간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

간호사의 임상 실무 경험

서문자,손행미,강현숙,권성복,김주현,박영숙,이은희,임난영,조경숙,지성애 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.4

purpose: This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the entities of nurse's experiences in general hospitals and to suggest basic data guiding research on developing Standards of clinical nursing practice in Korea. Method: Fourteen nurses working at general hospitals with over 300 beds in Seoul were interviewed in-depth until saturation using tape-recorders and transcription. Result: The central theme of clinical nursing practice experienced by subjects was "being with clients" that means accepting client's personal character, solving client's needs and providing client-centered nursing. A also "being with clients" was felt to be the responsibility of nurses which was learned from their nursing schools. The nursing strategies performed in order to be with patients were proving skillful nursing techniques, accepting, educating, emotional support, advocating, and self-reflecting, the subjects experienced somewhat problematic affects such as difficulties in interpersonal relationship, work overload, negative image of nursing, deficit of self-confidence for nursing actions, poor working conditions, and unfair treatment. Nurses at the hospital practiced with pride when they felt that they were accepted by clients. Conclusion: Further research is needed to analysis problems in clinical practice and the comparison of nurses' experiences of clinical practice, with nurses' experiences in various settings.

Silymarin 함유제형, 레가론 캅셀 140^R 및 타 실리마린 제제의 약동학적 특성에 관한 비교 연구

조주연,배균섭,정인숙,유경상,장인진,신상구 大韓臨床藥理學會 1998 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.6 No.2

임신 전반기 여성의 철분영양상태 개선을 위한 영양교육 방안 연구

주숙경,장희경,윤진숙 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 科學論集 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of iron, food habit, general characteristics for pregnant women and to suggest the direction of nutritional education for pregnant women. Among 171 pregnant women who provided baseline data, 21 women voluntarily participated Fe supplementation and nutrition education program. Nutritional education was provided six times at two-week intervals in the form of telephone interview. The effectiveness of nutritional education was evaluated by measurement of Fe status before and after nutrition education. It appealed that most of subjects took less amount of energy, calcium and iron than Korean RDA. The results indicated that nutrition education was ineffective to improve Fe status for pregnant women. The main barrier of nutritional education process was overconcern about weight gain and body shape, inadequate Fe intake for food source. In addition, the indirect education by telephone interview appeared unsuitable. Therefore, our results indicated the further study to develop nutritional education materials for Pregnant women to overcome the limitation of telephone interview.

그레이큐브에서 정렬 및 전위합 알고리즘

주낙근,박기선,이숙희 東新大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

In this paper, we present algorithms, which solve the problems of sort and prefix-sums on graycube. The complexities of these algorithms are O(log^2n) and O(log n) respectively. The graycube is a new interconnection network for parallel computer. it has lower diameter and average distance than that of hypercube and it's variants. Also it has many attractive properties.

병렬 VOD 서버의 확장을 위한 스트라이핑 정책

최숙영,최현호,한주희,유관종 한국정보전략학회 1999 추계공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.01

본 논문에서는 확장 가능한 병렬 VOD서버 모델을 제시하고, 이 별렬 VOD 서버에서 기존의 디스크 공간이 부족하여 새로운 병렬 서버를 추가할 경우, 데이터 분배 문제를 고려한다. 새로운 서버에 미디어 파일을 추가할 경우, 특정 서버에 부하가 몰리는 것을 방지하기 위해 기존의 서버에 저장되어 있는 일부 데이터들을 이동 시켜서 각 서버의 사용가능한 디스크 공간을 조정한 뒤, 각 디스크 부하를 최소화 하도록 고려하여 데이터를 저장하는 스트라이핑 방법을 제시한다.

3차원 가상 치과모형 계측 값의 정확성 유효 검정

이주훈,장미숙,백기석,이승표 대한해부학회 2004 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.37 No.2

階層形成理論 : 初期유럽의 理論的 背景을 中心으로

金周淑 이화여자대학교 문리과대학 사회학과 사회학회 1966 社會學硏究 Vol.- No.5

스칸디나비아 家族에 대한 硏究[Ⅰ]

金周淑 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1979 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.34 No.-

The purpose of this article is to present some of the main facts and features of the family in Scandinavia, including Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The contents of the article are divided into six chapters : Introduction-Scandinavian Society, Population and Marital Status, Family and Social Welfare System, Reproduction, Sexual Behavior and Divorce. We shall emphasize the main points here and raise some further questions with regard to the Forean future family. 1. The Scandinavian population is characterized by a high proportion of old people, a high sex ratio among people aged 65 years ad over and a high proportion of unmarried female population aged 65 years and over. Mean ages at first marriage seem to have stabilized between 25-27 years for men, between 22-24 years for women. Nuptiality has been decreasing, especially in the younger generations, since the late sixties. This doesnt men however that the proportion of Scandinavian people living in a single status has been increasing, but rather that the number of cohabiting couples without marriage has been increasing. We have the figure of estimation for 165,000 couple cohabiting without marriage in Denmark as of January 1978. The data about Norway and Sweden also imply similar tendencies on cohabiting without marriage. Another feature about the marital statistics is the fact that the proportion of first marriage, as part of the total number of marriages, is decreasing and that the proportion of remarriage or third marriage of either one of the partners or both of them is increasing. 2. The Scandinavian family is characterized by the nuclear family which consists of parents and a few children. We can hardly find the extended family in the Scandinavian societies, even as a temporary arrangement. We can find two kinds of households in the statistics, one is the private household and the other is an institutional household, which manages the handicapped, the mentally ill and a considerable number of elderly people effectively. The Scandinavian family is the small-sized one with mainly one or two children. Over sixty percent of the total private households have no children living in same households. The relationship between husband and wife looks very equalitarian and democratic. The house works are shared by husband and wife. The majority of married women want to get a job outside their home. The economic activity rate of married women has been increasing recently. In 1970, the proportions of married women in total labor forces are 21.6% in Denmark, 14.4 in Norway and 20.4% in Sweden. Among the women aged 15-74 years, 59.2% of married women and 56.7% of unmarried women had jobs in Denmark in 1976, with a particularly high employment rate of 72-76% among women 20-44 years of age. 3. The Central government and the local authorities of the three countries have spent a lot of money and manpower for social security. In 1973, the total expenditure for social security in each country was 33253 million krone in Denmark, 18127 million krone in Norway and 45888 million krone in Sweden. These amounts are 21.0%, 18.6% and 20.9% of the total gross national incomes of each of the countries. This social security scheme covers various allowances for children, maternity benefits just after giving birth, the expenses for supervision of day nursery and similar institutions for children. This social welfare scheme also provide pensions for the elderly and all kinds of support for aged people. In other words, some of the traditional family functions like child rearing, protection for the weak or aged, have been transferred from family to society. 4. The reproduction level of the three countries is very low. The natural increase rates between 1970-1975 are 0.5% in Denmark 0.7% in Norway and 0.4% in Sweden. These low rates are due to not only the high acceptance rates of contraceptives, but also to the high rate of induced abortion. The numbers of induced abortion per 1000 live-births in 1975 are 386 in Denmark, 268 in Norway and 313 in Sweden. The so-called free abortion law seems to have contributed to the increase of abortion, especially in Denmark. Since the free abortion law came into force, every woman can get abortion at no cost, within 12 weeks of pregnancy, irrespective of her age or marital status. 5. The Scandinavian society was and is very permissive regarding relationships between man and woman including sexual behavior. We have found that there was considerable rate of premarital coitus and premarital conception in the Nordic countries in 19th century. Nowadays it is almost meaningless to distinguish between legitimate or illegitimate children. In fact the children born out of wedlock are treated just the same as the children born in wedlock under the law. As mentioned above, the number of couples-cohabiting without marriage has been increasing remarkably and it will probably continue to increase for a while. 6. The divorce rate has been increasing somewhat since the late sixties in Scandinavia. Among the three counties Swedens divorce rate has recently been slightly higher than those of the two other countries. About half of the divorces in the countries occurred in the first ten years of marriage. The remarriage rate after divorce has been decreasing remarkably in recent years. If we compare the Scandinavian family of today with the one in the sixties, we can find some differences in some respects. In the mid-sixties, Scandinavian society showed a higher nuptiality : since 1968, however, the divorce rate-which was quite stable from 1950 to 1968- has gone up. Since the end of the sixties some aspects about the Scandinavian family has been distinctly increasing : cohabiting couples without marriage, children born out of wedlock, number of induced abortion, and rate of divorce etc. Do the Scandinavian family continue developing to this direction? 7. The functions of the family in Scandinavian are quite different from the ones of Korean family in many aspects. In Scandinavian child rearing is supported by the society through the childrens allowances and institutional support like day-nursery and so on. Sex roles between husband and wife are becoming increasingly similar. Children usually get independence from their parents at earlier ages and are expected to live in their own flats independently. There is plenty of knowledge and information available about sexual life, but the Scandinavian ethic is very different from the Korean ethic and it rather seems that they do not have any ethics or rules to control their sexual lives restrictly in Scandinavia. The features of the family in Scandinavia should be considered with the political, economical, religious and cultural aspects of these societies, They have a long tradition of political democracy with the monarch systems, under the ruling social democrat party for over one generation, complete welfare systems under capitalistic economic systems, a history of Christianity for several hundred years, but never rooted in the mind of the people, and recent secularization of the Christianity. There is a long tradition of sexual permissiveness developed. These factors explain for some aspect of the social characteristics that formed the Scandinavian family today. It is now clear that the model of the Scandinavian family may be one of the future family patterns under the highly industrialized societies. Shall we expect that the Korean family will develop in same direction as the Scandinavian model in the future? There is only one common variable between the Scandinavian Society and Korean society : The former is industrialized society, the latter is industrializing rapidly. In spite of this common variable, the formation of the family in Korean society will be affected partly by the traditional values about family life and mostly by the future socio-economical systems of Korea.

산부식처리후 InVito 상태에서 치면과 치면열구전색제의 결합강도에 관한 실험적 연구

김주원,최성숙 한국위생과학회 2002 한국위생과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The prepared materials for etching of the tooth-surface as Creation(KLEMA Inc., Germany) Enamel Power SI-02 etched with special Ethchant(37% phosphoric acid) for about 15seconds. Denseal(Vericom Co., Ltd., Korea), 3M (3M Dental Products Division, USA) and KURARAY(Kuraray medical Inc., Japan) which are being used popularly as pit and fissure sealant for tooth-surface these days are painted with different thick and light-cured for at least 30 seconds for sample. After put the sample in the Shaking machine for 7 days under Oral condition(Invitro, 37℃, pH 5.3) with HNO_3 and washed it in the flowing water, made Micro-structure by cutting with Diamond disk. The cutting surface observed after etching with Kelly liquid(10㎖ HF, 15㎖ HCl, 25㎖ HNO_3, 50㎖ H_2O). The results were as follows: 1. 0.5mm sealant's thickness is the most stable under the oral condition. 2. The cubical stability of K product is better than D, S products. 3. Before the oral condition(Invitro), the tissue of optical microscope has the least gap when it is 0.5mm. 4. After the oral condition(Invitro), the result of observing the tissue of optical microscope most stable when it is 0.5mm. 5. K products is comparatively better than D, D products, after the result of observing the tissue among the kinds of sealant.