Characteristics of a plasma information variable in phenomenology-based, statistically-tuned virtual metrology to predict silicon dioxide etching depth

Jang, Yunchang,Roh, Hyun-Joon,Park, Seolhye,Jeong, Sangmin,Ryu, Sanywon,Kwon, Ji-Won,Kim, Nam-Kyun,Kim, Gon-Ho Elsevier 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.10

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A phenomenology-based virtual metrology (VM) for monitoring SiO<SUB>2</SUB> etching depth was proposed by Park (2015). It achieved high prediction accuracy by introducing newly developed plasma information (PI) variables as designated inputs, called PI-VM. The PI variables represent the state of the plasma, the sheath, and the target during the process. We investigate how a PI variable can help to improve prediction accuracy of VM and how it plays a special role in the statistical selection. We choose only PI<SUB>EEDF</SUB> among the three PI variables to focus on the investigation. The PI<SUB>EEDF</SUB> is determined from the ratio of line-intensities of optical emission spectroscopy. We apply Pearson's correlation filter (PCF), principal component analysis (PCA), and stepwise variable selection (SVS) as statistical selection methods on the variables set including PI<SUB>EEDF</SUB> or not. Multilinear regression is used to model the VM. This study reveals that PI<SUB>EEDF</SUB> variable is a good variable in terms of independence from other input variables and explanatory power for an output variable. Especially, VM using SVS method applied to variable sets including PI<SUB>EEDF</SUB> achieves the highest accuracy, comparable to Park's PI-VM. This study shows that PI<SUB>EEDF</SUB> variable is particularly useful for monitoring of the fine variations in semiconductor manufacturing process and it also extends the utilization of OES sensor data.</P>

설악산 국립공원의 어류분포

장민호,조가익,하진용,정광석,박성배,주기재 한국어류학회 2002 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.14 No.4

설악산 국립공원지역 산간계류의 17개 지점에서 2000년 6월부터 2001년 6월까지 어류상 및 이화학적 요인을 계절별로 총 4회에 걸쳐 분석하였다. 모든 조사지점은 1~3차의 하천으로 비교적 물리·화학적 교란이 적었으며 하천폭은 5~30 m 정도였다. 채집된 어류는 총 18과 42종 2,557개체였고, Cyprinidae는 16종으로 84.7%의 상대풍부도를 나타냈으며, Gobiidae 4종, 5.0?의 상대풍부도를 보였다. Cyprinidae는 전체 채입종의 37.2%를 나타냈다. 우점종은 Zacco temminck로 10개 지점에서 738개체가 채집되어 28.9%의 상대풍부도를 나타냈으며, 아우점종은 Rhynchocypris kumkangensis와 Z. platypus로 각각 4개 지점 648개체(25.3%)와 7개 지점 344개체(13.5%)로 나타났다. 한국고유종(Korean endemic species)은 모두 4과 11종 781개체로 30.5%의 상대풍부도를 나타냈으며, 고유화 빈도는 25.6%로 한국의 평균 고유화 빈도와 유사하게 나타났다. 본 조사에서 외래어는 채집되지 않았다. 국립공원 내에 서식하는 어류의 다양성 유지와 회복을 위해서는 공원 내는 물론 경계지역 하천의 체계적인 관리가 요구된다. The fish fauna of mountain streams in the Seorak National Park area was investigated from June 2000 to June 2001 (4 times). All 17 sites were relatively undisturbed 1st to 3rd order streams. A total of 2,557 individuals were collected and classified into 17 families and 43 species. Cyprinidae accounted for 37.2% (16 species) of the total fish species and 84.7% (2,165 ind.) of the total abundance. Subdominant families were Gobiidae (4 species, 5.0%) and Balitoridae (3 species, 3.4%). Zacco temmincki (RA 28.9%, 10 sites) dominated. Subdominant species were Rhynchocypris kumkangensis (25.3%, 4 sites) and Zacco platypus (13.5%, 7 sites). Eleven of the species are endemic to Korea (4 families, 30.5%). Exotic species were not collected in this survey. Fish diversity was higher in streams around the boundary area than in the national park. Therefore, management of streams in the boundary area to protect the fish biodiversity can be efficiently conducted. Habitat degradation should be reduced for the conservation and restoration of fish diversity.

전직 관료 영입이 기업성과에 미치는 영향: 산업에 따른 효과성 분석

박준호(Park, Jun-Ho),이장우(Lee, Jang-Woo) 한국경영교육학회 2021 경영교육연구 Vol.36 No.1

[연구목적] 지금껏 전직 관료 영입과 기업성과 간의 관계를 다룬 다양한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 하지만, 선행연구들은 서로 다른 연구방법과 연구대상으로 인해 혼재된 결과를 보임으로써 지속적인 의문을 증폭시키고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 두 가지 산업을 비교 분석함으로써 전직 관료 영입과 기업성과 간의 보다 명확한 관계를 관찰하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 연구를 위해 1998년부터 2017년까지 총20년의 연구기간을 선정하고 의약품 및 의료기기 제조업 189개 기업과 화학산업에 포함된 화학물질 및 화학제품 제조업 136개 기업의 데이터를 수집하여 연구를 진행하였다. [연구결과] 연구결과, 취약한 제도적 환경으로 평가되는 의료산업에서는 전직 관료 영입이 기업성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 관찰되었으며 비교적 안정적인 제도 환경으로 평가되는 화학산업에서 전직 관료 영입이 기업성과에 유의미한 관계가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구는 그동안 전직 관료 영입과 기업성과 간의 혼재된 연구결과를 설명하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 특히, 기업이 속해 있는 산업의 제도적 환경에 따라 전직 관료 영입이 기업성과에 미치는 영향이 다를 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. [Purpose] So far, various studies have been conducted on the relationship between recruiting former bureaucrats board and corporate performance. However, prior studies have amplified persistent questions by showing mixed results from different methods and subjects. Thus, the study sought to observe a clearer relationship between the two major variables through comparative analysis of two different industries. [Methodology] To fulfill the aim of the research, we covered the corporate performances for 20 years from 1998 to 2017. The data were collected from 189 pharmaceutical/medical companies, and another 136 chemical related companies. [Findings] In the medical industry, which is regarded as a unstable institutional environment, the recruitment of former bureaucrats has been observed to have a positive effect on corporate performance, and in the chemical industry, which is considered to be a relatively stable institutional environment, the recruitment of former officials has no significant relationship to corporate performance. [Implications] The study is expected to contribute to explaining the mixed results of the research between recruiting former bureaucrats and corporate performance. In particular, it suggests that the impact of recruiting former bureaucrats on corporate performance may vary depending on the environment of the industry to which the company belongs.

호서지역 출토 청동기로 본 마한의 대외교류

박장호(Jang ho Park) 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 2020 민족문화논총 Vol.74 No.-

호서지역의 마한무덤에서 청동기는 기존의 연구성과에서 천안 청당동 5호에서 출토된 마형대구(馬形帶鉤)가 원삼국시대 청동기를 대표하는 유물로 인식되어 왔다. 최근 조사성과의 증가에 따라 단순히 마형대구만 출토되는 것이 아니라 호형대구(虎形帶鉤)도 출토되고 있으며, 동병철검(銅柄鐵劍)이나 검초금구(劍鞘金具) 등도 확인된다. 현재까지 조사된 청동기는 호서지역에서 생산되기도 하지만 영남지역이나 중국동북지역, 평양일대에서 유래를 찾을 수 있거나 교류를 통하여 직접적으로 수입된 유물 등이 확인된다. 이러한 청동기를 통하여 호서마한은 동물형대구나 별주식 동병철검을 통하여 동남부지역의 진·변한과 청동기 교류가 있었고 그 중 동물형 대구는 선택적으로 수용하여 독자적인 문화로서 만들어가는 양상이 확인된다. 진·변한과의 교류는 청동기뿐 아니라 묘제와 토기, 철기 등도 연계되어 활발한 교류가 있었다는 것을 확인 할 수 있다. 진·변한과의 교류뿐 아니라 중국동북지역이나 평양일대와의 교류가 활발히 이루어 졌음을 확인 할 수 있다. 부여계통으로 추정되는 동병철검이 청주지역에서 확인된다는 점은 호서마한의 대외관계망이 상당히 넓었다는 것을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 그렇지만 현재 상황에서 보았을때 길림지역과 직접적인 교류보다는 요령 동부지역과 서북부지역을 통한 간접적인 교류관계가 있었다고 생각하는 것이 타당하게 보인다. 이러한 점은 서산 예천동유적에서 확인되는 철장검이 세형동검문화권역에서 확인되는 검초금구를 사용하고 있다는 점에서 서북부지역과의 교류관계를 나타내는 증거로서 볼 수 있다고 생각하기 때문이다. 현재까지 출토된 청동기를 통하여 호서마한의 대외관계망이 다양한 교류관계를 보여준다고 할 수 있지만, 여러 루트를 통한 교류의 가능성이 확인되었을 뿐이다. 자료 증가를 기대해 본다. In Mahan Tomb in Hoseo-gu, the Bronze Age was recognized as a representative artifact of the Three Kingdoms Period by Ma Hyeong Dae-gu, which was excavated from Cheongdang-dong No. 5 in Cheonan, in its previous research achievements. As the results of the recent survey increase, not only mahjongdaegu is excavated, but also ho-hyeongdaegu is excavated, and Dongbyeong Iron Sword and Geomchum Gum-gu are also confirmed. The bronze ware that has been investigated so far is also produced in Hoseo area, but relics that can be found in the Gyeongsang region, the northern part of China, and the Pyongyang area or directly imported through exchange are identified. Through these bronze ware, there was an exchange between Jin and Byun and Bronze Age in the Yeongnam region through animal types or star stocks bronze swords, and among them, animal-type codfish were selected and made into an independent culture. The exchange with Jin and Byunhan was not only linked to the Bronze Age, but also to the tomb, earthenware, and ironware, which can be confirmed to have been active. It can be confirmed that not only exchanges with Jin and Byunhan, but also exchanges with China, North and South Gyeongsang provinces and Pyongyang areas have been brisk. The fact that the bronze dagger, believed to be of the Buyeo system, was identified in the Cheongju area indicates that the vast network of foreign relations was quite extensive. However, given the current situation, it seems reasonable to think that there were indirect exchanges between the eastern and northwestern regions of the country, rather than direct exchanges with the Gileem region. This is because I believe that the iron swords identified in the Yecheon-dong ruins of Seosan are used as a tool for inspection, which can be found in the Sehyeong-dong Sword Cultural Area, as evidence of exchange with the northwestern region. Although the bronze ware excavated so far shows a wide variety of exchanges, the possibility of exchange through various channels has only been confirmed. I look forward to data growth.

石灰石 添加에 따른 二酸化黃 除去率 向上

김영수,박진식,장성호,장부규,서정민,김장호 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1996 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the performance enhancement of forced oxidation operation on the limestone utilization and SO₂ removal efficiency of the pilot flue gas desulfurization system. The results are as follows : 1. The results of the forced oxidation tests have shown that converting from natural to forced oxidation operation can have a significant effect on both limestone utilization and SO₂ removal efficiency of an FGD system. Conversely, if the limestone utilization is maintained at a constant level, the SO₂ removal efficiency will increase. Conversely, if the pH is held constant, the limestone utilization will increase significantly. 2. This characteristic of a forced oxidation system can translate into lower L/G requirements and, therefore, reduced capital and operating costs for slurry recycle pumps. 3. Forced oxidation operation will provide improved limestone utilization and, therefore. reduced limestone reagent costs.

40세 이하 관상동맥 질환자에서 장기적 임상 관찰

이승욱,정명호,박종철,박형욱,조상희,김원,김계훈,이상현,강경태,조장현,김남호,김건형,안영근,조정관,박종춘,강정채 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

The Antioxidant Effect of the Rhaponticum uniflorum Extracts on the Oxidative Stress in H₂O₂ induced Human Keratinocytes

So Hee Ahn,Won Yeoung Choi,Ji Won Jeong,Geon Woo Park,Su Yeon Kang,Eun Jeong Kim,Su Rim Sin,Eun Seo Jang,Gye Won Lee,Young Ho Cho 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

In this study, To investigate the antioxidant activities of Rhaponticum uniflorum extracts (RUE), we assessed scavenging activities on DPPH, ABTS radicals, and reducing power. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (SC50) of RUE were 96.97±1.19 μg/mL and 31.26±0.13 μ g/mL, respectively, and the reducing power significantly increased dose-dependent manner. To study the antioxidant effecters of RUE in H₂O₂ induced human keratinocytes, expression of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RUE induced the expression of HO-1, a critical target enzyme of Nrf2, in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression of HO- 1 mRNA was also induced in H₂O₂-treated HaCaT cells but no significant difference in the level of HO-1 mRNA was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that RUE may be useful as a potential ingredient for anti-aging products.

The Protein and Isozyme Patterns During in vitro Plant Regeneration of Yooja (Citrus junos Sieb.) and Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata Rafin.)

Park,Min-Hee,Jang,Hyun-Kyu,Cha,Young-Ju,Kim,Ho-Bun,Lee,Sook-Young 한국자원식물학회 2002 Plant Resources Vol.5 No.1

In this study, plant regeneration through in vitro culture from plantlet stems of Yooja (C. junos Sieb.) and trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata Rafin.) was attempted to make mass-production system of virus-free plants having the same genotype with mother plant. In order to investigate physiological change depending on the developmental stage of plant regeneration, the changes of total protein, peroxidase and esterase activity and their isozyme patterns as well were examined in 1/2 MS medium. The results are as follows : 1. The MS medium for the optimal callus induction and shoot formation was utilized. The medium was supplemented either with 2,4-D and Kinetin or with BA and NAA. The optimal concentrations were the combination of 1.0mg/ 2,4-D +0.3mg/ Kinetin and 1.0mg BA +0.3mg NAA in callus induction and shoot formation, respectively. 2. For the plant regeneration from somatic embryos, 1/2 MS medium was used with supplements of growth regulators (free, 1.0mg/ IBA +1.0mg/ BA ,0.5mg/ IBA +0.5mg/ BA). Shooting and rooting were the best in the treatment of 0.5mg/ IBA and 0.5mg/ BA combination. 3. The total protein content has a tendency of increase with the developmental stage of embryo, but it was decreased at the plantlet. Also it was the highest at 8 and 6 weeks stage in C. junos Sieb. and P. trioliata Rafin, respectively. In the SDS-PAGE pattern of protein, C. junos Sieb. showed bands of 29.0 and 40kDa at 10 weeks. The 45,66 and 97.4 kDa bands at 10 weeks of culture were shown in P. trifoliata Rafin. 4. The highest esterase activity was shown at the 6 and 8 weeks of culture in C.junos Sieb. and P. trifoliata Rafin.., respectively. 5. Esterase isozyme patterns were shown difference according to the developmental stage. In C. junos Sieb. a new band was observed at pl 7.7 following 4 weeks culture. On the other hand, new bands in P. trifoliata Rafin. were observed at pl 7.5~6.5 following 4 and 6 weeks culture, respectively.

企業의 勞使커뮤니케이션에 관한 硏究

朴來榮,李璋鉉,金建浩 弘益大學校 1982 弘大論叢 Vol.14 No.1

1. It is generally known that the labour- management communication can contribute to promote the cooperation and to prevent the conflict between labor and management in firms. The labour-management communication is closely related to the pattern of the labour-management relation of each firm. The labour-management relation in a firm usually has two aspects; one is called as the employee relation which means the private relation between employer and individual employee, and the other is called as the labour relation which refers the collective relation between employer and the group of workers. Vertical communication which includes one-way, two-ways or. several-ways directions is used for the employee relation, while the holizontal communication is for the labour relation. 2. As most of the labour-management relations in Korean firms are not evolved to democratic patterns from autocratical or paternal patterns, their labour-management communications are mainly relying on the one-way vertical direction: Even the downward communications from manager to each employee are inclined to use the channel of formal organization in most korean firms. Of course, there are many kinds of secondary channels for downward communication such as notice boards, morning meetings, circulating bulletins, round table conforences, in-firm radio system and in-firm news-latters. But these secondary channels are not positively utilized by both of manager and workers. In recent, however, the utilization of morning meetings and round table conferences are remarkably increasing in most of Korean firms. 3. The upward communication channels from employee to employer have not so much developed and utilized in Korean firms, because the attitudes of employers to understand the needs and disires of the worker and to listen the ideas and asks of them are not positive. The employers usually think that only the formal organization is enough to understand and to collect the needs and ideas of employee. Even in the firms who have the upward channels like personnel councelling, suggestion system, moral survey, motivation research and sociometry, these channels are nearly utilized by both of employers and workers. These negative attitudes, however, have been changing in recent. The communication channels most actively utilizing in the medium and big size firms are round table conference and employee's seminar, in which there can be realized the several-ways communication among top manager, middle class managers .and workers. 4. The horizontal communications are carried on not only between management and labour union but also through labour-management council. The communications between management and labour union is more effective than those through labour management council. However, it is difficult to say that the communication between management and labour union is realizing on an equal footing, because the activity of labour union is now being partially restricted. On the other hand, it is clear that the collective communication through labour-management council is also carring just for form sake. All of the firms who employed more than 100 workers have been urged to formulate the councils in accordance with the labour-management council law made in Dec., 1980. Therefore, all these firms have the councils and open the councils more than one time in three months, but this system is not fixed substantially. 5. The performance of the labour-management communication is differentiated by many factors such as size of firm, leadership of employer and male-female composition of workers. In small size firms, the commuication is relatively easy, even though there are few channels prepared. But in huge firms, the communication is complex and ineffective, though they have many kinds of channels prepared for vertical and horizontal communication. Most effective performance of the communication can be realized in medium-size firms. It is easily found that leadership is most important factors affecting to the performance of communication, and that communication channels in the firms employed much female workers have been developed in detail rather than in the firms employed much male workers. 6. It is difficult to find out the relationships between the productivity and the ,degree of communication, because the productivity of a firm has been effected by various factors. It is also difficult to know the relationships between a simple index like the departure ratio of employee and the degree of labour-management communication in a firm. We could feel, however, that the labour-management relation was more peaceful and the workers were more earnest in the firms who have good communication comparing to the firms who have bad communication. 7. We can recommand to employers that it is neccessary to promote the labour-management communication in firms for making 'the cooperative relations and for preventing the conflict between management and labour. It is also recommended that the most important fact to induce the promotion of the communication in firms is to change the attitude of the employers. After then, they can develop various kinds of communication channels, they can employ the specialists on these fields, and they can prepare some incentive policies for better utilization of the channels. We also want to recommand to the government concerns that the initiation and stimulation of government are very important in Korea for promoting the labour-management communication in firms. Government can develop the communication models and skills. But it seems to be dangerous if the government may urge a simple model uniformly to the diverse firms. The suggestion of several models from government is surely helpful for the firms, but the selection of the models should be decided at firm's discretion. In addition, we want to recommand to the labour union and the representatives of the labour-management council that it is desirable to develop the communication. channels between the union leader or the representatve of council and the workers.

미만성 두부 손상 환자에서 체성감각 유발전위의 예후인자로서의 의의

장호석,박용석,이규춘 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

미만성 두부 손상환자에 대한 예후 예측 인자로 이용하고자 정중 신경 및 후 경골 신경체성감각 유발전위를 40명의 미만성 두부 손상의 진단을 받은 환자에서 실시한 후, 임상소견, 두부전산화 단층촬영 소견과의 관계를 살펴보고 기능 회복과 가능성을 관련시켜 미만성 두부 손상 환자에서 SEPs의 임상적 의의를 고찰하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1)SEPs는 GCS와 유의한 상관관계를 가진다. 2)SEPs는 Brain CT 소견과 상관관계를 가지며 특히 Brain CT소견에서 category Ⅰ,Ⅱ는 SEPs상 모두 Normal로 check되었다. 3)SEPs는 검사상 정상 소견을 나타낸 환자는 예후가 좋은 것으로 생각되어진다. 4)SEPs 검사는 정중신경이나 후 경골 신경중 한쪽만 선택하여 검사하여도 예후측정 인자로서 의미를 가진다. Somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs) were examined in 40 patients in diffuse brain injury by median and post. tibial nerve. An analysis of clinical signs, SEPs, brain CT findings and Glasgow Outcome Scales were undertaken retrospectively. It was the aim of this study to predict the prognostic value of SEPs in diffuse brain injured patients. The SEPs ftndings that concerned are PINI latency and amplitude were divided in 3 categories an no response(I), abnonnal response(ll), nomal reponse(Ⅲ). The results were as follows 1) SEPs have significant relation to GCS 2) SEPs also have significant relation to brain CT finding, especially in category I,Ⅱ which were normal response. 3) We concluded that head injury patients with normal SEPs are have favorable outcome. 4) The SEPs, whether median nerve or posterior tibial nerve, have value as a prognostic factor. SEPs may help to predict the outcome in acute stage and during the course of diffuse brain injured patients rather than brain CT on admission and GTS. SEPs may help to predict the outcome in acute stage and during the course of diffuse brain injured patients rather than brain CT on admission and GCS.