돈분 및 계분의 초기 퇴비화 과정중 이화학적 특성과 미생물 활성변화

신완식,이규승,Shin, Wan-Sik,Lee, Kyu-Seung 한국축산환경학회 1996 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate changes of physico-chemical properties and microbial activity during the early stage of composting with pig and chicken manure. The results were as follows; 1. The temperature was rapidly increased from the 3rd to the 7th day, and especially the pig manure compost preparing with enzyme was maintained $56^{\circ}C{\sim}69^{\circ}C$. 2. The pH range was shown $7.7{\sim}9.3$, and the pH level increased from the 3rd day to 25th day. Also after the 25th day the pH level decreased gradually. 3. The C/N ratio in the pig manure compost decreased 16.8 at the 30th day, while the compost containing enzymes decreased 19.2 at the 30th day. Chicken manure compost showed similar results at the 28 of C/N ratio at the 30th day with enzyme treatment. 4. The total ammount of sugar in pig manure compost was $6,000{\sim}7,000mg/kg$, while the chicken manure compost was $2,000{\sim}4,000mg/kg$. However, there was no significant difference in view point of enzyme treatment. 5. Cellulase, phosphatase and xylanase activity were continually increased, however amylase and urease activity were not changed during composting.

위암 , 대장암 및 유방암에서 표피성장인자수용체의 발현과 악성종양 진행과의 관계 - 수정 보완한Alkaline Phosphatase 면역조직화학법으로 -

김재광(Jae Kwang Kim),신완식(Wan Shik Shin),안병민(Byung Min Ahn),선희식(Hee Sik Sun),김응국(Eung Kuk Kim),강진한(Jin Han Kang),유진영(Jin Young You) 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.51 No.5

N/A 57.8% (26/45) of breast cancer tissues, in 20.0% (2/10) of benign tumor tissues, and in 10.0% (1/10) of noncancerous breast tissues (Chi-square test, p<0.05). And it was detected in 16.7% (2/12) of metastatic lymph nodes. 3) The positivity of EGFR of stomach cancers was gradually increased from 25.0% of stage 1, 45.8% of stage 2, 61.8% of stage 3 to 77.8% of stage 4 (Bartholomew test, p<0.01). Moreover the positivity was gradually increased according to tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis (relationship of expression of EGFR with histological type, distant metastasis, localization of cancer. The positivity of EGFR of human colon cancers was also gradually increased from 12.5% of stage A, 22.2% of stage B1, 16.7% of stage B2, 42.8% of stage C1 to 76.9% of stage C2 (Bartholomew test, p<0.05). And the positivity of EGFR was related to their depth of invasion of cancer cells (Chi-square test, p<0.05). There was no relation between the positivity of EGFR and the size, site of cancer. The EGFR was expressed only in well differentiated cancers (47.6%, 10/21) and moderately differentiated (34.8%, 8/23) cancers, while not expressed in poorly differentiated (0.0%, 0/5) colon cancers (Bartholomew test, p<0.05). The positivity of EGFR of breast cancers was also related to clinical stage; positivity of stage 1 was 60.0%, stage 2 was 62.1%, and stage 3 was 45.5%, respectively (Chi-square test, p<0.05). The positivity of EGFR was related to breast tumor size; positivity of tumor size<2㎝ was 60.0%, tumor size 2-5㎝ was 61.3%, tumor size>5㎝ was 44.4%, respectively (Chi -square test, p<0.05). 4) There was no correlation of the staining percentage of EGFR with clinical stage, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of stomach cancers. The staining intensity was in inverse proportion to clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (measure of association, gamma, p<0.005, p<0.005, respectively), while no correlation was observed with distant metastasis. The staining intensity of EGFR was gradually increased according to clinical stages of colon cancers (measure of association, gamma, p<0.05). It was increased in stage 1 and 2 than stage 3 of breast cancers (measure of association, gamma, p<0.05). 5) The patients with EGFR-positive adenocarcinoma had much worse prognosis than those with EGFR-negative adenocarcinoma (log-rank test, p<0.0005). The mean survival duration of the patients with EGFR-positive was shorter than those with EGFR-negative (32 months vs. 48 months, median survival). The expression of EGFR had an inverse relation between both estrogen and progesterone receptor expressions (Chi-square test, p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggested that this improved immunohistochemical technique offers a rapid, economic, reliable and sensitive method for detection of EGFR. In stomach cancer, the expression of EGFR may act on the tumor invasiveness and lymph node metastasis to some degree, but not on distant metastasis. In colon cancer, the more the clinical stage progress, the more it may act on tumor invasiveness and metastasis. In breast cancer, it may play an important role in early stage than late. Namely, the expression of EGFR may act on different stage of each cancer and may serve as a useful prognostic marker of malignancy in patients with stomach, colon, and breast cancer in Korea.

각종 간질성폐질환에서 폐포 대식세포의 Superoxide 분비능과 식균 작용

송정섭(Jeong Sup Song),김영균(Young Kyoon Kim),김관형(Kwan Hyoung Kim),한기돈(Ki Don Han),문화식(Hwa Sik Moon),신완식(Wan Shik Shin),박성학(Sung Hak Park) 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.39 No.3

N/A Interstitial lung diseases are a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by various degrees of parenchymal alveolitis and fibrosis. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the predominant inflammatory cell type within alveolar structures and function not only as phagocytic cells but also as secretory cells that release various secretory products involving oxygen metabolites. Alveolar macrophages from patients with interstitial lung disease are thought to participate in the injury to the alveolar wall and contribute to the development of interstitial fibrosis. To investigate the role of alveolar macrophages in interstitial lung diseases, we measured the amount of superoxide release and phagocytosis by AM after bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from the normal controls and cases with interstitial lung diseases. The results were summerized as follows: 1) The total number of inflammatory cells in the BAL fluids increased more in patients with interstitial lung diseases than in the controls (p<0.02). 2) The differential cell count of BAL inflammatory cells showed that lymphocytes were predominant in sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and collagen lung disease, while neutrophils were predominant in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bleomycin-induced pneumonitis. 3) The superoxide release by AM in patients with interstitial lung diseases was higher than the normal controls, either spontaneously or after stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)(p<0.05). 4) The phagocytosis of non-opsonized staphylococcus aureus by AM was elevated in the interstitial lung disease cases (p<0.02), but no difference was noted when using the opsonized staphylococcus aureus as a target. These results suggest that AM are activated in interstitial lung diseases, and increased production of oxidant by AM in interstitial lung diseases may play a critical role in tissue damage and pulmonary fibrosis. Elevation of oxygen metabolite release by AM could be a useful marker in the assessment of the activity of interstitial lung diseases.

전자장 유도 장치를 이용한 간척지 토양의 염농도 측정

정영상(Yeong-Sang Jung),이원호(Won-Ho Lee),주진호(Jin-Ho Joo),유일호(Il-Ho Yu),신완식(Wan-Sik Shin),안열(Yeol Ahn),류순호(Sun-Ho Yoo) 한국토양비료학회 2003 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Cefotetan 의 임상경험

홍대식,유경진,이현재,이용관,송춘익,정희영,강문원,신완식 대한감염학회 1985 감염 Vol.17 No.2

The new cephamycin-type antibiotic, cefotetan is very stable to β-lactamase, it possesses a good antibacterial activity on aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative cocci and bacilli. Clinical values of cefotetan were evaluated in 26 patients with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial infection of the urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. The drug was administered intravenously in dose of 1∼4g per day for 1 to 16 days. The clinical response was satisfactory in 11(100%) patients with urinary tract infections, 8(61.5%) of 13 patients with respiratory tract infections, 2(100%) patients with gastrointestinal tract infections. Overall, cefotetan was effective in 21(80.8%) of all patients treated. During the treatment 5 patients showed adverse effects including nausea, diarrhea, skin rash, drug fever. And elevation of hepatic enzyme levels occured in 1 of all patients treated. But the majority of adverse effects disappeared within 2∼3 days.

디자인이라는 용어의 정의와 그 사용에 관한 연구

申玩植 명지대학교 예체능연구소 1992 藝體能論集 Vol.2 No.-

In spite of being a noumenon of social activities, the major cause of which the design has no social morality is that the self-interest of group has been justified and kept up. By using the Michel Foucault's three concept- "le sujet-fondateur", "l'expe'rience originaire" and "l'universelle me'diation", I tried to prove the direct relation between this phenomenon and how the definition of the design was made and has been used, to suggest an affirmative idea.

응시의 가면 : 장 폴 사르트르Jean-Paul Sartre와 자크 라깡Jacques Lacan의 개념을 중심으로

신완식 경기대학교 건축전문대학원 2006 경기대학교 건축대학원 논문집 Vol.10 No.-

The aim of this thesis project is two fold: 1) to make gaze present, i.e., make people seeing the work feel being seen one way or another; 2) to make people engaging themselves in this piece of architectural work experience rain in many unusual manner, taking some important aspects of the site - for example, its being the best place for seeing sun set - in consideration. The idea and motive of gaze initially came from Architect John Hejduk and was developed by studying many thinkers including Jean-Paul Sartre and Jacques Lacan. The idea of mask was, in the process of absorbing their ideas of gaze in physical terms, added in an attempt to make this project perceptually stronger for arousing the sense of gaze. 누가 보는가? 신체적으로 인간은 주로 눈을 통해 생활 속의 사물(대상)들을 인지하고 관찰한다. 다른 감관 기관은 대상을 무비판적-항상 열려있는-으로 수용하지만, 눈은 다르다. 샤르트르에 따르면, 눈과 관련된 인식행위 , 즉 시선 안에는 이미 존재의 위기가 예시되고 있기 때문이다. 시선과 관련된 일체의 인식행위, 즉 관찰하고, 주시하고, 관조하는 모든 행위에는 욕망이 운명적으로 내재되어 있다. 따라서 눈으로 보는 행위는 이미 순수함이나 결백함과 거리가 멀다. 시선에는 이미 인식행위 자체에 잠복된 정복자의 속성과 소유(혹은 파괴)의 욕망이 내재되어 있고, 따라서 객체는 주체에 종속된다. 그런데, 폰티에 따르면 시선의 주체와 객체는 서로 상호 관계 속에서 현존한다. 이것이 뜻하는 바는, 우리가 눈으로 보는 실체 혹은 대상의 모습은 주체의 일방적인 시선을 통해서만 지각되는 것이 아니라는 것이다. 여기에 응시의 개념이 등장한다. "나는 한곳을 바라보지만 나는 모든 방향에서 보여진다." 응시란 주체가 있는 곳에는 어디서나 그 주변에 존재하는 익명의 눈(혹은 제3의 시선)들로, 주체의 시선에 선재한다. 그렇다면 인식의 통로인 눈을 통한 대상의 보기(seeing)에서 주체와 대상의 관계는 어떻게 이루어지는가? 혹은 그러한 관계를 매개시키는 그 어떠한 것은 무엇인가? "본다고 보는 것이 아니며, 보이지 않는다고 보이지 않는 것이 아니다." 라는 표현에서 알 수 있듯이 보이지 않는 것에서 시선의 주체와 객체, 또는 보여 지는 것에서 시선의 주체와 객체는 서로 상호 관계 속에서 현존 한다. 분명 이 말은 우리가 눈으로 보는 실체 혹은 대상의 모습이 눈을 통해서 바라보는 것만이 실체의 전부가 아니며, 망막에 맺힌 형상이 실상의 전부가 아니라는 것을 웅변하는 말이다. 시선에 앞서 주체의 주변에 늘 열려 있는 응시가 있다. 이 작업은 존 헤이덕의 작품에 잠복된 시선과 응시의 구조에서 작업의 출발점을 잡아, 장 폴 샤르트르Jean-PauI Sartre와 쟈크 라깡Jacques Lacan의 시선과 응시의 개념을 집중 탐구함으로써 주체와 객체의 상호보기 (seeing)를 관통하고자 한다. 또한 가면이 가지고 있는 속성을 이해하고 그러한 가면의 물리적인 속성을 디자인에 반영함으로써 공간 만들기를 시도한다. 이를 위해 택한 전략은 가스통 바슐라르Gston Bachelard의 비결정론적인 입장인데, 이로써 잡은 건축적 목표는, 형식의 차원에서는 응시를 현존시키는 데, 프로그램의 차원에서는 사이트의 특성(일몰의 순간이 가장 아름답다)을 염두에 두되 비를 다각적으로 경험하게 하는 데 두었다. 비가 오는 날, 특히 어떤 일이 벌어질 수 있을까?

성인원외폐렴의 원인미생물에대한 전향적 다기관 연구 : 성인원외폐렴의 원인으로 세균의 역할을 중심으로

우준희,강재명,김양수,신완식,류진홍,최정현,김양리,정희진,어수택,박춘식,정문현,정기석,이찬주,류지소 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.1

Background : Communite-acquired peumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Despite progress in diagnostic techniques and treatments, management of pneumonia remains challenging, because the precise etiology remains uncertain in as many as 49% of cases. The limitaions of identifying etiologic agents make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric antibiotic regimen. For the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, we should know the frequency of etiologic agents and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community. Methods : A prospective multicenter study of community-acquired pneumonia in Korea was carried out between May 1997 and April 2000. The microbiologic diagnosis was based on the results of sputum culture, blood culture and pleural culture. Results : Five hundred eighty eight cases of community-acquired peumonia in 562 patients admitted to the hospitals. The mean age was 59.9 with male predominance (58.3%), and 370 (63%) had underlyin gillness. The etiologic agents were identified in 38.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was Streprococcus pneumoniae (21.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.5%), viridans group streptococci (5.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (4.2%), Hemophillus Influenza (3.8%), The rates of admission to the intensive care unit was 10.4%. The motality was 7.1%. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was 36.6% and showed multidrug resistant. Forty percents of S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. K. penumoniae were susceptible to cephalosporin and quinolone. Conclusion : In Korea, S.pneumoniae is the most important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was 36.6% and showed multidrug resistant. Gram negative bacteria such as K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa showed high incidence when compared with that of other countries. Most of them had underlying diseases including bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:1∼7, 2001)

신부전이 동반된 당뇨병 환자에서 발생된 침습성 모균증 : 수술과 Liposomal amphotericin B 및 GM-CSF 병합 요법에 의한 성공적인 치험 1예

이원영,오기원,임국희,장재혁,이동건,최정현,강무일,신완식,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.4

저자들은 신부전이 동반된 당뇨병 환자에서 발생된 부비동형 모균증에 대하여 수술과 함께 liposomal amphotericin B 및 GM-CSF의 복합치료를 하여 성공적으로 치료한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) primarily affects diabetic or immunocompromised patients and typically progresses rapidly, necessitating surgical excision and antifungal therapy with amphotericin B. Large doses of amphotericin B are needed for cure, but it has the risk of causing significant renal toxicity. The recent development of liposomal amphotericin B allows antifungal therapy to be administered with potentially improved efficacy and reduced nephrotoxicity. We have experienced a case of paranasal mucormycosis successfully treated with surgery, liposomal amphotericin B and GM-CSF. A 59-year-old male suffering from diabetes mellitus for 6 years was admitted with pain at left maxillary area. He was diagnosed as mucormycosis after cytologic exam on the necrotic nasal mucosa, which showed typical hyphae. He have had diabetic nephropathy with macroproteinuria and had rapidly rising serum creatinine levels with the amphotericin B treatment: creatinine levels reverted to basal level with the use of liposomal amphotericin B. Despite surgical excision and continued antifungal therapy, his infection was not effectively controlled. Therefore, GM-CSF was administered additionally to improve phagocytic activity of leukocytes. He was finally cured after receiving a combination of aggressive surgery, liposomal amphotericin B and GM-CSF. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed clinical description of the treatment of mucormycosis with liposomal amphotericin B in Korea.

A Case of Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis in an Allogenic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient Who had Bronchiolitis Obliterans and Pulmonary Infection by Mtcobacterium abscessus

김윤정,전은경,조병식,최수미,이석,민창기,신완식 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.5

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can cause various complications involving lung, liver intestine and other organs, Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may injure the cells in the intestinal mucosa of HSCT recipients. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PI) is a condition that presence of air in the bowel wall is demonstrated by radiologic or pathologic tests, It is one of the infrequent complications after HSCT and is associated with several medical and surgical conditions. However its pathogenesis and definite etiologic factors are still unknown. Here, we present a case of PI in a HSCT recipient, who was diagnosed of bronchiolitis obliterance accompanied with chronic GVHD and pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium abscessus.