생물학적 평가법 ( bioassay ) 을 이용한 남해해역 연안해수 수질평가

유춘만,위인선,이종빈 ( Chun Man Yu,In Sun Wui,Jong Bin Lee ) 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study was performed in order to evaluate off-shore water quality and to draw marine pollution map to Southern sea in Korea by bioassay using gametes, embryos and early development system of Anthocidaris crassispina. Form the bioassay, it was determined that the water qualites of Southern sea maintained the grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ because development of Anthocidaris crassispina were moderately inhibited. However, Doam, Bosung, Sunchon, Kwangyang, Bosung, Songjin .and Masan Bay, Kunsan and Mokpo harbors would be grade Ⅲ because development of Anthocidaris crassispina were strongly inhibited. This could be due to the inflows of several river systems and poor water circulation. The water quality at Haenam and Yeusu island were determined the grade I because Anthocidaris crassispina was not inhibited to early development.

성게를 이용한 해수의 생물학적평가에 있어 온도가 미치는 영향

유춘만,조기안 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

This study was done to research the effects of temperature on biological evaluation of seawater quality using gametes, embryos and early development system of seaurchin species, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Anthocidaris crassispina and Scaphechinus brevis. As the result of performing effects of temperature on early embryo development, the conditions of appropriate temperature on formation of normal pluteus were appropriate at 5-16℃ for H. pulcherrimus, 8-20℃ for A crassispina, 12-20℃ for S. brevis. The conditions of optimum temperature on biological evaluation were 16℃ for H. pulcherrimus and 20℃ for A. crassispina and S. brevis.

성게의 초기 발생계를 이용한 인천연안해수 수질평가

유춘만,Yu, Chun-Man 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.6

In January 2009, the water quality of offshore around the Incheon coast was evaluated by bioassay using early development systems of a sea urchin species, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. The results of performing biological evaluations on seawater samples from total of thirteen sites, showed that the formation rates of normal pluteus larva varied from 18% to 71%. In site 5 the seawater sample led to an averaage formation rate of normal larva of 18%, the highest abnormal formation rate hindering the early embryo development of the experimental animal, while that of site 3 averaged 71%, the highest formation rate of normal larva. Seawater samples from site 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12, resulted in average formation rates of normal larva from 33% to 56%, which indicates the developmental damage of early embryos is not severe. Seawater samples from site 5, 6, 8 and 13, resulted in average formation rates of normal larva from 18% to 21% which there was strong damage to the development of early embryos.

말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulacherrimus)의 배우자를 이용한 광양만 해수의 생물학적 수질평가

유춘만,주현수,박종천,이우범,이원교 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.4

광양만 연안해수를 대상으로 총 17개의 조사정점을 선정, 1996년 7월부터 1997년 4월까지 계절별로 이화학적 수질과 말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)의 배우자를 이용한 생물검정을 통해 생물학적 수질판정을 시도하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 먼저 이화학적 환경요인 중 수온은 2.8∼28.9℃, pH는 7.9∼8.3, 염분도는 13.5∼34.2‰, DO는 6.0∼12.8㎎/ℓ, COD는 1.7∼6.9 ㎎/ℓ, T-N은 0.079∼1.450 ㎎/ℓ, T-P는 0.009∼0.060 ㎎/ℓ의 범위를 각각 나타내어 조사시기별, 조사정점별로 큰 차이를 보였다. 이화학적 분석에 의한 광양만 해수의 수질은 COD, T-N 및 T-P를 기준으로 판정할 경우 전체 조사정점이 해수수질 기준 Ⅱ∼Ⅲ 등급에 해당되는 것으로 나타났다. 생물학적 검정에 의한 광양만의 해수수질은 Kobayashi(1984)의 수질등급체계 Ⅲ를 기준으로 할 경우, 조사정점 1과 11은 Ⅲ 등급으로, 나머지 조사정점은 Ⅰ∼Ⅱ 등급의 해수수질은 나타내었다. In order to assess the seawater quality and it's seasonal variation in Kwangyang Bay, physico-chemical analysis and bioassay using gamete of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus were performed from July, 1996 to April, 1997. Water temperature was fluctuated from 2.8℃ to 28.9℃, the range of pH was from 7.9 to 8.0, salinity was varied from 13.5%, to 34.2‰, the level of dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.0 ㎎/ℓ to 12.8 ㎎/ℓ, and COD was varied from 1.7 ㎎/ℓ to 6.9 ㎎/ℓ. The level of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were in the range of 0.079 ㎎/ℓ ∼ 1.456 ㎎/ℓ, 0.009 ㎎/ℓ ∼ 0.066 ㎎/ℓ respectively. The seawater quality by environmental factors was showed from Ⅱ to Ⅲ. From the bioassay, we estimated that the seawater qualities in most stations were in the state of grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ in that development of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus were not inhibited or moderately inhibited. However, the water quality of grade Ⅲ which inhibited violently the development of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus was appeared in station 1 and 11. It is suggested that the inflows of pollutant through the Sumjin river has influeced on the water quality of upper part in Kwangyang bay.

아므르불가사리를 이용한 동해해역 연안해수 수질의 생물학적평가

유춘만 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.3

무늬연잎성게 ( Schaphechinus brevis ) 의 배우자 ( Gametes ) 와 배아 ( Embryos ) 를 이용한 서남해역의 연안해수 환경평가

유춘만,위인선,이종빈 ( C . M . Yu,I . S . Wui,J . B . Lee ) 한국물환경학회 1995 한국물환경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was attempted to construct the pollution map of off shore water in south-west in korea by bioassay of sea water quality using both gamete and embryo of Schapechinus brevis and also to examine the relationship between embryo development and environmental paramenter. Sea urchin(Schapechinus brevi) gametes and embryos were inhibited strongly by seawater sampled from Youngsan river Hakun and Kwangyang bay inland sea, inhibited weakly by seawater sampled from Muan, Hampeung, Wondo, KangJin inland sea. Temperature: Pluteus was not developed at temperature less than 7℃ and Temperature is proportioned to development velocity. pH : High embryos fertilization was observed the range from pH 7.5 to pH 8.5 and gametes and embryos were strongly inibited below pH 4.5 and above pH 9.5. Salinity : High embryos formation ratio was observed at salinity 28-30‰ and sand dollar gametes and embryos were strongly inhibited below 28 and above 30‰. Sensitivity to sperm exposure time and embryos formation by natural seawater was great in 60 min exposure of sperm. The more sperm exposure time, the more normal pluteus were appeared normal pluteus formation. Embryos formation and concentration of COD and NH₃`-N, SiO₂Si were regularly correlation.

중금속이 성게의 배아형성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

유춘만 한국환경보건학회 1998 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.24 No.3

This study was attempted to carry out the effects of heavy metals when sea urchins (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Anthocidaris crassispina, Scahhechinus brevis) formed early embryos. Results of the experiment for the effects of heavy metals on the development of sea urchins, in most sea urchins, the ranking of heavy metals according to decreasing effects upon fertilization and development of urchin eggs was follows: Hg, Cu, Zn, CA, Ni, Cr, Pb, As,and Fe. In addition, in most heavy metals, the ranking of experimental animals according to decreasing effects upon fertilization and development of urchin eggs in the same concentration of heaw metals was follows: H. pulcherrimus, A. crassispina, and S. brevis.

성게 알을 이용한 생물검정에 의한 연안해수 수질평가에 관한 연구

유춘만,Yu, Chun-Man 한국해양학회 1998 바다 Vol.3 No.3

말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)의 배우체 및 배아와 초기 발생계륜 이용한 생불강정을 통해 우리나라 전 해역의 연안해수의 수질을 평가하였다. 서해권 해역의 경우, 우리나라의 지형특성상 대다수의 하천이 서해안으로 흘러가고 있으나, 유입하천 정화 및 폐수배출업소 단속, 하수처리장 건설 등으로 인한 오염물질 유입감소 그리고 비교적 큰 조수간만 차에 의한 활발한 해수혼합에 의한 오염물질의 희석으로 오염의 진행속도가 감소 또는 완만한 증가 추세이며, 대체로 II등급의 수질을 유지하고 있었다. 그러나 해수의 유동이 적고 반폐쇄적인 연안해역인 아산만, 천수만 및 함평만과 인근 도심지역으로부터 오염물질의 유입량이 많은 군산항과 목포연안 해수는 말똥성게의 수정막 형성률과 정상적인 유생 형성률이 아주 낮은 수준으로, 말똥성게의 초기 배 발생에 큰 저해를 주는 III등급 수준을 유지하고 있다. 남해권 해역의 경우, 대부분의 연안수질이 다른 해역에 비해 약간 악화된 편으로 대체로 말똥성게의 초기 배 발생에 약간의 저해를 주는 II, III등급의 수질을 유지하고 있다. 특히, 강진만, 득량만, 광양만, 마산만, 진해만 등 반폐쇄성 해역은 오염정도가 심한 III등급 수준으로 실험동물의 초기 배 발생에 큰 저해를 나타내고 있다. 동해권 해역의 경우, 해안선이 비교적 단조롭고 해수유동이 원활함으로 말똥성게의 초기 배 발생에 저해를 주지 않는 비교적 깨끗한 수질로 I, II등급의 수준을 유지하고 있다. 그러나 청초호(속초)는 항만기능의 유지를 위하여 축조된 방파제 등에 의해 항만내 수질오염이 심화되어 조사된 전국 연안 중 오염정도가 가장 심하게 나타났다. The water quality of offshore waters around the Korean coast was evaluated by bioassay using gametes, embryoss and early development systems of a sea urchin species Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. The results show that despite the inflows of several river systems, the west coast maintain the grade II water. This is thought to be due to the decrease in pollutant input resulting from the purification of inflow rivers (e.g., the control of waste water discharge and the construction of sewage treatment facilities), and the dilution of pollutants by a strong tidal mixing with a large difference between the ebb and flood tides. However, Asan, Hampyong and Chonsu bays, where circulations of water are relatively poor, and the Kunsan and Mokpo harbors which are influenced by pollutants from neighboring cities have shown the grade III water. The south coast has maintain the grade II or III because developments of sea urchins were moderately or strongly inhibited. Also, Kangjin, Duekryang, Kwangyang, Masan, and Jinhae bays where water circulations are relatively poor, show the grade III water, with strong inhibitions of the early development of sea urchins. The east coast has maintained the grade I and II due to monotonous coastlines and smooth circulation of sea water. However, Chongcho Lake shows the worst water quality due to the breakwater which is constructed to maintain port functions.

아므르불가사리 (Asterias amurensis)의 배우자를 이용한 남해해역 연안해수의 생물학적 수질평가

유춘만,박지인,조기안,주현수,박종천,나명석 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate off-shore water quality and to draw marine pollution map to Southern sea in Korea by bioassay using gametes and early development system of Asterias amurensis. From the bioassay, it was determined that the water qualites of Southern sea maintained the grade Ⅱ, because development of A. amurensis were moderately inhibited. However, Sunchon, Kwangyang, and Jinhae Bay belonged to grade Ⅲ, because development of A. amurensis were strongly inhibited. This could be due to the inflows of several river systems and poor water circulation. The water quality at Yosu island was the grade I, because A. amurensis were not inhibited in its early development.

불가사리를 이용한 生物學的 評價法 (bioassay)에 의한 우리나라 海域 沿岸海水의 環境評價

유춘만,위인선,이종빈 원광대학교 환경과학연구소 1997 環境科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.1