Neuropathic Pain의 동물모델에서 유발된 Thermal Hyperalgesia에 대한 Clonidine의 효과

윤석화,오세철,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

The effects of intraperitoneal injection(i.p.) of the alpha 2 adrenal receptive agonist, clonidine on the thermal hyperalgesia produced by unilateral patially tight ligation of the sciatic nerve was studied in rats. First in the preoperative and postoperative Mays, paw withdrawal latency of both hind paw(lesioned,unlesioned) with heat stimulant was tested. After that, each groups of rats injected saline, clonidine 10㎍/kg, or clonidine 50㎍/kg. I.p.10㎍/kg and 50㎍/kg clonidine, paw withdrawal latency of lesioned side significantly reduced than saline group. It is suggested systemical clonidine may be useful in treating neuropathic pain in humans.

英語의 變異音에 對한 考察

尹錫花 圓光大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

In order to identify the major sources of difficulties in listening comprehension, various attempts and efforts have been made by specialists in the TESOL field. However, this rearch is the first of its kind in the sense that the problems of comprehension errors are investigated with special reference to the transcription errors of Korean students and that the contextual variations of sounds in connected utterances are identified as a major source of comprehension difficulties. It is argued in this paper that the mastering of phonetic changer and neutralizations are no less important for the sucessful learning of spoken English than the knowledge of phonemic contrasts, vocabulary, and grammar. In conducting this study, the writer used the following frames of reference for discussion: 1) Assimilation of Sounds 2) Dissimilation of Sounds 3) Sound Variation by Addition 4) Ellision of Sounds 5) Metathesis of Sounds 6) Sound Changes In phonetic research of sound units, a multi-complexity method of sound analysis hasbeen applied for the prupose of eliciting some bona fide patterns of free variations in English language.

Top Manager’s Efficacy Beliefs and Organizational Outcomes: An Application of Social Cognitive Theory

윤석화 서울대학교 경영연구소 2007 Seoul Journal of Business Vol.13 No.2

Top managers have been an area of active research in strategic management. The difficulty in accessing top manager has limited researchers to focusing on top managers demographic characteristics to explore their influence on organizational outcomes. These demographic characteristics have been considered as surrogates of top managers cognition. However this approach has critical limitations (Markoczy,1997), and a cognitive approach will enhance our understanding of top managers influence on the organization. Recognizing this issue, I propose a cognitive approach to top management research. Specifically, top managers efficacy beliefs are conceptualized based on Social Cognitive Theory. Further, I develop several propositions on the effectsof top manager efficacy beliefs on organizational outcomes.

18F-2-Deoxy-2-Fluoro-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography: Computed Tomography for Preoperative Staging in Gastric Cancer Patients

윤석화,윤기영,서경원,이상호,신연명 대한위암학회 2012 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.12 No.3

Purpose: The use of 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography as a routine preoperative modality is increasing for gastric cancer despite controversy with its usefulness in preoperative staging. In this study we aimed to determine the usefulness of preoperative positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans for staging of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 396 patients’ positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans acquired for preoperative staging from January to December 2009. Results: The sensitivity of positron emission tomography-computed tomography for detecting early gastric cancer was 20.7% and it was 74.2% for advanced gastric cancer. The size of the primary tumor was correlated with sensitivity, and there was a positive correlation between T stage and sensitivity. For regional lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity and specificity of the positron emission tomographycomputed tomography were 30.7% and 94.7%, respectively. There was no correlation between T stage and maximum standardized uptake value or between tumor markers and maximum standardized uptake value. Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was detected by positron emission tomography-computed tomography in 24 lesions other than the primary tumors. Among them, nine cases were found to be malignant, including double primary cancers and metastatic cancers. Only two cases were detected purely by positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Conclusions: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography could be useful in detecting metastasis or another primary cancer for preoperative staging in gastric cancer patients, but not for T or N staging. More prospective studies are needed to determine whether positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans should be considered a routine preoperative imaging modality.

정맥내 통증자가조절법을 이용한 Nalbuphine-Ketorolac과 Butorphanol-Ketorolac의 술후 진통효과 비교

윤석화,이원형,손수창,신용섭,김윤희,양신영 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

This study aimed to compare analgegic efficacy, satisfaction score and side effect of nalbuphine-ketorolac and butorphanol-ketorolac by using intravenous patient controlled analgesia(IV-PCA) for postoperative anlgesia following a gastrectomy for stomach cancer. Ninety patients who had undergone gastrectomy for stomach cancer under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. Each group recieived nalbuphine 50mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 1, n=45) and butorphanol 5mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 2, n=45) by using IV-PCA during postoperative 48hrs. Assessments for pain with numerical rating scale(NRS), and side effects were evaluated at 2hr, 6hr, 12hr, 24hr, 36hr and 48hr after the operation. There were no significant difference in NRS for pain during rest, but Group 2 requested significantly greater amount of supplementary diclofenac during first 24 hours. Side effects were higher Group 1 in pruritus, nausea and vomiting and Group 2 in sedation, nausea and vomiting. This study suggests that adding ketorolac with intravenous nalbuphine or butrophanol in using an intravenous PCA can decrease analgesics requirement and improve analgesic property without the major morbidity like respiratory depression, but needs for the careful observation and treatment on the side effects like nausea. vomiting, pruritis and sedation...

지배-결속이론에서의 영어의 代用語에 관한 연구

윤석화 圓光大學校 大學院 1996 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of Chomsky's Binding theory in determining the relation Between anaphor and its antecedent and to solve their problems on the syntactic level. This relation is described by the binding theory, one of the Subsystems of Universal Grammar (UG: bounding theory, theta-theory, case theory, control theory, binding theory, government theory). Chomsky's binding theory is originated Specified Subject Condition (SSC) and Tensed-S Condition (TSC) imposed on movement conditions. He proposed to reformulate the SSC and TSC as the opacity condition and Nominative Island Condition, respectively along with the general of case assignment. Chomsky basically supposes the notion of 'Subject' in determining the relation between nominal expressions and their antencedents. It is well manifested through the NIC and SSC of Chomsky (1980), the Governing Category with accessible SUBJECT in Chomsky (1981). On the basis of subject, Chomsky constructs an interpretive domain and tries to associate nominal expressions with their antecedent domain, by means of coreferentially in the case of anaphors and disjoint reference in the case of pronoun. The notion of accessible SUBJECT within governing category is very important to anaphor. However, using the notion of accessible SUBJECT gives wrong result. In the searching for the solutions in these constructions, various view of the Binding Theory put forth by Manzini, Huang, and Bouahard are surveyed and the explanatory powers of the views are comared with example testings. Particularily, Bouchard's binding theory has explanatory adquacy of anaphor. He classified anphor into 3 levels: syntatic, semantic and morphological (true or false). Anaphor has the following properties on a synatatic level. 1) have an antecedent 2) must be c-command by its antecedent 3) its antecedeent must be contained in some specific domain. In this theses, I have presented three problems for the analysis of anaphor. 1) not all PPs are same with respect to accepting reflexives and pronouns 2) reflexives do not always pattern with reciprocal 3) using the notion of accessible SUBJECT gives wrong wrong result. So these problems can be solved combining the two theories of Bouchard and Chomsky.

어휘지식에 대한 습득 할당

윤석화 현대문법학회 2001 현대문법연구 Vol.25 No.-

Seok-Hwa Yoon. 2001. Earning Dividends on Lexical Knowledge. Studies in Modern Grammar 25, 139-155. In this paper, we argue that natural language processing requires dictionaries more sophisticated than any currently available. This paper describes a project to meet that need by automating lexicography. The automated lexicography system undertaken here "runs syntax in reverse," examining sentences to detect lexical features by their syntactic effects. This project envisions processing large bodies of edited, free text, such as newspapers, in order to identify the lexical features of words. The project described here focuses initially the acquisition of lexical features in the area of aspect. The requirements for acquiring these features for a large segment of the language are examined. The conclusion is that automated lexicography, while complex, is feasible and worthwhile.

[나를 움직인 한마디] 그러니까… 오래 해

윤석화 샘터사 1999 월간 샘터 Vol.30 No.6

變形文法과 There의 分析

尹錫花 圓光大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

There are two classes in there. The function of there, though there are many differe-nt opinions in its function and name in the construction of "There‥‥‥" among English Grammarians, may be classified into two classes; (a) demonstrative There with effective stress, prounciation of [??], the meaning of "at the palce", playing the part of pronominal adverb in sentence structure. (b) There to indicate existence with no stress, pronunciation of [??], no clean meaning, taking change of grammatical (formal subject) function. In case of (b), it is called existencial there, empty there, preparatory there, subject there, formal subject, expletive there, etc‥‥‥And the case of )b) seems to be an object of concern in the transformational grammar. The generative transformational grammar initiated by Noam Chomsky in the '60s' has come to challenge the dogma of the structuralists and to offer new theores of language acquisition as well as of linguistics. On this paper, especially treat this expletive " there" and generalize characteristics of expletive "there" into seven items. Upon this, the aim of this paper is to examine There which is characterized like the abovementioned, based on transformational gram-mar in division into three groups; (1) Formulating Three-Insertion Rule (2) Application ordering There-Insertion Rule (3) Grammaticality of There sentence structure As to expletive There sentence in English, the simple assertion that the traditional grammar and transformational grammar only insert There in sentence, seems not to be sufficient grammatical explanation. So, the following is needed pressenting. Firstly, to insert There in sentence, characte-ristics which There sentence have, are presented as condition and then. There sentence is followed by this condition. Secondly, There sentence which is derived, after applicat-ion of There-Insertion Rule must keep rule ordering among related different transform-ational rule. Thirdly, There sentence is various in sentence structure in accordance with the following verb after There. Such a sentence will be know by grammaticality presented, after application of transformational rule. I am sure that the various remark which I have quoted from English Grammarians such as Otto Jesperson. Andrian Akmajian & Henry Frank, John R.Ross etc. are rega-rded as a full explanation in making out the problems of this study.

中學英語敎育 意思疏通能力 伸張을 위한 硏究

윤석화,이익재 원광대학교 교과교육연구소 1999 교과교육연구 Vol.1 No.1