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      • 현대패션에 표현된 스트라이프패턴의 이미지 분석

        신주동(Ju Dong Shin) · 김희숙(Hee Sook Kim) · 최종명(Jong Myoung Choi) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2008 생활과학연구논총 Vol.12 No.2

        The purpose of this study was to analyze the image of stripe pattern expressed in contemporary fashion. For this research, the fashion magazines, Dong-a TV, Internet sites were used as references. In the middle age, the use of stripe pattern was banned because it was regarded as the pattern of the devil in Europe. But nowadays the stripe pattern plays the role of symbolizing health, youth, and personality. The stripe pattern is being used in various kinds of patterns like alternate stripe, block stripe, candy stripe, chalk stripe, herringbone stripe, hombre stripe, pekin stripe, pin stripe, rope stripe, sports stripe, and stitch stripe. The stripe patterns were expressed by the techniques of weaving, printing, sewing, knitting, and embroidery. The image of stripe pattern appeared during 2006 S/S∼2008 S/S collections could be classified into five images of modern, mannish, elegant, exotic, and sporty image.

      • KCI등재

        기존의 치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이 대장암 환자에서 방사선조사와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료의 1, 2상 임상시험

        최영민(Youngmin Choi),이형식(Hyung-Sik Lee),권혁찬(Hyuk-Chan Kwon),한상영(Sang-Young Han),최종철(Jong-Cheol Choi),정주섭(Ju-Seop Chung),김창원(Chang-Won Kim),김동원(Dong-Won Kim),강치덕(Chi-Duk Kang) 대한방사선종양학회 2008 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.26 No.2

        목 적: 기존치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이를 동반한 대장암 환자에서 방사선치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역 치료의 독성과 반응도를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 5월부터 2006년 11월까지 다발성 간전이가 동반된 대장암 환자들 중에서 항암화학 요법에 반응하지 않은 환자 중 지원자를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 본 임상 시험에 대하여 동아대학교병원과 부산대학교병원의 임상윤리심의위원회의 허가를 획득하였고, 동의서에 서명한 환자들을 임상 시험의 대상으로 등록하였다. 환자의 말초 혈액으로부터 수지상세포를 추출하여 배양하였다. 임상시험 일자에 맞추어서 6×106개의 수지상세포를 바이알(0.5 ml)에 넣어서 디씨백/아이알 주사를 만들었다. 수지상세포 면역치료는 2주 간격으로 간전이암조직에 3회 주사하고, 5주에 내약성 평가를 하였다. 내약성 평가를 통과한 환자에게는 8주에 4번째 수지상세포 면 역치료를 하였다. 병의 악화가 없거나 임상시험에 대한 환자의 동의 철회가 없는 경우에는 5, 6번째 수지상세포면역치료를 각각 12, 16주에 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 수지상세포 면역치료를 주사할 간전이암 부위에 주사하기 전일 및 당일에 4 Gy씩을 조사하였다. 내약성 평가는 3×106개의 수지상세포로부터 시작하여, 12×106개의 수지상세포까지 시행하였다. 내약성 평가의 최대 내성 용량으로 추가 임상시험을 하였다. 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 맞은 모든 환자들에서 안전성 평가를 하였다. 4회 이상 주사를 맞은 환자들을 대상으로 10주에 치료 반응을 평가하여 유효성을 조사하였다. 결 과: 임상시험에 등록한 24명 중 22명에서 수지상세포 면역치료를 시행하였다. 내성약 평가에는 14명이 등록하여 11명에서 평가를 완료하였다. 시험약과의 관련성이 있을 것으로 생각되는 grade 3 이상의 약물반응으로 인한 이상반응은 없었다. 12×106개의 수지상세포를 내성용량으로 확인하였고, 내성용량인 12×106개 수지상세포 면역치료를 이용하여 8명에서 추가로 시험을 하였다. 치료에 대한 환자들의 내성은 양호하였고, grade 3을 초과하는 치명적인 부작용은 발생되지 않았다. 4회 이상의 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 받은 환자가 17명이었고, 이 중의15명에서는 종양의 반응도 평가가 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 목적은 안전성 평가이지만, 면역치료의 유효성 평가를 위해, 방사선치료와 수지상세포 면역치료 주사가 시행된 부위 외의 간전이암에서 반응도를 조사 하였다. 면역치료의 반응은 평가가 이루어진 환자들에서 정지성 병변이 4명, 진행성 병변이 11명 이었다. 결 론: 수지상세포 면역치료와 병행한 방사선치료는 이론적으로 국소 및 전신 제어에 상승효과가 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 하지만 기존 치료에 반응하지 않는 매우 진행된 직장암 환자들을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서는 방사선 치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료로 인한 심각한 부작용의 발생은 없었다는 결과와 4예에서의 정지성 병변의 관찰을 보고한다. 수지상세포의 최대 투여 용량, 적절한 투여 방법, 적절한 방사선의 양, 방사선과 수지상 세포의적절한 투여 간격 등에 관한 추가 연구를 통하여, 향후 제 2상, 3상 시험으로서의 진행 여부에 긍정적인 결과를얻을 수 있다고 판단한다. Purpose: To assess the toxicity and tumor response induced by DCVac/IRⓇ dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy combined with irradiation for refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Between May 2004 and November 2006, applicants from a pool of refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases were enrolled. The patients were registered after having signed the informed consent form, which had been approved by the Institutional Review Board from the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. DCs were obtained from peripheral blood of each patient, and then cultured in vitro. A total of 6×106 DCs were packed into a vial (DCVac/IRⓇ, 0.5 ml) at the convenience of each patient’s schedule. On the day before and on the day of each vaccination, each patient received a 4 Gy radiation dose to the target tumor. On the day of vaccination, the indicated dose of autologous DCs was injected into the irradiated tumor using ultrasound-guided needle injection procedures. A total of four vaccinations were scheduled at three 2-week intervals and one 4 week interval at the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. If the tumor status was deemed to be stable or responding to therapy, an additional vaccination dose or two was approved at 4 week intervals beyond the fourth immunization. A tolerance test for DCs was conducted by injecting a range of doses (3×106 to 12×106 DCs) after the 3rd injection. Moreover, the maximal tolerable dose was applied to additional patients. Treatment safety was evaluated in all patients who had at least one injection. Treatment feasibility was evaluated by the 10th week by assessing the response of patients having at least 4 injections. For systemic toxicities, the evaluation was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, whereas adverse effects were recorded using common WHO toxicity criteria. Results: Of the 24 registered patients, 22 received the DCs injections. Moreover, of the 14 patients that applied for the tolerance test, only 11 patients completed it because 3 patients withdrew their testing agreement. A grade 3 or more side effect, which was possibly related to the DC injection, did not occur in additional patients. The 12×106 DC injection was identified as the maximum tolerable dose, and was then injected in an additional 8 patients. Patients tolerated the injection fairly well, with no fatal side effects. In order to assess the feasibility of DC immunotherapy, the response was evaluated in other hepatic lesions outside of the targeted hepatic lesion. The response evaluation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients who received at least 4 injections. Stable and progressive disease was found in 4 and 11 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The DC-based immunotherapy and radiotherapy is theoretically synergistic for the local control and systemic control. The DCVac/IRⓇ immunotherapy combined with irradiation was tolerable and safe in the evaluated cases of refractory colorectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Future work should include well designed a phase II clinical trials

      • KCI등재

        열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

        배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

        Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재
      • 絶對基準 學力平價道具의 開發에 關한 한 基礎硏究 -筆答檢査 問項作成上의 諸變因이 評價結果에 미치는 影響-

        崔東俊, 崔鶴柱 공주교육대학교 초등연구원 1978 公州敎大論叢 Vol.14 No.2

        이 연구는 絕對基準 學力評價道具의 製作배 기여하혀는 의도에서,筆答檢査 問璜ft成보의 諸變因이 評價 結果에 미치는 影響을 검토하였는 바,얻어진 結論은 다음과 같다. (1) 일반적인 評價事態에서 일정한 目標陳述에 의거하여도 다른 問項이 만들외지고, 따라서 成績이 달라는 질 가능성이 있다. 이 러한 成績의 差를 빚는 變因으로서 目標,準據,素材,場面,構成의 5 가지가 인정된다. (2) 目標가 어떻게 把握되느냐에 따른 評價結果의 差가 확실히 인정된다. 이러한 目標變因은 內容領域과 系列 및 行動의 分類가 미흡하거나 陳述이 모호할수록 크게 作用한다. (3) 目標成就의 期待水準이 어느 정도아냐에 따른 評價結果의 差가 확실히 인정된다. 이러한 準據變因은、 成就水準의 質的, 量的 陳述이 모호할 경우에 크게 作用하며,質的 目標에서 더 문제가 된다. (4) 問項의 材料로서 어떤 內容을 택하느냐에 따른. 評價結果의 差가 확실히 인정된다. 이러한 素材變因은 自標의 明細化가 미흡하고 高等한 能力을 다룰 경우일수록 문제가 되며, 특히 素稜의 源泉이 敎科書內냐 敎 科書外냐에 따른 差가 뚜렷하다. (5) 問題解決의 場을 어떤 狀況으로 마련하느냐에 따른 評價結果의 差가 인정된다. 이러한 場面變因의 影 響은 단순한 場面과 복잡한 場面 사이,記憶에 의존하는 場面과 資料解釋이 요구되는 場面 사이에서 뚜렷 하다. (6) '問項을 어떻게 꾸미느냐에 따른 評價結果의 差가 인정된다. 이러한 構成變因의 影響은 短答型과 選多 型 사이 및 選多型의 다른 答肢構成 사이에서 드러났다. (7) 問項作成上의 여러 刺戟變因은 서로 밀접히 聯關되고,대개 複合的으로 作用한다. 각 變因이 실제로 影響을 미치는 정도는 경우에 따라 다르나,대체로 手段的인 變因(素材, 場面, 構成)보다 目的的인 變因(目 標,準據)의 影響이 큰 경향이다. This study is to clarify theoretical characteristics of criterion-referenced evaluation and to examine the effect of the variables in the making of paper-pencil tests on achievement scores in order to improve the instrument for criterion-referenced evaluation. The findings are as follows: 1) It is possible that different items based on the same objective can be made and accordingly the resulting scores can be different. The variables for the different scores are the level of objectives, achievement criter- ion, item materials, suggestions for the solution of items, and the type of items. 2) The level of objectives recognized by the teacher is an important variable for the difference of achievement scores; the difference of scores are greatest when the content and behavior in the classification of objectives and their sequences are ambiguously- recognized and stated. 3) The expected achievement criterion is an important variable for the difference of achievement scores; the difference of achievement scores are greatest when the achiev- ement criterion is ambiguously stated qualitatively or quantitatively, especially qualita- tively. ' 4) The materials used in making items are an important variable for the difference of achievement scores; the difference of achievement scores are greatest when objectives are unsatisfactorily specified and higher mental ability, measured, and the materials are taken from outside the text-book. 5) The given suggestions for the solution of items are an important variable for the difference of achievement scores; the difference of achievement scores are greater in the complex problem-solving situation than in the simple situation, and in the data- analyzing situation than in the situation in which memory is mainly relied upon. 6) The type of items is an important variable for the difference of achievement scores; the achievement scores differ between the multiple-choice type and the short answer type, and are different according to the construction of responses in the case of the multiple-choice type. 7) The above-mentioned variables are intimatively interrelated. In general, the obje- ctive variable such as the variable of the objective level and the variable of the achi- evement criterion is more important than the instrument variable such as the variable of item materials, the variable of the suggestions for the solution items, and the vari- able of the item type.

      • Table Feeder의 連續定量供給에 關하여 (Ⅱ)

        崔東珪,鄭炅樂,金起柱 全北大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

        A Continuous Uniform Feeding method is studied with a modified table feeder. The table feeder examined has either two or three scrapers. Powders used in the experiment are talc, calcium carbonate, and quartzsand covering a wide range of flow ability. Precision of feeding is tested with particular attention to characteristics of the feeder and properties of powders discharged. Furthermore, with respect to testing methods of feeder, the effect of characteristics of the feeder and properties of powders discharged on the precision is studied both experimentally and theoretically. As a result, variation of precision with characteristics of the feeder and properties of powders discharged becomes clear even when the powder flow rate has a periodic fluctuation.

      • KCI등재
      • 원자력 발전소의 환경법적 이해 : 영광원자력 발전소를 중심으로

        최형일,김동주,정경훈 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 1999 環境公害硏究 Vol.15 No.-

        The results are as follows ; 1. It is necessary to improve the appraisal system for how radiation environmental impact assessment in the preparatory stage, when the nuclear power plant is under construction. The administrative agency should take the charge of making out the evaluation of the influence of radiation and be able to gather not only the opinions of civil environmental entities. It should read just system to observe the content of the environmental impact assessment. 2. Of course the neighboring residents are at odds with the mobilized construction crew due to the bad effects of noise, vibration, dust and so on during construction and they are concerned about their health due to accumulated bad effect. Consequently, we need to analyze whether we should keep to a strict the level of radiation discharge or not. 3. The atomic waste does not come under the rule of waste countrol but of atomic energy control. Due to the insufficiency of regulations about the safty of atomic waste and proper management, it is necessary to have stricter atomic waste control administration. 4. There are no regulations on heat pollution under our environmental law at this time. Therefore, we need legislation about heat pollution incruding the matter of discharge water from an nuclear power plant. 5. Countermeasure are necessary for closed-down nuclear reactors. Technical know-how concerning this is not sufficient on the international level. Related legislation is also need.

      • 28세 여성에서 Epinephrine 국소 주사 후 발생한 스트레스성 심근병증 1예

        임주견,곽성동,박재영,천재홍,최성열,차태준,이준상 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.1

        Stress induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction with typical regional wall motion abnormality of basal segment hyperkinesia and apical hypokinesia after physical or psychological stress. Stress induced cardiomyopathy mimics acute myocardial infarction but coronary angiography shows normal and usually recovers rapidly. Stress induced cardiomyopathy appears to occur almost exclusively in old females. Only a few cases have been reported in younger women but not yet in korea. The pathogenesis is not well known. Currently, it is thought that catecholamine may play important role. Especially, epinephrine may be most important catecholamine in the pathogenesis of steress induced cardiomyopathy. We report a case of stress induced cardiomyopathy occurred in young female after local epinephrine injection for hemostasis during tonsillectomy. 스트레스성 심근병증은 고령의 여성에서 주로 발생하며 카테콜라민 중 특히 epinephrine이 병리기전의 주요한 원인의 하나로 생각되어지고 있다. 저자들은 28세의 젊은 여성에서 편도절제술 도중 지혈을 목적으로 epinephrine을 국소 주사한 후 발생한 스트레스성 심근병증 1예를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

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