『흠흠신서(欽欽新書)』의 여성 관련 범죄 분석을 통해 본 정약용의 여성 인식과 시대적 의미

백민정 ( Min Jeong Baek ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2016 동방학지 Vol.173 No.-

이 글은 정약용의 인명사건 판례집인 『欽欽新書』의 여성 관련 범죄를 분석한 것이다. 특히 동시대의 관찬 판례집인 국왕 정조의 『審理錄』, 『秋官志』의 사건 기록과 비교하면서, 여성 관련범죄 평가에 드러난 유학자 정약용의 여성인식의 의미와 한계를 밝히고자 했다. 조선은 강상윤리와 풍속에 의한 도덕교화를 중시했는데, 정약용은 충효열의 강상윤리를 지나치게 우상화하는 정부정책과 이에 따른 효자 열부의 범람현상을 경계했다. 다산은 남편 사망 후에 따라죽는 부녀들의 순절행위를 비판했으며, 정조를 지키기 위한 여성의 과도한 자살 및 복수형 살인행위가 양산되는 것도 매우 우려했다. 열부에 대한 국가의 포상과 징계정책 때문에 여성들이 심각한 성적위핍의 상황이 아닌데도 맹목적으로 자살과 살인을 감행한다고 본 것이다. 뿐만 아니라 다산은 여성을 중심으로 빚어진 성관련 사건에서 국가가 아닌 개인들의 사적 응징과 처벌이 확산되는 현상에 대해서도 분명한 반대 의사를 피력했다. 하지만 여성의 죽음을 심각하게 우려한 다산의 관점은 여성 자신을 위한 것이라기보다 여성이 책임져야 남성 가부장 중심의 가족질서를 염두에 둔 것이라는 점에서 분명한 한계를 갖는다. 다산은 남편을 따라 죽은 부녀가 아니라, 남편의 시부모 봉양과 자손 양육의 책임을 자임하는 존재야말로 참된 열부라는 점을 분명히 한다. 가부장 가족의 영속을 위해 헌신하지 않고 한 때 울분으로 자살하거나 복수 살인하는 여성의 행위를, 다산이 편협한 부녀들의 우발적 자살소동, 부당한 복수행위로 비판한 것은 바로 이런 점 때문이다. 다산은 효제자의 인륜관계에서 아내를 제외하면서, 아내로서의 여성은 남편 시부모와 후손 양육의 역할을 철저히 수행함으로써 비로소남성 가족의 일원이 될 수 있다고 보았다. 하지만 『흠흠신서』에 수록된 여성 관련 사건들은, 오히려 여성이 이런 도덕적 책무에서 벗어나길 원했고, 가부장 중심의 가족질서에 부딪히면서 자신의 욕망을 표출하거나 혹은 욕망의 표출 결과 심각한 폭력적 대가를 감수해야 했던 상황을 보여준다. 정절의 윤리를 자발적으로 묵수하거나반대로 거부하는 수많은 사건들 사이에서, 우리는 당시 여성들이 어떠한 의지적 판단과 선택에 따라서 행위 했는지 살펴볼 수 있다. This study analyzes Jeong Yagyong’s evaluation of crimes involving women in Heumheum Sinseo (A New Book of Criminal Law), a collection of judicial precedents for murder cases. The paper seeks to elucidate the significance and limitations of the Confucian view of women in his evaluation of crimes involving women in comparison with the incidents recorded in contemporary governmental documents, including the Simnirok (審理錄) and the Chugwanji (秋官志). Joseon emphasized ethics on the basis of three bonds and five virtues, and Jeong was wary of the government’s excessive idealization of loyalty, familial reverence, and fidelity, and the consequent proliferation of filial sons and virtuous wives. He criticized the proliferation of female suicides and of retributive murder to preserve chastity. Jeong believed that women committed these acts even in situations that did not involve serious sexual violations due to the state policy of rewards and punishments for virtuous or straying wives. He also opposed the spread of punishments by individuals instead of the state in sexual incidents involving women. However, Jeong’s concern for women’s deaths stressed the patriarchy more than women. For him, the wives who cared for their parents-in-law and children instead of dying after their husbands were truly virtuous, and only then could they become members of their husbands’ families. However, incidents in the Heumheum Sinseo reveal that some women rejected those moral duties, and paid a fatal price for expressing their opposition to the patriarchy.

대학생 흡연자의 금연경험에 따른 건강신념차이

구정일,김민정,김동희,백정희,안현실,은가희,우혜령,이명희,이수현,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

It has been generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor increasing disease and mortality in human health since in 1950's and nowadays. But regardless of various proofs about social or economical problems due to smoking, current smoking rate has not been decreased in our country. Until now, most of tobacco use and its addiction researches have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers not on the university students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate smoking cessation of university smokers and analyze the health belief-perceived sensitivity, severity, benefits and barriers- difference, then to provide basic data for effective smoking cessation strategy for university smokers. The subjects were comprised of 181 university smokers from 15 universities in Seoul. The data were collected by structured questionaires. The questionaires were designed to measure general characteristics, smoking cessation and health belief, based on Ahn(2003)'s result on the Study of Smoking attitude, Behavior and Smoking Cessation of Adult Male and Lee(1987)'s result on Relationships Between the Health Belief Model and Smoking Habits. The data were collected from May 5 to 16. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. The actual number, percentiles, means, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were done. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The general characteristics of the subjects of this study The range of age was from 18 to 34 and the averaging age was 23. The subjects of this study were 141 males and 40 females. The religions were Christianity 25.4%(46), Buddhism 12.7%(23), Catholic 23.2%(42), no religion 37.0%(67). The residential forms were living with family 59.1%(107), cooking food for oneself 28.7%(52), dormitory 5.0%(9), boarding house 1.7%(3). Smoking starting age were university 43.1 %(78), high school 29.8%(54), middle school 14.9%(27), in the army 6.1 %(11), elementary school 1.1 %(2). 2. The smoking cessation of the subjects 80% of current smokers showed quitting smoking decision and 20% have not tried. The frequency of quitting smoking decision were from 1 to above 8 and mean was 3.06. As for smoking cessation plan, 54.7%(99) current smokers answered yes, 3.9%(7) said no, 35.4%(64) had no idea and 6.1 %(11) didn't answer. As for the reason of never quitting smoking decision, 71.42%(25 among total 35) have no need to quit smoking and the others said difficulty of smoking cessation. As for the main reason of smoking cessation decision, 54.7%(99) answered for the health, 7.2%(13) family advice, 15.5%(28) girl/boy friend's advice, 1.7%(3) to save money. As for the reason to fail smoking cessation, 56.7%(68) were will-lack, 17.5%(21) stress, 15%(18) smoking mood, 10%(12) withdrawl symptom. As for the smoking cessation method, 85.0%(125) were oneself-will, 2.7%(4) way acquired by mass-media, 2%(3) doctor's prescription, 2%(3) religion's help, 0.7%(1) smoking cessation school. As for the difficulty in smoking cessation, 42.2%(62) were drinking meeting, 23.1 %(34) no alternative of stress release, 12.2%(18) withdrawl symptom, 11.6%(17) having nothing to do, 7.5%(11) friend's encouragement. As for the most difficult cigarette to quit, 67.8%(99) were all-day smoking except the first smoking in the morning, 32.2%(47) the first smoking in the morning. 3. Health belief as for general characteristics Gender - The total point in benefits showed higher in male(28.5177) than female(26.6750). There was significant difference(t=.778, p<.05). The total point in health belief showed higher in male (105.8298) than female(l00.5000). So there was significant difference(t=.345, p<.05). Age - There was significant difference in benefits between age(10's-25.83, 20's-28.39, 30's-32.00)(F=3.73, p<.05). Smoking starting age - There was significant difference in total point of sensitivity and health belief(sensitivity F=4.00, p<.Ol, health belief F=2.843, p<.05). As for sensitivity, subjects who started smoking in the army showed the highest(33.36) and ones in high school showed the lowest(26.96). The total point in health belief showed the highest in elementary school(l19.00) and the lowest in high school(100.98). 4. Health belief as for smoking cessation There was significant difference in health belief as for smoking cessation(t=0.189, p=0.OO2). Sensitivity point showed higher in smoking quitting trial smokers(29.2) than non-trial smoker (26.9). Severity point showed higher in trial smokers (30.7) than non-trial smokers(28.9). Benefit point showed higher in trial smokers(28.6) than non-trial smokers(26.2). There was no significant difference in barriers point.

불완전 전뇌 허혈후 소생의 백서 모델을 이용한 재관류 뇌혈류량과 허혈성 뇌조직 손상도와의 관계

서정필,송근정,황태식,정연권,신백효,김승호 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: Experimental data indicate that low-flow reperfusion following prolonged cardiocirculatory arrest may aggravate early cerebral microcirculatory reperfusion disorders. We investigated the influence of cerebral reperfusion flow change to the ischemic histopathologic damage of brain tissue after incomplete forebrain ischemia in rats. Materials and method: Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were undergone ligation of both internal carotid artery by microvascular clamp for 10 minutes. After release of the clamp, reperfusion was started with several different flow levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100%) of internal carotid artery comparing to pre-clamping phase using flowmeter. After 15minutes of reperfusion, rat brains were prepared by perfusion-fixation with 3% formaldehyde. Under light microscopic examination of Hematoxylin-Eosin stained tissue slide, histopathologic damage was examined at cortex, putamen, and hippocampus regions. Categorical hisotopathologic damage scores were derived in each regions by manual counts of ischemic neurons. Result: The histopathologic damage scores were 0, 10.2±0.5, 7.6±1.5, 5.9±1.4, 5.0±2.8, 3.5±0.7, and 1.0±0.0 in control, 0, 10,20, 30, 50, and 100% reperfusion groups, respectively(p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed significant increment of brain histopathologic damage scores along with decreasing amount of cerebral reperfusion flow after incomplete forebrain ischemia. We believe restoration of reperfusion flow to pre-ischemic level would be a critical component in attenuation of brain ischemic damage.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

복강경하 대장절제술의 조기 결과

백정흠,김혜경,이정남,오재환 대한대장항문학회 2004 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.20 No.1

고등학생의 성, BMI에 따른 자가건강관리행태,신체적 자기효능감에 관한 연구

백영호,고정림,천은석 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2007 교사교육연구 Vol.46 No.2

본 연구는 고등학생의 성, BMI에 따른 자가건강관리행태와 신체적 자기효능감에 관한 연구를 위해 B·U시에 있는 13개 고등학교 총 1,810명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 불성실한 84명을 제외한 1,726명을 대상으로 고등학생들의 성, 계열, BMI에 따른 자가건겅관리행태를 비교하였다The Journal, College of Education. Vol. 46, No. 2, (2007) 성에 따른 자가건강관리행태는 남·여학생 모두 평균수면시간은 6시간, TV시청시간은 1시간으로 컴퓨터 사용시간은 남학생 2시간·여학생 1시간으로 남·여학생 모두 스트레스해소방법은 음악듣기, 아침식사여부는 매일 먹는다, 간식횟수는 매일 먹는다, 간식선호도는 비스켓, 빵류, 인스턴트섭취횟수는 주1~2회, 선호음식은 육류, 선호음료는 주스류, 체형인지정도는 약간 살찐 체형, 운동을 하지 않는 이유는 시간이 없어서, 운동을 하는 이유는 신체적 건강을 위해서, 음주횟수는 마시지 않는다, 흡연·음주가 학업에 미치는 영향은 학업에 지장이 있는 것 같다. 신경안정제·수면제·각성제 등의 복용여부는 없다로 나타났다. TV시청시간, 아침식사여부, 선호음료, 체형인지정도, 신경안정제, 수면제, 각성제 등의 복용여부에서는 남학생이 더 나은 자가건강관리행태를 컴퓨터 사용시간, 간식선호도, 인스턴트섭취횟수, 선호음식, 음주횟수, 흡연·음주가 학업에 미치는 영향에서는 여학생이 나은 자가건강관리행태를 나타냈다. BMI에 따른 자가건강관리행태는 저체중·정상체중·과체중 모두에서 평균수면시간은 6시간, TV시청시간은 1시간으로 컴퓨터 사용시간은 1시간, 스트레스해소방법은 음악듣기, 아침식사여부는 매일 먹는다로 간식횟수는 저체중·정상체중은 매일 먹는다·과체중은 주 1~2회로 저체중·정상체중·과체중 모두에서 간식선호도는 비스켓·빵류, 인스턴트섭취횟수는 주 1~2회, 선호음식은 육류, 선호음료는 주스류로 체형인지정도는 저체중은 마른체형으로 정상·과체중은 약간 살찐 체형으로 저체중·정상체중·과체중 모두에서 운동을 하는 이유는 신체적 건강을 위해서, 운동을 하지 않는 이유는 시간이 없어서, 음주횟수는 마시지 않는다, 흡연·음주가 학업에 미치는 영향은 학업에 지장이 있는 것 같다, 신경안정제·수면제·각성제 등의 복용여부는 없다로 나타났다. 정상은 저체중·과체중보다 간식선호도에서 과체중은 정상·저제중보다 아침식사여부, 간식횟수, 선호음식, 체형인지도에서 자가건강관리행태가 좋았다. 신체적 자기효능감은 성별로는 남학생이 여학생보다 높게 나타나 유의한 차이를 나타내었고, 계열별로는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, BMI는 정상체중이 저체중과 과체중보다 높게 나타나 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구결과 청소년들의 올바른 자가건강관리행태를 높이고, 잘못된 생활습관과 식습관을 바로 잡을 수 있는 체계적이고 지속적인 청소년 자가건강교육 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이며, 청소년기에 맞는 보다 일반화된 검사를 할 수 있는 자가건강관리행태와 신체적 자기 효능감의 설문지 개발과 자가건강관리의 능동적 실천 방안을 마련해야 된다고 본다. For the study on the type of self-care status according to gender, BMI and physical self- efficacy of high-school students, this study took a census at 1,810 students of 13 high-schools at area of U and P. This study took a Chi-square to compare the type of self-care status according to gender, BMI of high-school students. The study calculate mean, standard deviation and then perform one-way ANOVA to compare physical self-efficacy of high-school students. Verifications on those was executed by Duncan with the significance level of a=.05. The conclusions of this study are followed below. At both boy and girl students: average sleeping time -6 hours, average watching TV time - 1 hour, the methods of releasing a stress : listening to music, yes or no of eating a breakfast -Taking a breakfast everyday, how often they eat snack foods - everyday, the preferred snack foods - biscuit, bread, the frequency of eating fast-foods - 1~2 per week, the preferred foods - meats, the preferred beverage - juices, the cognition on body type - a little fat body. The reason why they don't excise - having no time to excise, the reason why they do excise - To have a healthy body, the frequency of drinking alcohol - zero, the affection of smoking and drinking alcohol on studying - It seems to be, yes of no of taking medicines such as tranquilizer, sleeping drug, stimulant - No. The time of using a computer - boys (2 hours) / girls (1 hour).Boy students have a better types of self-care status than girl students in watching TV time, yes or no of eating breakfast, the preferred beverage, cognition on the body type, yes of no of taking medicines such as tranquilizer, sleeping drug, stimulant. Girl students have a better types of self-care status than boy students in the time of using a computer, the preference of snack foods, the frequency of eating fast-foods, the preferred foods, the frequency of drinking alcohol, the affection of smokingㆍdrinking alcohol on studying. At all under, normal, over-weight students: the average sleeping time - 6 hours, the average watching TV time - 1 hour, the average time in using a computer - 1 hour, the methods of releasing a stress - listening to music, yes or no of eating a breakfast : -Taking a breakfast everyday, the preferred snack foods - biscuit, bread, the frequency of eating fast-foods - 1~2 per week, the preferred foods - meats, the preferred beverage - juices. The reason why they do exercise : -To have a healthy body, the reason why they don't excise -having no time to excise, the frequency of drinking alcohol - zero, the affection of smoking and drinking alcohol on studying - It seems to be, yes of no of taking medicines such as tranquilizer, sleeping drug, stimulant - No. The frequency of eating snack-foods : low & normal - everyday / over - 1~2 times. The normal weight students have a better types of self-care status than low or over-weight in the preferences of snack-foods. the over weight students have a better types of self-care status than the normal or low-weight in yes or no of eating a breakfast, the frequency of eating snack-foods, the preferred foods, the cognition on body type. On gender, it shows a meaningful difference that the boy students are higher than the girl students in the physical self-efficacy. On BMI, it shows a meaningful difference that normal weight are higher than low & over weight in the physical self-efficacy. These results show us that we have to develop a systematic and continuous health education programs for juveniles-self that enhance upright types of self-care status and fix the wrong living and eating habits. And these results also show us that we have to prepare the types of self-care status which can be generally tested for juveniles and the development of census on the physical self-efficacy and active practice plan on self-care status.

사북-고한지역이 탄광폐석에 대한 암석학적 특성 연구

백환조,임길재,서백수,민경원,정연태 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

사북 및 고한 지역에 분포하는 동원탄좌와 삼척탄좌에 적치되어 있는 석탄폐석은 대부분 사암과 흑색 셰일로서, 사북광업소의 경우 약 730만 m³, 정암광업소에는 약 830만 m³의 폐석이 적치되어 있다. 동원탄좌 사북광업소의 석탄폐석중 사암은 대부분 평균 입자의 크기가 0.15∼0.9㎜에 해당하는 등립질 조직을 보이는 이질석영사암으로서, 입자의 모양과 원마도에 따른 분류로는 low sphericity의 subrounded grain에 해당된다. 또한 흑색 셰일은 평균 광물 입자의 크기가 0.05㎜ 이하이고 비교적 물결 모양의 충리를 나타내고 있다. 삼척탄좌 정암광업소의 사암은 대부분 평균 입자의 크기가 0.15∼0.3mm의 범위에 해당하는 등립질의 이질석영사암으로서 대체로 low sphericity의 subrounded grain에 해당되며, 흑색 셰일은 평균 장경이 약 0.03∼0.06㎜에 달하고, 충리가 비교적 잘 발달되어 있다. 주성분 원소들의 화학분석 결과에 따르면 동원탄좌 사북광업소의 사암은 삼척탄좌 정암광업소의 사암에 비해 상대적으로 SiO₂의 평균함량이 약간 더 높은 값을 보이고 있는데, 특히 동원탄좌 사북광업소의 일부 사암(D-4 및 D-5)은 치밀한 조직의 석영으로 구성되어 있고, 소량의 점토광물만이 기질을 이루고 있어 건설재료로서 그 활용가치가 높다고 판단된다. 또한 삼척탄좌의 사암(S-3 및 S-4)은 동원탄좌의 사암보다 상대적으로 낮은 SiO₂ 함량과 높은 Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃*, K₂O 및 L.O.I. 함량을 보이는데, 이는 기질을 이루는 점토광물의 양이 상대적으로 많음을 반영한다. 삼척탄전의 석탄폐석에 대한 암석학적 및 지구화학적인 특징에 의하면 사암의 경우는 대체로 건설재료로서 활용이 가능하나, 흑색 셰일의 경우는 비교적 탄질물이 많이 함유되어 있어 직접적인 건설재료로의 이용은 비효율적일 것으로 생각된다. The coal mine waste rocks piled in he Sabuk and Gohan district consist mainly of sandstones and black shales, and the estimated volumes of the waste rocks are about 7,300,000m³ and about 8,300,000m³ at the Sabuk mine, Dongwon Coal Co. and the Jeongam mine, Samchok Coal Co., respectively. Sandstones in the waste pile yard of the Sabuk mine are mainly equigranular argillaceous arenites composed of low spherical and subrounded grains of 0.15∼0.9㎜ in size. Black shales show generally wavy lamination and their average grain sizes are less than 0.05㎜. Sandstones in the waste pile yard of the Jeongam mine are also mainly equigranular argillaceous arenite of low spherical, subrounded and 0.15∼0.3㎜ sized grains, and black shales exhibit well developed laminar structure with grains of 0.03∼0.06㎜ in size. Sandstones at the Sabuk mine have higher SiO₂ contents than those at the Jeongam mine, and especially some sandstones (D-4 and D-5) have extremely high SiO₂ contents, reflecting their compact textured quartz grains with small amounts of argillaceous matrix. Compared with those at the Sabuk mine, Sandstones at the Jeongam mine display lower SiO₂ contents but higher abundances of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, K₂O, and L.O.I., reflecting relatively lower amounts of clay minerals. According to their petrological and geochemical properties, sandstones rather than black shales in the Sabuk and Gohan district could be potentially utilized as raw materials for construction and especially for polymer-concrete, which is now under design for mass production in this area.

푸르니에괴저의 외과적 치료

백정흠,윤상진,오재환 대한대장항문학회 2003 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.19 No.6

全蝎 抽出物이 血栓症, 全腦虛血 및 腦細胞毒性에 미치는 影響

백명현,황영근,정지천,강정준,김성훈 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1999 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.1

본 실험은 전갈 추출물이 어혈병태 모델과 KCN으로 유발된 전뇌허혈, 뇌세포독성 등에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 전갈은 Dextran에 의해 유도된 혈전으로 감소된 혈소판수, fibrinogen량, hemocrit치를 유의성 있게 증가시키고. 증가된 prothrombin time을 유의성 있게 단축시켰다. 전갈은 thrombin과 ADP에 의해 유도된 혈소판 응집을 억제하였으나 collagen에 의해 유도된 혈소판 응집에는 저해효과를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 collagen과 epinephrine에 의해 유도된 pulmonary embolism에 대하여 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 전갈은 KCN에 의한 전뇌허혈 유발 실험에서 혼수시간을 유의성 있게 단축시켰고, Amyloid β protein(25-35)에 의해 유도된 PC12 세포의 독성에 대하여 보호효과를 나타내었다. This following is effect of Buthus martensi Karsch (BMK) extract on dextran-thrombus model, KCN-induced coma, cytotoxicity of brain etc. BMK extract significantly increased number of platelet and fibrogen and significantly shortened the prothrombin time as compared with control group treated with dextran. BMK extract didn't affect the changes of hematocrit as compared with control group treated with dextran. BMK extract induced a significant inhibition of human platelet aggregation induced by thrombin and ADP but did not affect human platelet aggregation induced by collagen. BMK extract showed a protective effect on pulmonary thrombosis induced by collagen and epinephrine. BMK extract prolonged the duration of KCN-induced coma and showed a protective effect on cytotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by amyloid β protein(25-35) in a dose dependent manner. These results suggested that BMK extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatement of thrombosis and brain damage.

작용시간 연장을 위해 고안된 이식형 혼합국소마취제의 효과

백운이,최병영,전영훈,임정옥 경북대학교 의학연구소 2000 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Prolonged Regional Nerve Blockade from Implantable pellets Containing Mixture of Local Anesthetics and Biodegradable Polymer Background: The Currently available local anesthetics have limitations in action duration. The duration ranges from 3 to 8 hours. Long acting anesthetic agents are particularly desirable to manage postoperative pain, relieve severe pain associated with terminal cancer, and for nerve blocks carried out in pain clinics. In this paper mixture of local anesthetics was formulated into cylindrical pellet using biodegradable polymer and its efficacy and safety was evaluated. Methods: Pellets were prepared by modified melting process with biodegradable polyester 30 wt%, bupivacaine 35 wt%, lidocaine 35 wt% and dexamethasone 0.05 wt% of polymer and drug. In vitro release kinetics of local anesthetics from pellet were determined in PBS at pH 7.4. 37℃, and the released local anesthetics were analyzed by HPLC. Nine male Sprague Dawley weighing 300∼350 gm were implanted with pellets along the sciatic nerve and the sensory blockade was assessed by an analgesiometer. The duration data were analyzed by paired t-test using SAS 6.11 Results: Local anesthetics were released in a controlled manner in vitro. In general, 40~50% of the drug released for the first day, and thereafter approximately 5% released daily. Sensory blockade lasted to beyond 2 days at the dose of 7 mg/100 g bupivacaine and lidocaine respectively. All of the animals exhibited no systemic toxicity and complete recovery. Conclusions: The results indicated that the mixture pellet demonstrated efficient and safe in prolongation of sensory blockade for significant period of time. The mechanisms underlying the mixture effect are under investigation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1998; 34; 493∼478)