Effects of Zn Diffusion from (Zn,Mg)O Buffer to CIGS Film on the Performance of Cd-Free Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Solar Cells

Lee, Chang-Soo,Kim, Suncheul,Al-Ammar, Essam A.,Kwon, HyuckSang,Ahn, Byung Tae The Electrochemical Society 2014 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.3 No.6

<P>A diffusion of Zn into the CIGS film and its effects on the device performance were investigated when the atomic layer deposited (Zn,Mg)O film was used as a buffer layer of CIGS solar cells. SIMS and ICP mass analysis showed that the Zn concentration in the CIGS film was increased with increasing ALD process time. The hole concentration in the CIGS film was decreased by Zn incorporation. It was suggested that open circuit voltage degradation in CIGS cell with Zn incorporation was mainly due to enhanced recombination by Zn defects instead of Fermi-level change. The results suggest that the ALD process should be as short as possible to avoid Zn diffusion. On the other hand, a small amount of Zn incorporation on the surface of the CIGS film by post rapid thermal annealing of a (Zn,Mg)O/CIGS cell at 200°C showed an increased cell performance. However, excess Zn incorporation on the surface of the CIGS film caused degradation of cell performance due to the generation of a new defect. The generation of a deep-level defect and the change of the minority carrier lifetime were characterized by low-temperature PL and time-resolved PL, respectively. The cell performance was correlated with these results.</P>

안구적출에 따른 위둔덕의 칼슘결합단백질의 재구축 및 상호 연관성

안병수,고길석,안명수,김경주,권안성,정명섭,박춘매,조병옥,김진우,Samudra Acharya,Parmeshwar Narayan Amatya,장인엽 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.1

Background: Superior colliculus is a part of midbrain, and participates in the visual reflexes, It receives afferent fibers from optic nerve, visual cortex, and spinotectal tract. After optic deprivation, the microscopic structure of the superior colliculus changed. Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) Play an important role in the neuronal protection, differentiation and reorganization of the central nervous system, Objectives and Methods: The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentation on a CBPs, calbindm D-28k (CB), Parvalbumin (PB) and calretimn (CR), and the existence of colocalization between the CBPs were examined immunohistochemically in the rat superior colliculus. Results: On the experimental (contralateral to enucleation) side of superior colliculus, the number of CB-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced (77.4% compared to control), but not fibers. The number of PB-IR neurons and fibers was also reduced on the experimental side (88.5% compared to control), In the other hand, the CR-IR cells were dramatically increased (642% compared to control), but CR-IR fibers were markedly decreased on the experimental side. The colocalization between CB-CR and PV-CR was rarely observed in the superior colliculus Conclusion: These results suggest that the changes of retinotectal projection may alter the expressional pattern of CBPs in different manners; relatively stable in CB- and PV-IR neurons and plastic in CR-IR neurons.

생약제제인 이공산(異功散)의 Cisplatin 유도 신장독성 보호 및 항산화 효과

Lee, Kyung-Tae,Ahn, Kyoo-Seok,Chang, Sung-Goo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Jung, Jee-Chang 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung-Tae Lee, Kyoo-Seok Ahn¹, Sung-Goo Chang², Soo-Myung Oh²and Jee-Chang Jung²¹College of Pharmacy, ²Oriental Medicine and ³College of Medicine, and East-West Medical Reserch Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Preventive and Antioxidative Effects of Crude Drug Preparation(E-kong-san) on Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 201-211, 1999. -Nephroprotective effects of a crude drug-prearation (E-kong-san) were determined from cisplatin on rabbit kidney proximal tubule and human renal cortical cells by MTT assays and sustained glucose consumption on ciplatin-induced human renal cortical tissue. Levels of creatinine and blood ure nitrogen(BUN) in serum after administration of cisplatin(0.75mg/kg,i.p.) to E-kong-san(0.75g/kg/day,p.o.)-pretreated rats were markedly lower compared to those of cisplatin-treated rats. Moreover, the administration of E-kong-san significantly inhibited the loss of body weight of cisplatin injected rts. These findings suggest that E-kong-san on the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity led us to investigate whether the effect of this water extract was a result of anti-oxidation. E-kong-san showed strong free radical scavenger activities on 1,1-dipheny1-2picrylhydrazil(DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase(XOD) generated superoxide anion radical(O2-). We further studied the effects of E-kong-san on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes induced by enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods. E-kong-san exhibited significant inhibition on both ascorbic acid/Fe2+and ADP/NADPH/Fe3+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Based on these results, we suggest that-E-kong-san attenuate the cisplatin induced cytotoxicity and its mechanism can be eplained by antioxidant.

천연물이 간대사에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구(Ⅱ)

최기환,김순선,박윤주,안미령,서수경,신윤용,김동섭,장영섭 식품의약품안전청 1997 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.1 No.-

천연물이 간대사에 미치는 영향페 대한 연구의 일환으로 세계 전 지역에서 널리 사용되고 잇으며 우리나라에서도 사용빈도가 높으나 간염등 간질환 유발사레가 보고되고 있는 마황, 황금 및 샐제 임상에서 이들 생약과 복합해서 자주 사용죄고 있는 대황을 선정하여, 띠들 천연물의 투여가 간 대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 대황,마황, 황금 수침액을 1.09/kg의 용량으로 럿드에 7일간 경구 투여하고,최종투여 24시간 후 랫드의 간을 적출하였다. 간 대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위한 모질약뿔인 7-etliokycournarin을 적출간에 과관류하면서 2시간동안 일정시간 간격으로 관류액을 채취하여 생성된 7-ethoxycoumarin의 대사체인 7-hydroxycoin, glucuronide 포합체, sulfate포합체를 대조군과 배교 관찰하였다. 또한 긴독성 지표로서 혈청 ALT, AST를 측정하였으며 적출관류간에 대해 lipid peronidation 정도를 살펴보고 ÷t직병리검사를 실시하였다. 대촹 투여군에서는 7-ethoxycoumarin의 gulcuronidation이 갛소하였고fP<0.01), 마황투여군에서는 7-ethoxycoumarin의 o-deethylation이 증가하였다(P<0.01). 이러한 7-ethoxycoumariu 대사의 변화가 대황, 마황에 의한 관련 효소의 생합성 증가/감소에 의한 것인지 여부를 살펴보고자 일착로 CYPIAI, Ct'P2Bl CDHA primer를 사용하여 적출관류간 소포체에서 mRNA level을 측정하였다.마황투옥군에서 CVPIAI mRNA level의 증가가 관찰되었지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 또한 이들 천연물에 의한 간독성 유발여부를 비교 평가한 결과 혈청 ALT 및 AST는 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 만성 간염정도를 나타내는 지표인 ALT/AST ratio는 마황 투여군에ㅓ 대조군에 비하여 유으한 차이를 나타내었고 대황투여군에서 간소포체내 lipid Peroxidation(MDA production)이 대조군에 비해 증가하였다.반면 조직학적 관찰결과는 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 랫드에서 대황 투여에 의해 7-ethoxycoumarin gtucuronidation이 감소되었으며, 마황 투여에 의해서 7-ethoxycoumarin의 o-deethylation은 증가되었고 마창 투여군의 경우 이러한 효소의 활성증가는 CYPIA1 induction에 의한 것일 수도 있다는 가능성을 제시하고 있다. In recent 3rears, hepatotoxicity concerned with Ephedrae herba or Scutellariae radixadmiBistration was case reported and Rhei rhizoma is commonly used with them. Tn order to study theeffect of Rhei rhizoma, Ep]ledrae herba and Scutellariae radix on hepatic metabolism, we exalnined theeffect of those pretreatment on the metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin(EC). Water extracts(Ig/fg) ofRhei rhiaoma, Ephedrae tterba and Scutetlariae radix were admi3tistered orally to rats for T days,respectively. Livers were t:ten isolated and perfused with 100uM EC for 2 hours. The metabolites of EC,7-hydroxycoernarin, sulfate conjugate and glucuronide conjugate, were measured in the perfusates dur-ing perfusion. The amount of glucuronide conjvgates was decreased iB ahei rhizoma pretreated rats (p <0.01) and 7-bfdroxycournarin was increased in Ephedrae herba pretreated rats(p < 0.01). To examineTrhether the change of enByme activity is related to the induction ,or inhibition of enzymes concerned,we measured the change oif CYPIAt and CYPaBl mRNA level in the perfused rat liver, which are con-sidered to be EC specifie. However, CYPIAI and CYPEBI rnRNA ilevel were not found to be changedwith Rhei rhizoma nor I]3hedrae herba pretreatmen·t. We also assessed the hepatic toxicity of Rheirhizoma,.:phedrae herba and Scutellariae radix. The activity of ALT and AST was assayed at 34hrsafter 7 dfyt ndrninistratiofl and it was not found to be changed- Only the ratio of ALT over AST was in-creased in Epedrae herbs. pretreated rats(p < 0.05), which implies possible chronic hepatitis. Lipidperoxidation was increased in Rhei rhizoma treatment(p <0.05) , while histopathological examinationperformed after liver perfusion did not show any difference compared with vehicle treatmeut. Theseresutts suggest that Ephedrae herba pretreatment increases the o-deethylation of 7- ethoxrcoumariB inrats, which Inay be mediated by CYPIAI mRNA induction.

슬개골 재발성 탈구와 아탈구에 대한 수술적 치료

안종국,이창수 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the general guidence of treatment of recurrent patella dislocation and subluxation. Materials and Method: We studied retrospectively 24 patients who underwent the operation for the recurrent patella dislocation and subluxation from september 1997 to august 2002. The procedures were lateral retinacular release, medial reefing and proximal and distal realignment surgery. The clinical evaluation was graded by Crosby and Insall's criteria and radiological parameters were post operative congruence angle(CA) and patellofemoral joint degeneration. Result: In clinical evaluation, 9 patients showed excellent result, 16 patients good result and 3 patients fair to poor result. Among the 3 patients who showed fair to poor result, there was chronic synovitis in one patient. So we did arthroscopic irrigation and debridement. After that, Symptom improved, Congruence angle(CA) changed average 20.4 degrees to 12.3 degrees. Conclusion: Age and Q angle are factor in deciding the procedures of treatment of recurrent patella dislocation and subluxation. Also it is very helpful in deciding the further procedures to evaluate the patella tracking in operation filed artnroscopically.

慢性肝疾患 患者 및 正常人의 卽時採血 末梢血液에서의 Vibrio vulnificus生長에 關한 比較 硏究

安昌憲,愼鏞雨,金秀男 고려대학교 의과대학 1988 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.25 No.3

The present study was carried out to investigate the host factors which might have influences on the development of V. vulnificus septicemia. V. vulnificus was inoculated into the fresh peripheral blood of the chronic liver disease patients and healthy persons. The growth was calculated by colony count method at 60, 120 and 240 minutes, respectively. The colony counts of V. vulnificus were analyzed and compared to the laboratory data and clinical findings of the chronic liver disease patients. The results were summerized as follows; 1. The growth of V. vulnificus was markedly increased in the patients with decreased serum concentration of albumin, complement C₃ and decreased prothrombin activity. 2. Increased serum level of IgG, IgA and IgM of the patients facilitated the growth of V. vulnificus. 3. The growth of V. vulnificus was not significantly related to the serum concentration of complement C₄, iron and alkaline phosphatase level. 4. In the patient group complicated with the liver cirrhosis, poorly controlled ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, the growth of V. vulnificus was highly increased.

지역사회를 대상으로 한 혈압검진의 결과분석

안종호,신찬수,김성연,박영배,조보연,이홍규,고창순 대한고혈압학회 1997 대한고혈압학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Scintigraphy에 의한 甲狀腺腫의 硏究

安昌洙 부산의대 1963 부산의대잡지 - 부산대학교 의과대학 Vol.3 No.1

食用 갓(Brassica juncea Coss.)의 人工交配 및 葉色의 遺傳

安奬淳,金光秀 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1980 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.15 No.-

本 硏究는 菜蔬로써의 價値는 높으나 硏究가 거의 되어 있지 않는 食用 갓의 人工交配와 葉色의 遺傳에 關한 品種育成을 爲한 基礎調査이다. 갓에는 綠色, 談紫色(表面 紫色), 濃紫色(兩面紫色)이 있고 그 중 濃紫色의 것이 商品價値가 가장 크다. 갓의 人工交配에서의 平均 結實率은 73% 程度이었고, 갓에는 自家 및 他家不和合性은 認定되지 않았다. 人工交配는 開花 1日前, 2日前, 3日前의 花蓄 모두 實用上 使用이 可能하고 花粉만 求得되면 日中 어느 時核에나 實施할수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 갓의 葉色은 濃紫色이 優性인 單因子에 依한 形質이고 幼苗의 紫色子葉은 濃紫色의 遺傳標識으로 使用될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. The artificial pollinations and inheritance of leaf color in leaf mustard is reported for the first time. Leaf mustard is a minor vegetable crop in Korea but has long been grown as a valuable salad and spice crop in Chonnam Province. Three types of it are distinguished on the basis of leaf color; green, light purple and dark purple. The dark purple type is the most accepted one in markets. Overall fruit set from artificial pollination averaged 73% and self or cross-incompatibility was not noticed. Flower buds on one, two and three days before flowering were found to be practically equally good for artificial pollination. The fruit sets from artificial pollinations did not very at any time of pollination during the day from 9 am. to 3 pm. The purple leaf color was found to be conditioned by a single dominate gene and purple cotyledons was genetic marker of dark purple leaves.

Propylthiouracil 투여에 의한 갑상선 기능저하 흰쥐 조직에서 알코올 탈수소효소 활성의 변화

백상현,김동선,이창범,박용수,안유헌,김태화,기춘석,강주섭 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.2

Background: Thyroid hormone has been known to affect hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Although the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism, stomach is also responsible in part for ethanol oxidation. The effects of thyroid hormone on ADH activity in gastric mucosa and other tissues of rats had not been previously examined. Method: The effects of thyroid hormone on liver, stomach, lung, and kidney ADH activities (nM of NADH/min/mg of cytosolic protein) have been investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats treated with propylthiouracil (50 mg/kg) for 14 days. Results: Whereas hepatic ADH activities were not changed by treatment with PTU(42.9(8.6 vs 45.2 (10.1), gastric ADH activities in PTU-treated rats increased by 258.8% of control rat (6.3 ( 0.6 vs 2.2 ( 1.2, p〈0.001). In the activities of other tissues, PTU treatment decreased lung ADH activity by 59.7% of control, and increased kidney ADH activities by 247.1% of control rats. Conclusion: These data suggest that hypothyroidism causes an increase of gastric alcohol metabolism, and that the increase of gastric ADH activity can partly restore the first pass metabolism of ethanol in hypothyroid rats.