한국비서자격시험의 개선점과 비교연구

남자현,이미정,이미영,이아영,정해금,최유정,이미숙,전인선,정혜림 이화여자대학교 법정대학 비서학과 1997 비서학연구 Vol.- No.17

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

The Linguistic Roots of Korean Traditional Food and Food Ingredients in Hunmong- ja-whae and the Development of Its Application System

Hye Jeong Yang,Kyung Rhan Chung,Hyun Ju Lee,Ahe ryung Yu,Hyun In Oh,HoMoon Seog,Dae Young Kwon,So-ri Lee,Dai-Ja Jang 한국콘텐츠학회 2011 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.- No.-

개화기 이후 한국 여성교육의 기회균등화 과정과 문제

이현섭,김순자 진주산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyse Korean Women's Education which has been changed and extended through School Education sence the Civilized period. The followings are the examined subjects on this study ; On the first, Traditional-Women's Education through modern Schooling after that period and Women's Education based on Democratec Education theory after the Restoration of independence. On the second, the problem in the process for opportunity-equalization of Women's Education. In conclusion, it is natural that today's Women's Education should be the pursut for a view of woman good matching Modern times. Namely, it should be fitted for today's industry, Culture, the organization of family. On this point or view, Today's Women's Education subject should achieve the Humanized Education which should be able to identify and choose her own life. The aim of traditional-Women's Education must have been a wise mother and good wife., but it was restricted and had the limitation from the perspective of the authority cited for the identification developing women's latent faculties. Women's Education for the future to come should be carried as the Education action to the best of women's various abilities on the ground of the both sexualities in the family, school and society. So, it should be carried for the action to the best of women's abilities with the both sexes out of the fixed idea of male or female image.

Equisetum arvense L.이 고혈당 쥐의 혈중 포도당 농도에 미치는 영향

이현자,김석환,손기호,강우규,최종원 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 1992 環境硏報 Vol.2 No.1

The effect of methanol extract of Equisetum arvense L.(EM) on blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat and acute toxicity of EM were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats(200∼250g), with free access to commercial rat chow and water, were divided into four groups: Group 1 served as control; Group 2 received STZ only: Group 3 received EM only; Group 4 received pretreatment with EM followed by STZ administration. EM did not affect the normal blood glucose level and LD50 was about 6,250㎎/㎏. EM pretreatment in STZ-induced diabetic rats slightly inhibited Weight loss and water consumption. EM pretreatment in STZ-induced diabetic rats slightly inhibited the rise of serum glucose concentration. Serum transaminase(AST, ALT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase(SDH) were slightly increased by STZ induced changes in the serum glucose level.

여성빈곤의 실태와 극복방안 : 도시 저소득층 여성을 중심으로 With Special Reference to Underprivileged Women in Urban Areas

이배용,박진숙,황은자,정현숙,이제진 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 1996 여성학논집 Vol.13 No.-

Since the 1960's, the rapid industrialization of Korea has been propelled full-scale by a handful of big business groups and effort- oriented trade, which has resulted in external and quantitative economic growth, but has also produced problems of poverty arising out of the unequal distribution of wealth. Industrialization led to impoverishment in rural areas and stimulated migration by the rural population to urban areas, who were marginalized, excluded from public sectors of labor market and led lives of poverty. In this context, a number of young Korean women were employed in the industrial sector as low waged and unskilled laborers to support their families. Women workers from poor families had to participate in economic activities from their youth in order to avoid "absolute poverty" and they grew up with economic, cultural, and educational limitations. After marriage, they still played crucial roles to maintain their poor families by taking charge of whole family subsistence, and/or trying to generate family income through part- time jobs. However, up to the present, academic concerns as well as governmental support for the underprivileged women have been limited. This study was started with this critical factor of women's rote in urban poor families in mind. It examines the women's conditions and how they can actively overcome their poverty, so as to lead qualitatively better lives, particularly through organizational activities. This paper, in the first place, surveys theories and research results on issues of poverty and various anti- poverty measures adopted by foreign countries such as U.K., USA, Germany, Japan, Taiwan and Singapore. Issues such as "feminization of poverty" and the "culture of poverty" are also discussed. Furthermore, existing research on poverty, including women's poverty in Korea, were examined to identify problems which have not been conceptualized so far. Genera1 living conditions of the poor were surveyed with emphasis on their unstable living conditions. Socio- economic and sexual discrimination were discussed in connection with the lives of underprivilged women. Alternatives were sought to solve the poverty problem. Women's organizations that have spontaneously formed in underprivileged areas and their communal economic activities were examined. The latter especially have turned out to be rewarding for those women who have only limited economic opportunities. It was not only helpful to them to generate income for their families, but also to realize the value of their labor, while having the pleasant experience of working together. Futhermore, through organizational activities, their communal consciousness and self-consciousness as women was promoted and their familial relationships were also altered for the better. Women could thus acquire self-confidence and become psychologically self-reliant members of their organization. These results show us tha4 women's organizations, especially those established in poor areas, are significant for the members, because they work as self-help groups preventing them from falling into pauperism in a situation where a relevant social welfare system is absent. Lastly, vocational traiillng programs and the rehabilitation funding system were examined and alternatives for re-vitalizing communal activities for women's organizations in poor communities were suggested as follows : Firstly, various communal economic activities, based on diverse aspects of women's lives, are needed. In doing so, Government should endeavor to construct a network between underprivileged women's organizations including their communal economic activity groups and "small and poor enterprises" which may employ them as well as provide workplaces for their communal activities. Also financial support by the Government, such as a rehabilitation fund which will be crucial for successfully implementing their small scale communal economic activities and/or loans in the long-term. Secondly, established vocational training programs should be reinforced. In order that vocational training programs may be functioned as an effective system of supporting the self-help groups of underprivileged women, more training programs should be developed and provided, based on an understanding of their lives and desires. In addition, for stimulating their positive/active participation in these programs, the following factors should be taken into account, i.e., educational/training programs should be held at welfare centers or women's centers located near their homes; development of programs for practical training and follow-up is needed; extension of child-care facilities for trainees; and group training programs for community women's organizations are also required. Thirdly, women living in underprivileged communities have psychological problems such as self-centeredness, heteronomy, and lack of communal consciousness, owing to their experionces in a distorted life, which sometimes hamper their communal economic activities. Accordingly, educational support to promote and encourage their communal consciousness and collective autonomy, as well as physical support, is essential. However, these inputs should be based on a deep understanding of the lives of underprivileged women, so that the policies are fruitful and rewarding. Therefore long-term plans, with the establishment of supportive agencies, involving community activists who share their lives with poor women over a long time, are required for solving these problems and eliminating women's poverty.

안성군 농촌지역의 취학전 어린이 영양에 관한 연구 : 제2보 : 이유실태조사 Dietary survey of weaning practices

이성희,이현자,강근옥 안성산업대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study was find out weaning practices for pre-school children in Ansung. This survey was performed by interview and questionnaire with 261 mothers, May.22 to June.19 of 1995. Following's are the conclusions of this survey: 1) The condition and health and sleep of infants were rather satisfactory. 2) only 52,5% of the subjects included began to be fed supplementary food before the age of 6 months. 3) As for methods of stopping breast feeding, 54.1% of the subjects were naturally terminated while 27.2% were forced to terminate by the application of sticking plaster of midicins to the mother's nipples 4) The reason that prevent them from weaning weaning was 48.3% of the dislikeness of their infants, 18.0% of the abonunance of breast milk, 15.0% of the having no time for it. 5) The motives for weaning were various such as; 77.6% of the breast milk no longer covers all nutriontal demand of the baby. 12.6% of the pregnancy during lactation. 5.8% of the insuffient secretion of breast milk to feed infants. 6) foodstuffs used in weaning is fruit juice (72.2%), beef(65.9%), egg(62.3%), rice gruel(61.1%), fish(59.8%), potato etc. 7) Most of the infants like fruit and fruit juice (22.2%), milk(18.6%), egg(16.4%), bread(14.6%), fish(12.3%), beef(10.5%), potato(5.6%) etc. 8) Most of the infants dislike hot taste (59.3%), carrot and vegetable, bean(23.7%) etc. If we review this survey, we could see that the mothers have little nutrition knowledgel of infants, nevertheles they were highly educated in this survey. The need of nutrition education is emphasized once more, because the difference is notable in the untrition management of infants according to their mother's education rank. Tht purchase in low price is needed urgently by mass production of adequate weaning foods.

菌株를 달리한 청국장의 製造에 關한 硏究(第1報) : 청국장메주 醱酵過程中의 成分과 酵素力

이현자,서정숙 韓國營養學會 1981 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.14 No.2

Bacillus natto 및 Bacillus subtilis 菌을 利用한 청국장메주 製造와 在來式方法에 依한 청국장메주 醱酵過程中의 成分과 酵素力을 比較檢討한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1) 發酵初期의 品溫이 50-55℃였으나 12時間後에 B. natto 와 B. subtilis 區는 48-52℃였고 在來式區는 40℃였다. 72時間頃에는 41-4℃로 試驗區에 따라서 品溫의 低下가 심하였다 . 2) ethyl alcohol과 還元糖은 12 時間頃에 最大値을 나타낸후에 滅少하는 경향이었으며 試驗區間의 差異는 거의 없었다. 3) pH 는 試驗區 모두 醱酵 12時間까지는 6.0이던것이 72時間頃에는 8.2 以上으로 나타났고 滴定酸度는 醱酵初期에 最大値를 나타냈다. 4) 아미노窒素와 水溶性窒素含量은 經時的으로 增加하는 傾向으로서 B. natto區, 在來式區, B.subtilis區의 順으로 높았다. 5) Amylase와 protease의 活性은 經時的으로 不規則的인 變化를 보였고 試驗區間의 差異가 없었으나 酵素活性은 大體로 微弱하였다. 本 實驗에서 B.natto 區가 청 국장메주 製造 菌株로서 成分과 官能面에서 優秀하였다. In order to study the changes of components and enzyme activities during Chungkookjang-Koji preparation, the Kojies were prepared with Bacillus Natto, Bacillus subtilis and traditional method. The temperature of Koji materials during Koji preparation was very different according to the experimental group. The content of ethyl alcohol, reducing sugar, amino nitrogen and water soluble nitrogen were changed by the Koji preparing stage and experimental group. Amylase and protease activities showed on irregular change on standing and their activities were not remarkably different among the groups and appeared weakly.

버팔로 뉴욕 주립대학교 부설 보육시설의 보육프로그램 운영실태

이현섭,김순자 진주산업대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

In this paper, Child Care Programs in the U. S. A and Child Care Programs operating at the University Buffalo Child Care Center, Inc. are analyzed. The above child care center are analyzed as following. 1. Basic Principles of Program 2. Personal Management 3. Admission & Enrollment 4. Safety Management 5. Health Management 6. Center Activities and Program Policies The above study result is as following. The University at Buffalo Child Care Center, Inc. is a private, not-for-profit organization, dependent primarily upon tuition (based on a sliding, scale) from parents. Special grants from State University of New York Central, and Governor's Office of Employee Relations of New York State Laber Management Child Care Advisory Committee (Civil Service Employees Association, Public Employees Federation, United University Professions, Council 82, and Management Confidential) provide additional support for continued operation. The University at Buffalo Child Care Center, Inc. does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, or handicapping condition.

B형 만성 활동성 간염 환자에서 Prednisolone 단기이탈 및 Alpha Interferon 병합요법의 효과

이종선,김병호,성자원,허승식,이기천,정현용,이헌영,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Pd withdrawal followed by recombinant alpha- Interferon 2b therapy. Nine patients were given a single daily subcutaneous injection of ^α-Interferon at a dose of 3 x 10 exp(6) units/day for first weeks and thrice weekly for next 15 weeks (maintenance) after pd tappered over 6 weeks. To evaluate the efficacy of therapy, we measured serum aminotransferase activities monthly during and after therapy, and also measured serm HBsAg, HBeAg and DNA probe before and after therapy. To evaluate the safety of therapy, all patients checked peripheral blood WBC, Hemoglobin, Platelet, BUN and Creatinine. The results were as follows : 1. In control group, the normalization of s-AST & ALT level, negative seroconversion of DNA probe & HBeAg were observed in 1/12(8%) & 7/10(17%), 0/10(0%) & 0/12(0%) at 6 months later, and maintained response in 1/11(9%) & 1/11(9%), 2/9(22%) & 2/11(18%) until 1 years later. 2. In treatment group, Serum AST and ALT returned to normal in 8/9 & 8/9 cases (89%) after 1 montns Tx. (mean serum AST : 33±8, ALT : 34±12 IU/ml) and maintained to normal response in 5/9(56%) & 6/9 cases(67%)after 6 months Tx. (mean s-AST : 55±43, ALT : 66±84 IU/ml), 3/9(33%) & 4/9 cases(44%) after 1 years Tx. It was statistically significant reponse except s-AST of after 1 years Tx. 3. In treatment group, s- HBeAg returned to normal in 3/9 cases(33%) after 1 months Tx., and maintained to normal response in 1/7 & 1/4 cases among follow up patients in after 6 & 12 months Tx. Serm DNA probe level were observed significantly negative seroconversion in 8/9 cases(89%) after 1 months Tx. (p<0.003), and maintained to negative response in 2/6 & 1/3 cases after 6 & 12 months Tx. 4. Serum AST, ALT, HBeAg and DNA probe were not significantly correlated with therapeutic response in relation to histologic diagnosis. 5. Fever and myalgia were noted in 9(100%) & 6(67%) cases. Headache, mild hair loss, anorexia, nausea, facial flushing & diarrhea were noted in few cases. Peripheral WBC(3cases) & platelet counts(3cases) were decreased transiently. This study shows that Pd withdrawal followed by recombinant alpha Interferon 2b therapy may be safe and effective in decrease the level of s-DNA probe, transaminase activity, loss of HBeAg and less adverse effect of clinical and hematologic examinations in patients with CAH type B. But it was necessary for study with large number of patients, more prolonged follow up duration and more strict control study.