria and general fungus were gradually decreased for four tours, while fecal coliforms were suddenly increased. Specially, numbers of fecal colifoms were increased the more 100 times in 2001 than that 1998. We think that it was probably caused a little rainfall in February, 2001. There result suggests that ecosystem of Gangjin bay were mainly regulated by 2~3 factors, which were inflow of fresh water, salinity and variation of water temperature.

切土비탈면의 優占植物과 植物被覆度에 미치는 因子들의 影響 : In Kyongnam Region 慶南지역을 대상으로

朴文秀,安鍾萬 順天大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

林道 개설 후 1∼10년이 경과한 6個郡 路線의 임도를 선정하고, 각 林道別롤 20m길이 단위의 조사구에 대한 植生調査와 道路構造 및 山林環境因子를 調査한 결과늘 요약하면 다음과 같다. 林道槪說 後 1년에서 10년이 경과한 임도의 平均 植物被覆度는 林道槪說 後 1년째 임도는 평균 1.2%의 피복을 보였으며, 2년째 8.4%, 3년째 20.9%였고, 점진적으로 증가하여 10년이 경과된 임도에서는 86.2%로 조사되었다. 조사된 148種 中 억새, 새, 사방오리나무, 쑥, 소나무, 산오리나무, 닭의장풀, 조개풀, 싸리, 복분자딸기 등이 우점식물로 조사되었다. 또한 地域別로는 全 地域에서 고르게 優占하는 식물종은 새, 쑥, 조개풀, 싸리, 복분자딸기 등이며, 억새는 양산, 하동, 함양에서, 사방오리나무는 남해, 합천에서, 구절초는 함양에서 각각 優占하는 식물로 調査되었다. 植物被覆度와 높은 상관을 보인 인자는 개설년도, 강수량, outslope型, 거리, inslope型, 습도, 토양경도, 첨식량, 비탈면물매 등이었다. 多衆回路分析을 통한 切土비탈면에서 植物侵入의 추정식에 관여하는 因子는 開設年度, 습도, 비탈면물매(R²=0.54)로 나타났다. 따라서 이 지역에서 절토비탈면을 조기에 녹화시켜 비탈면 안정을 가져오도록 하기 위해서는 주변환경을 고려하고 해당지역의 우점식물을 녹화수종으로 선택함이 필요하겠고, 현행보다 비탈면물매에 역점을 두는 등 환경친화적인 임도개설이 요구된다. To investigate the dominant species and factors related with plant coverage by road structures and forest environment factors, forest roads elapsed from on to ten years after construction had been selected in six county, and 20m segments were continuously set up in each road. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows : 1. In process of year, plant coverage increased gradually and average of plant coverage was 20.9% in forest roads which elapsed 3 year, and was 86.2% in forest roads which elapsed 10 years after construction. 2. The dominant species in the cutting slope of surveyed area were covered with Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Arundinella hirta, Alnus firma, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Pinus densiflora. Alnus hirsuta, Commelina communis, Arthraxon hispidus and Lespedeza bicolor of the 148 species. 3. The high correlated factors between plant coverage and variables in cutting slope appeared construction year, precipitation, outslope, distance, inslope, humid, hardness, erosion and slope in surveyed area. 4. Through the multiple regression analysis, construction year, humid and slope(R²=0.54) were significant to explain the multiple regression about plant coverage on cutting slope.

충남대학병원에서 최근 정도관리

박종우,최석우,송만수 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

Nine trials of general chemistry and eight trials of blood gas were performed for external quality assessment of clinical chemistry using commercial control sera in 1994 in Korea. Test items of general chemistry were sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT, and LDH. Test items of blood gas were pH, pO_2 and pCO_2. The mean of each item in general chemistry and in blood gas were used as designated target value for the calculation of Variance index score(VIS), respectively. Variance index score(VIS) system are used to evaluate the performance of participant's quality control. Also coefficient of variation(CV) was given as guidance of each method. Mean CV of 14 items except enzyme tests was 7.0% and the range was 2.4-12.7%. T he CV's of glucose, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and cholesterol are better than last year. Mean VIS of 16 items in general chemistry was 57 and the performance of 11 items was improved than mean. In blood gas control, the range of mean CV was 0.2% in pH, 11% in pO_2, and 7.0% in pCO_2. The range of mean CV of blood gas in each trial was 0.1-0.3% in pH, 8.8-14.5%- in pO_2 and 5.1-16.9% in pCO_2.

거주 형태에 따른 에너지 섭취량과 소비량의 균형도 조사

박순목,고성경,남인수,윤재만,임승현,전중기,이종삼 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 2008 人文科學硏究 Vol.31 No.-

We investigated that the effects of residential type on energy balance in college students. Total sixteen college students were participated in this study, all subjects were assigned one of three groups: either school attendee students group, self-governed living students group, dormitory students group. Routine physical activity level (for 5 days including three weekday and two weekend) and food intake were surveyed. For investigation of degree of physical activity, all subjects were requested to record on their physical movements as possible as detail should be obtained. To all subjects, five-day dietary log form was given, and used for examining of calorie intake from their routine diet. There was no statistical difference in energy intake and consumption in each. However energy consumption was significantly higher than energy uptake in school attendee students group. All other groups were shown a similar energy values between energy uptake and consumption. There were no significant differences in energy intake and consumption in any of experimental groups when comparisons were made between weekdays and weekend. As far as energy uptake was concerned it was no statistical difference in any of major nutrients among groups. In conclusion, partial imbalance was found between energy intake and uptake in school attendee groups. This may be due to their more active life style than other groups'. In future studies, better controlled study should be performed not only more subjects are recruited but also minor nutrients are included for examining of energy balance.