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정맥내 통증자가조절법을 이용한 Nalbuphine-Ketorolac과 Butorphanol-Ketorolac의 술후 진통효과 비교
윤석화,이원형,손수창,신용섭,김윤희,양신영 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1
This study aimed to compare analgegic efficacy, satisfaction score and side effect of nalbuphine-ketorolac and butorphanol-ketorolac by using intravenous patient controlled analgesia(IV-PCA) for postoperative anlgesia following a gastrectomy for stomach cancer. Ninety patients who had undergone gastrectomy for stomach cancer under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. Each group recieived nalbuphine 50mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 1, n=45) and butorphanol 5mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 2, n=45) by using IV-PCA during postoperative 48hrs. Assessments for pain with numerical rating scale(NRS), and side effects were evaluated at 2hr, 6hr, 12hr, 24hr, 36hr and 48hr after the operation. There were no significant difference in NRS for pain during rest, but Group 2 requested significantly greater amount of supplementary diclofenac during first 24 hours. Side effects were higher Group 1 in pruritus, nausea and vomiting and Group 2 in sedation, nausea and vomiting. This study suggests that adding ketorolac with intravenous nalbuphine or butrophanol in using an intravenous PCA can decrease analgesics requirement and improve analgesic property without the major morbidity like respiratory depression, but needs for the careful observation and treatment on the side effects like nausea. vomiting, pruritis and sedation...
Midazolam의 백서 기관평활근 이완효과와 Flumazenil의 길항작용
윤석화,신용섭,손수창,이원형,김혜자,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2
Midazolam have been used widely as adjuvants in both regional and general anesthesia and in high risk patients in the intensive care unit. In the present study we evaluated the effect of midazolam and antagonistic effect of flumazenil on isolated rat tracheal preparations mounted for recording isometric contractile force. Trachea smooth muscle were contracted with acetylcholine (10^-5M, Ach) and potassium chloride (40mM KC1). Midazolam 5x10 exp (-6)M and 5x10 exp (-5)M produced dose-dependent relaxation and flumazenil (3.2 x 10 exp (-7)M), central antagonist of benzodiazepine, pretreatment had no significant change midazolaminduced relaxation. Midazolam probably did not relax airway smooth muscle by activatong central benzodiazepine receptors, as flumazenil did not block the concentration-related relaxation of midazolam. Our study suggests that flumazenil may be used satety for asthmatic patients who have been with midazolam, as flumazenil did not antagonize airway relaxation elicited by midazolam.
현석천,이종안,박준석,박상문,김갑득,장인성,김승열,송화식 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2
Severe head injury is associated with a stress response that includes hyperglycemia, which has been shown to worse outcome during cerebral ischemia. To better define the relationship between head injury and hyperglycemia, admission glucose level were analyzed in 150 head injured patients from January 1995 to December 1995. Our retrospective study demonstrated a higher glucose level in patients with low Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score, especially at 3-5 GCS score, compared to those with high GCS scores. Also a higher glucose level was noted in patients with vegetative state and dead than in those with good recovery and moderate disability. Hyperglycemia(serum glucose level≥200mg%) was associated with decreased level of consciousness and a poor outcome. We conclude that admission hyperglycemia is a significant indicator of severity of injury(p<0.001), but not significant predictor outcome from head injury. After controlling for the influence of the GCS score, glucose levels do not have an independent effect on outcome.
OFDMA 기반 이동통신시스템을 위한 핸드오버 알고리즘
강창순,염동화,석종원 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-
The wireless broadband (WiBro) system supports high quality internet data services with medium user's mobility. Towards this end, the system uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology and the same frequency in every cell. To provide high-speed seamless services, handover functionality is needed. In this paper a handover algorithm for the WiBro system is proposed. Two kinds of OFDM channels are considered in the algorithm : diversity channel and safety channel. The handover algorithm is composed of intra-cell handover and inter cell handover using safety channels. In particular, the safety channel is used for the mobile users when the received signal quality is degraded. Performance analysis results show that the quality of service can be significantly improved by reducing the interference effect among OFDM channels.
0.5% Bupivacaine을 이용한 척수마취시 마취제의 비중이 마취효과에 미치는 영향
김창열,윤석화,김혜자,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1992 충남의대잡지 Vol.19 No.1
Effects of solutions of 0.5% bupivacaine, containing different concentrations of dextrose (0%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%) were studied after intrathecal injection in seven (Group A-Group G) groups of 15 patients. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mean specific gravity of solutions was 1.0065, 1.0087, 1.0092, 1.0094, 1.0152, 1.0198 and 1.0314 (Group A-Group G). These values are isobaric (Group A, B), hyperbaric (Group E, F, G), and slightly hyperbaric (Group C, D) compared to cerebrospinal fluid at 25℃. 2. The mean maximum level of sensory block was increased according to the increment of specific gravity of the solutions. But no significant differences between Group A and B, Group C and D, Group E, F, and G. 3. The mean time of sensory block to T11 was decreased according to the increment of specific gravity of the solutions. 4. The mean time to the expected level (T4) of sensory block at given dosage of each solution was 25.7, 18.4, 9.7 minutes(Group E, F, G, respectively). 5. Complete motor block of the legs was rapid according to the increment of specific gravity of the solutions.
최은화,서창호,임종태,김석우 公州大學校 工學硏究院 生産技術硏究所 2003 論文集 Vol.11 No.-
Biometric encryption refers to a process of secure key management. Biometric encryption does not directly provide a mechanism for the encryption/decryption of data, but rather provides a replacement to typical passcode key-protection protocols. Although the process of biometric encryption can be applied to any biometric image, the initial implementation was achieved using fingerprint images.
개념 기반의 코스웨어 표현 방법과 이를 이용한 인터넷 기반의 코스웨어 저작 도구의 구현
김만석,김창화 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2002 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.5 No.2
지능형 컴퓨터 보조교육(ICAI : Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction) 시스템은 전문가 모듈, 교사모듈, 학습자 모듈, 접속 모듈 등의 4가지 모듈로 구성하는 것이 일반적이다. 각 모듈 구성에 있어 교과 내용과 평가 문제, 평가 결과와 진단, 진단 결과에 따른 처방 등의 관련 전략을 효율적이고 체계적으로 제어하기 위한 규칙이 필요하다. 이를 위해 교과 과정을 일정한 단위로 구분하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 구분된 단위간에 연관성을 부여하고 이를 참고로 학습 진행과 평가, 진단, 처방의 모든 과정에 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 구분된 단위(개념)와 연관성(관계)을 그래프 형식으로 나타내는 방법을 제안하였다. 또한, 이 개념을 적용하여 인터넷 상에서 여러 전문가가 협력하여 동시에 코스웨어를 구축할 수 있는 환경을 지원하는 인터넷 기반의 코스웨어 저작 도구를 구현하였다. It is general that the ICAI(Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction) consists of 4 modules. Export module, Teacher module, Student module and Interface module. In each module construction, there should be some rules to control strategies efficiently and systematically that are related to the texts and assessment instruments, assessment results and evaluation, feedback, etc. It is necessary to use a method to classify the curriculum into sections with units and to represent the identified relationships between them. These relationships are available to all the process of learning, assessment, evaluation and feedback. In this paper, we propose the method to represent these units and relationships as a graph. In addition, we implement an internet-based courseware authoring tool to support the environment in which several experts can construct concurrently the courseware with cooperation between them.