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In Situ Observation of Voltage‐Induced Multilevel Resistive Switching in Solid Electrolyte Memory
Choi, Sangx2010,Jun,Park, Gyeongx2010,Su,Kim, Kix2010,Hong,Cho, Soohaeng,Yang, Woox2010,Young,Li, Xiangx2010,Shu,Moon, Jungx2010,Hwan,Lee, Kyungx2010,Jin,Kim, Kinam WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.23 No.29
<P><B>Solid electrolyte memories</B> utilizing voltage‐induced resistance change display the capability of multilevel switching, but understanding of the microscopic switching mechanism has been left incomplete. Here, in situ TEM observation of voltage‐induced changes in the microstructure of a solid electrolyte memory is reported, revealing that the multilevel switching originates from the growth of multiple conducting filaments with nanometer‐sized diameter and spacing. </P>
Ko, Youngx2010,Ho,Kim, Jex2010,Hyung,Jin, Li‐,Hua,Ko, Sukx2010,Min,Kwon, Bongx2010,Joon,Kim, Joosung,Kim, Taek,Cho, Yongx2010,Hoon WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.23 No.45
<P>Electrically driven hybrid light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) consisting of quantum dots, wires, and wells based on the nanometer‐sized pyramid GaN structure are reported by Taek Kim, Yong‐Hoon Cho, and co‐workers on page 5364. The LEDs exhibit mixed emissions from InGaN quantum dots, wires, and wells formed at the tops, edges, and sidewalls of the pyramids, respectively. The hybrid LEDs containing low‐dimensional quantum structures provide a broad‐band, highly efficient visible lighting source. </P>
Probing the nature of high‐<i>z</i> short GRB 090426 with its early optical and X‐ray afterglows
Xin, Li‐,Ping,Liang, Enx2010,Wei,Wei, Jianx2010,Yan,Zhang, Bing,Lv, Houx2010,Jun,Zheng, Weix2010,Kang,Urata, Yuji,Im, Myungshin,Wang, Jing,Qiu, Yux2010,Lei,Deng, Jinx2010,Song,Huang, Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.410 No.1
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>GRB 090426 is a short‐duration burst detected by <I>Swift</I> (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu1.gif' alt ='inline image'/> s in the observer frame and <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu2.gif' alt ='inline image'/> s in the burst frame at <I>z</I>= 2.609). Its host galaxy properties and some gamma‐ray‐related correlations are analogous to those seen in long‐duration gamma‐ray bursts (GRBs), which are believed to be of a massive star origin (so‐called Type II GRBs). We present the results of its early optical observations with the 0.8‐m Tsinghua University–National Astronomical Observatory of China Telescope (TNT) at Xinglong Observatory and the 1‐m LOAO telescope at Mt Lemmon Optical Astronomy Observatory in Arizona. Our well‐sampled optical afterglow light curve covers from <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu3.gif' alt ='inline image'/> to 10<SUP>4</SUP> s after the GRB trigger. It shows two shallow decay episodes that are likely due to energy injection, which end at <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu4.gif' alt ='inline image'/> and 7100 s, respectively. The decay slopes after the injection phases are consistent with each other (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu5.gif' alt ='inline image'/>). The X‐ray afterglow light curve appears to trace the optical, although the second energy‐injection phase was missed due to visibility constraints introduced by the <I>Swift</I> orbit. The X‐ray spectral index is <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu6.gif' alt ='inline image'/> without temporal evolution. Its decay slope is consistent with the prediction of the forward shock model. Both X‐ray and optical emission are consistent with being in the same spectral regime above the cooling frequency (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu7.gif' alt ='inline image'/>). The fact that <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu8.gif' alt ='inline image'/> is below the optical band from the very early epoch of the observation provides a constraint on the burst environment, which is similar to that seen in classical long‐duration GRBs. We therefore suggest that death of a massive star is the possible progenitor of this short burst.</P>
Naka, Kazuhito,Ishihara, Kaori,Jomen, Yoshie,Jin, Cheng Hua,Kim, Dongx2010,Hyun,Gu, Yoonx2010,Kang,Jeong, Eunx2010,Sook,Li, Shaoguang,Krause, Daniela S.,Kim, Dongx2010,Wook,Bae, Eunjin,Takihar John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016 CANCER SCIENCE Vol.107 No.2
<P>Recent strategies for treating CML patients have focused on investigating new combinations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as well as identifying novel translational research agents that can eradicate CML leukemia‐initiating cells (CML‐LICs). However, little is known about the therapeutic benefits such CML‐LIC targeting therapies might bring to CML patients. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of EW‐7197, an orally bioavailable transforming growth factor‐β signaling inhibitor which has recently been approved as an Investigational New Drug (NIH, USA), to suppress CML‐LICs <I>in vivo</I>. Compared to TKI treatment alone, administration of TKI plus EW‐7197 to CML‐affected mice significantly delayed disease relapse and prolonged survival. Notably, combined treatment with EW‐7197 plus TKI was effective in eliminating CML‐LICs even if they expressed the TKI‐resistant T315I mutant <I>BCR‐ABL1</I> oncogene. Collectively, these results indicate that EW‐7197 may be a promising candidate for a new therapeutic that can greatly benefit CML patients by working in combination with TKIs to eradicate CML‐LICs.</P>
Li, Xiaopeng,Xiao, Yanjun,Bang, Jin Ho,Lausch, Dominik,Meyer, Sylke,Miclea, Paulx2010,Tiberiu,Jung, Jinx2010,Young,Schweizer, Stefan L.,Lee, Jungx2010,Ho,Wehrspohn, Ralf B. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.25 No.23
<P><B>Through metal‐assisted chemical etching (MaCE), superior purification of dirty Si is observed</B>, from 99.74 to 99.9884% for metallurgical Si and from 99.999772 to 99.999899% for upgraded metallurgical Si. In addition, large area of silicon nanowires (SiNW) are fabricated. The purification effect induces a ∼35% increase in photocurrent for SiNW based photoelectrochemical cell.</P>
Transfer‐Free Growth of Few‐Layer Graphene by Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Shin, Hyeonx2010,Jin,Choi, Won Mook,Yoon, Seonx2010,Mi,Han, Gang Hee,Woo, Yun Sung,Kim, Eun Sung,Chae, Seung Jin,Li, Xiangx2010,Shu,Benayad, Anass,Loc, Duong Dinh,Gunes, Fethullah,Lee, Young Hee WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced Materials Vol.23 No.38
<P><B>Graphene layers are directly synthesized</B> <B>on an oxide substrate</B> without transfer. The catalytic structure aids graphene formation without the vaporization of a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) material and induces direct growth of graphene on the substrate. Film uniformity and the number of graphene layers are modulated. The catalytic structure and growth process provide a robust method for transfer‐free graphene growth with uniform thickness. </P>
Li, Shengjin,Cha, JeongDan,Kim, Jin,Kim, Kix2010,Yeol,Kim, Hyungx2010,Jun,Nam, Woong,Cha, Inx2010,Ho Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Head & neck Vol.33 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background.</B></P><P>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is caused by multiple factors, including carcinogen exposure. Insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IMP3) is highly expressed in various cancer cells but is rarely expressed in normal cells. We investigated whether IMP3 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC.</P><P><B>Methods.</B></P><P>We performed immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to examine IMP3 expression in human tissues. We also investigated correlations among IMP3 expression, clinicopathologic factors, and overall survival.</P><P><B>Results.</B></P><P>IMP3 was overexpressed in OSCC cells. The expression was correlated with high histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, and advanced tumor and clinical stages. Univariate analysis indicated that advanced clinical stages, lymph node metastases, and IMP3 expression were predictive factors for OSCC. Multivariate analysis showed that IMP3 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for OSCC.</P><P><B>Conclusions.</B></P><P>IMP3 expression was related to various clinicopathologic factors. IMP3 expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with OSCC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010</P>
Control of neurite outgrowth by RhoA inactivation
Jeon, Chanx2010,Young,Moon, Mix2010,Young,Kim, Jongx2010,Hyun,Kim, Heex2010,Jun,Kim, Jaex2010,Gyu,Li, Yi,Jin, Jaex2010,Kwang,Kim, Pyeungx2010,Hyeun,Kim, Hyoungx2010,Chun,Meier, Kathryn Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Journal of Neurochemistry Vol.120 No.5
<P><I>J. Neurochem.</I> (2012) <B>120</B>, 684–698.</P><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>cAMP induces neurite outgrowth in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line 12 (PC12). In particular, di‐butyric cAMP (db‐cAMP) induces a greater number of primary processes with shorter length than the number induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). db‐cAMP up‐ and down‐regulates GTP‐RhoA levels in PC12 cells in a time‐dependent manner. Tat‐C3 toxin stimulates neurite outgrowth, whereas lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and constitutively active (CA)‐RhoA reduce neurite outgrowth, suggesting that RhoA inactivation is essential for the neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells stimulated by cAMP. In this study, the mechanism by which RhoA is inactivated in response to cAMP was examined. db‐cAMP induces phosphorylation of RhoA and augments the binding of RhoA with Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Moreover, RhoA (S188D) mimicking phosphorylated RhoA induces greater neurite outgrowth than RhoA (S188A) mimicking dephosphorylated form does. Additionally, db‐cAMP increases GTP‐Rap1 levels, and dominant negative (DN)‐Rap1 and DN‐Rap‐dependent RhoGAP (ARAP3) block neurite outgrowth induced by db‐cAMP. DN‐p190RhoGAP and the Src inhibitor PP2 suppress neurite outgrowth, whereas transfection of c‐Src and p190RhoGAP cDNAs synergistically stimulate neurite outgrowth. Taken together, RhoA is inactivated by phosphorylation of itself, by p190RhoGAP which is activated by Src, and by ARAP3 which is activated by Rap1 during neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells in response to db‐cAMP.</P>
Kim, Soox2010,Kyoung,Park, Soox2010,Jin,Li, Xix2010,Hui,Choi, Yux2010,Sang,Im, Dongx2010,Soon,Lee, Joonx2010,Hee John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2018 Environmental microbiology Vol.20 No.11
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Ornithine lipids (OLs) are bacteria‐specific lipids that are found in the outer membrane of Gram (−) bacteria and increase as surrogates of phospholipids under phosphate‐limited environmental conditions. We investigated the effects of OL increase in bacterial membranes on pathogen virulence and the host immune response. In <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>, we increased OL levels in membranes by overexpressing the OL‐synthesizing operon (<I>olsBA</I>). These increases changed the bacterial surface charge and hydrophobicity, which reduced bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), interfered with the binding of macrophages to bacterial cells and enhanced bacterial biofilm formation. When grown under low phosphate conditions, <I>P. aeruginosa</I> became more persistent in the treatment of antibiotics and AMPs in an <I>olsBA</I>‐dependent manner. While OLs increased persistence, they attenuated <I>P. aeruginosa</I> virulence; in host cells, they reduced the production of inflammatory factors (iNOS, COX‐2, PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and nitric oxide) and increased intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> release. Exogenously added OL had similar effects on <I>P. aeruginosa</I> and host cells. Our results suggest that bacterial OL plays important roles in bacteria‐host interaction in a way that enhances bacterial persistence and develops chronic adaptation to infection.</P>
Li, Tian Zhu,Jin, Cheng Zhe,Choi, Byung Hyune,Kim, Moon Suk,Kim, Young Jick,Park, So Ra,Yoon, Jeong Ho,Min, Byoungx2010,Hyun WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.22 No.20
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Bone marrow stimulation techniques (BSTs) are widely used in clinics to treat cartilage defects, but yet have a critical limitation from the loss of blood clots. In this work, a novel cartilage extracellular matrix (CECM) membrane is developed to protect blood clots after BSTs. The CECM membrane was made of ECM fabricated naturally by cultured porcine chondrocytes, and then decellularized and multi‐layered to confer optimal mechanical strength. Highly compatible with cells, the CECM membrane did not show any cytotoxicity or immune responses in vivo. The CECM membrane was very thin (30–60 μm thick) and bendable, but had good tensile strength (85.64 N), suitable for protecting blood clots from leakage in rabbit cartilage defect. Moreover, the CECM membrane showed low but enough diffusion coefficient to allow delivery of small proteins in synovial fluid into the repaired tissue. In a beagle model, covering the cartilage defect with the CECM membrane after BST generated more hyaline cartilage‐like tissues than the BST alone in histology and chemical analyses at 18 weeks. Its ICRS score was approximately 2.5 times higher than that of the BST alone. Therefore, the CECM membrane is proposed as a useful tool that can improve the outcome of BSTs to treat cartilage defects.</P>