부산지역에서 산재보상을 신청한 과로사에 관한 연구

남연,오차재,박정래,이동준,조병만,이수일 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

목 적 : 부산지역의 근로복지공단에서 1991년부터 1999년까지 과로사 관련 보상심사가 이뤄진 총 219례를 대상으로 과로사의 발생양상과 그 인정여부에 영향을 밀치는 요인을 밝힘으로써 향후 과로사 관련 연구의 기초적 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 부산지역의 3개 근로복지공단 지사에 소장된 과로사 심사기록을 대상으로 재해자의 인구통계학적 변수와 소속사업장과 근무환경에 대한 변수, 사망원인질환과 기존질병력, 업무상 과중부하의 성격과 분류, 직무수행성과 직무기인성 여부에 대해 조사하였다. 그리고 행정기관의 과로사 인정에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 평가하였다. 결 과 : 1. 전체 219례 중 135례(61.6 %)가 과로사로 인정을 받았으며, 96년 이후 매년 50례 이상의 보상신청이 이뤄져 왔다. 전체의 30.6 %가 50인 미만의 영세사업장 소속이었고, 직업운전사와 경비 직종이 34.7 %로 높았다. 연령층은 50대 이상이 48.8 % 였고, 하루 12시간 이상의 근무자가 29.6 % 였다. 근무형태에서는 교대근무와 심야근무 등의 불규칙 근무형태가 37.5 %였으며, 새로운업무에 배치된 지 6개월 이내에 발생한 경우가 21.5 %였다. 2. 사망원인으로는 뇌출혈 등의 뇌혈관계 질환이 전체의 49.8 %로 심장질환보다 많았고, 현행법령상의 인정범위에 속하는 경우가 85.4 %였다. 또한 선행질병력이 48.9 %에서 나타났는데, 대다수가 고혈압 등의 순환기 질환으로 확인되어 이들 병력자들의 보건관리에 중점을 둘 필요를 보였다. 3. 운전과 감시·정밀작업, 위험작업, 잦은 장기 출장 등의 위험요인에 노출된 경우가 전체의 53.9 %였고, 재해에 선행된 돌발사건이 전체의 17.8 %에서 관찰되었다. 업무상 과중부하에서 업무량증가와 업무시간연장이 전체의 64.7 % 였고, 6개월 이상의 장기적인 육체적, 정신적 과중부하가 있었던 경우가 42.5 %였다. 이 결과로 볼때 현행 법령상의 장기적인 과로에 대한 인정범위가 보다 확대되어야 할 필요를 보여준다. 4. 과중부하가 발생에 기여한 것으로 평가된 예가 전체의 76.3 %로 실제 인정율보다 높았다. 이중 충분요인으로 작용한 경우가 43.6 %, 부분요인인 경우가 10.4 %, 변경·촉진요인인 경우가 22.3 %였다. 5. 과로사 인정여부와 각 변수간의 로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 해당 업무의 근무경력이 6개월미만인 경우가 교차비 6.76(p=0.016), 사망질환이 법규상의 뇌심혈관계질환에 포함되는 경우가 교차비 3.00(p=0.034)을로 유의하게 높았다. 업무상 과중부하의 증가가 있는 경우는 교차비가 2.02로 높았으나 통계적 유의성은 다소 낮았다(p=0.081). 반면 50대 이상의 고령층과 기존 병력자의 경우는 상대적으로 불인정되는 경향을 보여 현행 행정기관의 인정기준이 과로에 민감한 대상층을 포괄하지 못하고 있음을 보여주었다. 결 론 : 부산지역에서의 과로사는 주로 50인 미만의 영세사업장 중 운전업, 경비업 등에 종사하는 40대 이상의 중·고령층 근로자에서 많았다. 재해자중 다수에서 뇌·심혈관계질환 병력이 확인되었고, 행정기관의 과로사 인정에는 법규상 인정범위의 뇌·심혈관계질환으로 사망한 경우와 재해자의 근무경력이 6개월 미만인 경우에서 인정되는 경우가 의미있게 높았다. 반면 기존 질병력이 있거나 50대 이상의 고령층의 경우 과로사로 인정되지 못하는 경우가 보다 많게 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 장기적인 과로와 과중부하를 유발하는 고위험직업에서의 과로사 빈도가 높아 현행 법규상의 과로인정기간의 범위를 넓혀야 할 것이고 직업에 대한 고려를 포함하는 인정기준의 검토와 개선이 요구된다. 그리고 과로사를 예방하기 위하여 업무시간 및 업무량의 개선과 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Onjectives : Karoshi is a word meaning death from work-overload. Work-related diseases due to continuous overwork are primarily cerebro- and cardio-vascular in nature. In korea, despite an increase in the incidence of Karoshi, it is not easy to recognise by workmen's compensation in Korea. This study intended to establish basic information concerning the incidence of Karoshi. Methods : 219 cases were collected based on workers' compensation records of three Busan Regional Centers of Labor Welfare Corporation from 1991 to 1999. The size of workplace, occupation, daily working time, type of working schedule, job tenures, characters of work-overload and duration of work-overload were investigated according of subgroups of general characterictics. Both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were userd to estimate the relationship between risk factors and a recognition of Karoshi. Results :1. 61.6 % of total cases were recognized as Karoshi. 30.6 % occurred in a small workplace of less than 50 workers, 34,7 % were drivers or guardss, and 48,8 % were more than 50 years old. Additionally, 29.6 % worked more than 12 hours, 37.5 % were irregular hours and shift workers and 21.5 % of the total had been on the job less than 6 months. 2. Of the causes of death, 49,8 % was cerebro-vascular diseases and it was more than cardio-vascular ones. And 80.4 % of total cases was belonged to the recognition-category of the Labour Ministry's Law. The previous desease history was found on 49.8 % of all cases. Of them, hypertension was most common as 21.9 %. 3. 53.9 % of patients were exposed to job hazards such as driving, monitoring, guarding, risky jobs and frequent long-term official trips. 64.7 % recorded a increased work-overload of job contents and working hours. Of the several types of work-overload, 42.5 % displayed long-term physical and psychotic work-overload and 22.2 % exhibited job characteristic work-overload. 4. In this study, work-overload was associated with the incidence of Karoshi in 76.3 % of cases. This rate was higher than the recognition of Workmen's compensation recorded by the Korea Labor Welfate Corporation. Of these, 43.6 % belonged to sufficient factors, 10.4 % partial factors, and 22.3 % were due to aggravating factors. 5. Logistic regression demonstrated that death due to cerebro- and cardio-vascular disease, short-tenure within 6 month was significantly associated with a recognition of Karoshi (p=0.034, OR=3.00, CI=1.09~8.30/p=0.016, OR=6.76, CI=1.43~32.07 respectively) and that an increase of work-overload was also associated, but its statistical significance was slightly lower(p=0.081, OR=2.02, CI=0.91~4.46). However, no association was found between this recognition and overtime work, hazardous job, irregular work schedule, low-income, injury-onset place, or small size of workplace. The elderly group(>50years old) and those with a previous disease history were negatively associated with recognition although the statistical associaltion was low. Conclusions : Karoshi in Busan occurred frequently in a small workplace of less than 50 workers, especially drivers or guards. Additionally, these cases worked more than 12 hours, were irregular hours and shift workers. The death due to cerebro- and cardio-vascular disease, short-tenure within 6 month was significantly associated with a recognition of Karoshi. However Karoshi in this study occurred frequently in overtime work and high risk groups of work-overload. Therefore, for prevention of Karoshi, work-overload and overtime work need improved and controled.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

서울시내 고등학교 위탁급식의 급식비와 투자비의 실태 및 위탁업체의 기대수준 비교 분석

양일선,배환미,김현아,신서영,조미나,박수연,차진아,이보숙 한국식생활문화학회 2002 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.17 No.5

The purposes of this study were to a) find out the operational characteristics of the contract-managed highschool foodservice in Seoul, b) investigate the expected level of meal-price and facilities investment cost perceived by contract-managed highschool foodservice managers c) compare the present level and expected level of meal-price and facilities investment cost. From October 12 to November 13 in 2001, the questionnaires were mailed to 249 high schools which was managed by contract foodservice company with respondent rate 40.2%. Data were analyzed using SPSS Win(10.0) for descriptive analysis and one group paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The student enrollment of highschools run by contract-managed foodservice was 1,243 with 72.6% participation rate of school lunch program. The average meal-price was 2,138 won. The average annual period of school foodservice operation was 156.78 days per year. The average contracting period was about 3 years. 2. The average cost concerned in the facilities investment amounts 169,578,180 won at the initial investment and 25,204,092 won at the repairs and maintenance cost in the course of operation. 3. The present level of meal-price and facilities investment cost were respectively 2,136won/meal and 171,157,336.72 won. And expected level.of meal-price and amount of facilities investment cost were 2,418.75 won and 121,353,215.19 won. Comparing the present level with expected level of the meal-price and facilities investment cost, expected level of meal-price was significantly higher than the present level of meal-price(p<.001) and expected level of facilities investment cost was significantly lower than present level of facilities investment cost(p<.001).

Mussel Adhesive Protein Nanoparticle-based Spray Therapeutic System for Focal Cancer Therapy

Yeon Su JEONG,So Yeon JEONG,Bum Jin KIM,Yun Kee JO,Key Il JOO,Hyung Jeeon CHA 한국생물공학회 2018 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.4

Direct conversion of β-Ga₂O₃ thin films to β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires by annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere

Cha, Su Yeon,Ahn, Byeong-Gon,Kang, Hyon Chol,Lee, Su Yong,Noh, Do Young Elsevier 2018 Ceramics international Vol.44 No.14

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the annealing process of Au/β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films in a hydrogen atmosphere leading to a direct conversion of β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films to β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanowires (NWs). Annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere results in the evaporation of β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films, which are subsequently converted to β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NWs through the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process assisted by Au nanocrystals. The VLS growth starts at 600 °C and progresses with increase in the annealing temperature to 800 °C. β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NWs are formed on the surface of the host β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films, resulting in the formation of a homogeneous β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NW/β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> thin film structure. Based on structural analyses using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, a possible mechanism for the growth of β-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NWs is presented.</P>

The opening efficiency of the miniaturized large-scale fishing gear to reduce the fleet size

Young-Su AN,Young-su BACK,Song-han JIN,Choong-Sik JANG,Myoung-hee KANG,Bong-jin CHA,Youn-Hyoung CHO,Bo-Yeon KIM,Ju-hyeng CHA 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2017 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2017 No.11

도시 주거공간 내 가로협곡의 기하학적 특성이 열쾌적성에 미치는 영향 - 의사결정나무 분석 방법으로 -

차수연(Cha, Su-Yeon),오규식(Oh, Kyu-Shik) 대한건축학회 2020 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.36 No.12

This study analyzed the impact of the geometry of Urban Street Canyons (USCs) on citizens’ thermal comfort in order to manage urban spaces in response to the deterioration of the urban thermal environment due to climate change. Aspect ratio, formed by the height of buildings and width of streets, and street orientation were selected as the geometric characteristics of USCs. PET at 1.5m height calculated by ENVI-met, the microclimate simulation software, was chosen to determine the parameter of thermal comfort. Using the decision tree analysis, USCs of the case study area were classified into 10 nodes according to the geometry and thermal perception of each USCs. In addition, PET by each node derived by segmentation was analyzed over time. As a result, thermal comfort was found to differ according to the shadow generation rate of the streets - the higher the shadow generation rate, the more comfortable the thermal environment. More specifically, first, the higher the aspect ratio is, the more thermal comfort is found. Second, the more parallel the street orientation is and according to the direction of sunlight, the less thermal comfort is determined. Third, the impact of street orientation is indicated clearly when the aspect ratio is between 1.471 to 2.209. These results can be applied to establishing urban form, framed by building and street or for redeveloping street spaces in consideration to the thermal environment.

Duchenne/Becker 근이영양증에서의 Dystrophin 유전자 분석

박수연(Su Yeon Park) 고경남(Kyung Nam Koh) 임병찬(Byung Chan Lim) 강호석(Ho Seok Kang) 이경연(Kyoung Yeon Lee) 황희(Hee Hwang) 채종희(Jong Hee Chae) 최지은(Ji Eun Choi) 김기중(Ki Joong Kim) 황용승(Yong Seun Hwang) 대한소아신경학회 2004 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 국내 Duchenne/Becker 근이영증에서의 dystrophin 유전자 결실은 빈도 및 그 분포를 알아보고 유전형과 임상형의 관계를 분석하여, 국내 유전 역학 자료를 마련하고 좀 더 효과적인 유전 상담 및 예방 방법을 모색해보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1999년 1월부터 2003년 7월까지 서을대학교병원에서 상기 질환으로 진단 후 추적 관찰중인 89명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 임상 진단 후 근생검을 시행, dystrophin 면역조직화학 염색을 하였으며 dystrophin 유전자 결실은 혈액에서 추출한 DNA를 이용, multiplex PCR 방법을 이용하여 진단하였다. 결과 : 국내 DMD/BMD 환자의 dystrophin 유전자 결실률은 54%였고, 결실 부위의 hot spot은 exon 44-54 부위로 전체 결실 환자의 80%를 차지하였다. 결실이 확인되지 않았던 22명의 환자에서 23개의 exon을 대상으로 직접염기서열 분석을 시행한 결과 6명의 환자에서 6종류의 점돌연변이를 발견하였다. 유전형과 임상형의 관계에 대한 분석 결과 중심형 결실이 근위형에 비해, 다중 결실이 단일 결실에 비해 증상 발생 연령이 어리고 진행이 다소 빠른 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 관련성은 찾을 수 없었다. 결론 : 국내 DMD/BMD 환자의 결실률은 54%였으며 hot spot은 exon 44-54였다. 따라서 혈액 유전자 검사로 진단할 수 없는 약 50%의 환자의 진단을 위해서는 근생검 및 dystrophin 항체 면역 조직화학 검사를 통한 진단이 시행되어야 할 것이다. 또한 세밀한 가족력 조사를 포함하여 적절한 보인자 검사를 통해 합리적인 유전 강담을 진행하고 이에 기초한 질병 발생 예방 및 교육 등이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose : Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy(DMD/BMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations of dystrophin genes. The purpose of the present study is to determine the frequency and the patterns of dystrophin gene deletions and to investigate the correlation of genotypes and phenotypes. Methods : There were included a total of 89 children(88 boys and I girl) diagnosed as DMD/BMD by immunohistochemistry and/or genetic analysis from 1999 to 2003 at Seoul National University Children´s Hospital. We analyzed the genomic DNA by multiplex PCR using a 26 dystrophin exon primer set. Direct sequencing was performed on 23 exons(in which point mutations were detected in other previous reports) in 22 patients without deletions. Phenotype and genotype relationship analysis was performed on the basis of retrospective clinical reviews. Results : The frequency of dysmorphin gene deletions was 54%(32/59), which is lower than that of European and American data. Exon deletions were detected in 59 cases and the deletion "hot spots" were exon 44-54 constituting 80% of all deletions. In 6 cases without detectable deletions, 6 point mutations(3 nonsense mutations and 3 nucleotide variants) were detected The patients whose deletions were in the central parts or the patients with multiple exon deletions tended to show earlier symptom onsets and more rapid progressions of weakness but there were no statistical significances. Conclusion : Since deletions in dystrophin genes were detected in about 50% of the patients, studies on dystrophin protein expressions using muscle biopsy samples must be done for correct diagnosis.

The opening efficiency of the existent net of the anchovy boat seine

Young-Su AN,Young-su BACK,Song-han JIN,Choong-Sik JANG,Myoung-hee KANG,Bong-jin CHA,Youn-Hyoung CHO,Bo-Yeon KIM,Ju-hyeng CHA 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2017 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2017 No.11

선단축소를 위한 기선권현망 축소형 소형어구의 전개성능

안영수 ( Young-su An ),백영수 ( Young-su Back ),진송한 ( Song-han Jin ),장충식 ( Choong-sik Jang ),강명희 ( Myoung-hee Kang ),차봉진 ( Bong-jin Cha ),조윤형 ( Youn-hyoung Cho ),차주형 ( Ju-hyeng Cha ),김보연 ( Bo-yeon Kim ) 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2019 수산해양기술연구 Vol.55 No.1

This study was conducted in order to improve opening efficiency of the miniaturized small-scale net for anchovy boat seine gear to reduce the fleet size. Field experiment was performed to observe geometry of nets by catcher boats. When the distance between the two ships was 150, 300 and 450 m and the speed of towing nets was 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 kt, the vertical opening and actual opening of each part of the miniaturized small-scale net was as follows: the front part of the wing net, 6.8-9.5 m, 45-63%; the middle part of the wing net, 16.1-30.7 m, 34-65%; the entrance of the inside wing net, 21.6-41.2 m, 44-84%; the square and bosom, 17.4-34.0 m, 38-75%; the entrance of the body net, 16.5-29.4 m, 36-64%; the entrance of the bag net, 14.5-21.9 m, 70-106%; the flapper, 6.7-7.7 m, 81-83%, and the end of the bag net, 8.6-10.9 m, 64-81%. The tension of towing nets was measured to be 2,734-6,812 kg approximately, which indicates that the fleet can tow nets with 350 hp, the standard engine horse power. The fishing operation time was shortened comparing to existent net with the large-scale buoy attachment operation. It was also possible to operate the ship without fish detecting boat.