다제내성 그람양성균에 대한 Linezolid(Zyvox^(�))의 시험관내 항균력 비교

박대원,정희진,엄중식,황병연,김성범,이재갑,이연주,정혜원,정성주,박재형,이진수,손장욱,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

배경 : MRSA, VRE, VRSA같은 다제 내성 그람 양성균의 등장에 따라 glycopeptide를 대체할 새로운 항생제의 개발이 필요하게 되었고 결과적으로 새로운 항생제인 linezolid라는 항생제가 개발되었다. Linezolid는 이전의 항생제와는 다른 새로운 계열의 oxazolidinone으로 경구 이용률이 우수하다. 원내 및 원외감염의 중요한 원인균이 되고 있는 MRSA, VRE에 대한 적절한 경구용 항균제가 없는 국내에서 폐렴 및 피부 연조직 감염에서 경구용으로 사용해 볼 수 있는 약제이다. 본 연구에서는 고대 구로 병원에서 분리된 MRSA, VRE 등을 대상으로 다른 여러 항균제와 비교한 linezolid의 시험관내 항균력을 조사하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 연구대상은 1998년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 본원에서 입원 및 외래를 통하여 피부 연조직 감염증 및 호흡기 감염증, 요로감염증으로 진단된 환자들의 가검물로부터 분리된 MRSA 60균주, VRE 43균주, PRSP 25균주를 액체배지 또는 한천배지 희석법을 통하여 linezolid 및 기타 항균제에 대한 최소발육억제농도를 구하였다. 결과 : 실험에 사용한 S. aureus는 모두 MRSA였고 이들은 linezolid에 대해 MIC_(90) 2㎍/㎖(MIC 범위 1-2㎍/㎖), Enterococcus spp는 모두 VRE로 linezolid의 MIC_(90)은 2㎍/㎖로 MIC 범위는 1-4㎍/㎖였다. 한 개의 균주에서 MIC 4㎍/㎖로 중등도 감수성을 보였으나 MIC breakpoint가 (8㎍/㎖인 내성균주는 없고 모두 감수성을 보였다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 penicillin 내성이었고, linezolid MIC_(90) 1㎍/㎖ (MIC 범위 0.5-1㎍/㎖)로 전부 감수성을 보였다. 결론 : Linezolid는 MRSA를 위시한 VRE, PRSP 등의 다제 내성 그람 양성균에 대하여 우수한 시험관내 항균력을 보임을 알 수 있었다. Background : The emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, VRE, and VRSA, necessitated to develop new antibiotics, which could replace the glycopeptide. As a result, a new antibiotics named linezolid was developed. Linezolid is different line of oxazolidinones with a good oral bioavailability, compared to other antibiotics. Since appropriate oral antibiotics are not presently available for MRSA, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections, the introduction of linezolid will have favorable effect on treatment of infections such as pneumonia or skin infections. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic effect of linezolid on MRSA and VRE isolated from patients who were treated in Korea University Guro Hospital. Material and Methods : By using broth microdilution and agar dilution method we measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with sixty S. aureus, forty three Enterococcus spp., and twenty five S. pneumoniae isolates from patients who were diagnosed as skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and urinary infections in Korea University Guro Hospital from January, 1998 to December, 2002. Results : All of S. aureus used in this study were MRSA, and MIG_(90) of linezolid was below 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1-2 ㎍/㎖). All of Enterococcus spp. were VRE, and had MIG_(90) of 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1 to 4 ㎍/㎖). One of the VRE showed intermediate susceptibility with MIC of 4 ㎍/㎖. However, none was resistant with MIC breakpoint above 8 ㎍/㎖. All of S. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin, but they were susceptible to linezolid with MICao of 1 ㎍/㎖(MIC range 0.5-1㎍/㎖). Conclusion : In conclusions, linezolid has an excellent in vitro antibiotic effect on multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, PRSP, and VRE.

In Our Time에 나타난 헤밍웨이의 역사의식 : 정신적 방황과 극복의 문제

박병주 忠州大學校 1999 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

Hemingway's In our Time presents a world of thorough disorientation. Spiritual deadness, aimless wandering and conflicts between genders and cultures - these emerge as Heingway's concerns in In our Time. The story suggests powerfully that we may understand our time as the communal loss of temporal, geographical, and cultural certainties. In our Time shows the decay of what must once have seemed fundamental values: religion, intimate human relationships, hierarchies of culture and class, masculine authority. The wanderers of Hemingway's stories are at once empty and revelatory of these profound changes; however, Hemingway's believes in the last short stories that we may escape from mental dilemma. In conclusion, we can say that Hemingway's work is most astonishing in capacity to evoke within its small compass such a rich variety of human predicaments.

입지여건에 따른 원룸형 다가구주택의 계획개선책 연구

박병희,이동주,최무혁 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to plan alternatives for Improving the residential environment of studio type multiplex To accomplish this, purpose, method and process of this study are as follow First, sampling of case 74 drawings of studio type multiplex around the K-university are sampled by field survey Secondly, problem-seeking By analyzing the drawings, problems of residential environment are conceived Thirdly, problem-solving through the analysis of 74 drawings, the alternatives of problem-solving are derived out Fourth, synthesis of alternatives each alternatives are applicable to the real design Finally, designing considering the site and street condition, three designs i e hall-type, side aisle type and middle aisle type, have been developed For the process of design, It is derived out several valuable results as follows First, the type can be chosen by considering the site condition, hall-type is applicable to the 'Small-square site, side aisle type is applicable to the longish site, and middle aisle type is applicable to the huge-longish Site Secondly, the number of studio is decided by focusing not only rent profit but site condition and residential environment Thirdly, middle entrance of the building, facing the long side of the studio to the air outside(then sharing the short side of the studio with near studio), cluster type plan, providing enough the built-in storage space are very useful and have many effect In Improving the residential environment of studio type multiplex

나노구조형 Carbon/TiO_2 광촉매의 제조 및 특성

박수진,김병주,이종문 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구에서는 나노구조형 cellulose/TiO_2를 탄화시켜 나노구조형 carbon/TiO_2 광촉매를 제조하였으며, 이때 담지체인 carbon과 촉매인 TiO_2의 미세구조가 carbon/TiO_2 광촉매의 광활성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. Carbon/TiO_2의 제조 과정에 따른 화학적 조성의 변화는 EDS를 통해 알아보았으며, 표면 관능기는 FT-IR을 통하여 분석하였다. 또한 시료의 미세구조와 비표면적은 XRD와 BET를 통해 각각 알아보았으며, 제조한 광촉매의 광활성은 UV하에서 전분 분해실험을 통해 알아보았다. 실험 결과, 탄화과정 후에도 TiO_2상은 anatase형을 취하고 있으며, 제조된 carbon/TiO_2 광촉매는 순수한 TiO_2보다 다소 높은 광활성을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 탄화과정이 진행됨에 따라 초기 담지체인 cellulose의 질량손실에서 기인된 carbon표면의 TiO_2양의 상대적인 증가와, TiO_2의 결정 크기의 증가로 인한 결정의 광흡수가 증가 때문인 것으로 사료되며, carbon/ TiO_2가 담지체의 특성 때문에 순수한 TiO_2보다 상대적으로 큰 비표면적을 가지기 때문인 것으로 사료되어진다. In this work, nanostructured carbon/ TiO_2 photocatalysts were made by the carbonization of cellulose/ TiO_2 which was prepared by anchoring the TiO_2 on the surfaces of cellulose particles in order to improve the photoactivity of pure TiO_2. The surface properties of the photocatalysts were studied in the context of FT-IR and XRD measurements. The specific surface areas and elemental compositions of the photocatalysts were studied in volumetric N_2/77 K measurement and EDS, respectively. The photoactivities of the photocatalysts were evaluated using a photo-decomposition method under UV light. The experimental results showed that the TiO_2 crystal phases of the carbon/ TiO_2 had an anatase-from revealed by WAXRD. The carbon/ TiO_2 was observed to have a better photoactivity than that of pure TiO_2. This result was probably due to the relatively increased specific surface areas of the carbon/ TiO_2, compared to pure TiO_2 and to the growth TiO_2 crystals that caused increased light absorption of TiO_2 in carbon/ TiO_2.

瓦松이 자라의 心筋收縮力에 미치는 영향

朴炳周,朴海根 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.2

Orostachys malacophyllus Fischer(Tsume Renge) is a kind of medical plant from remote antiquity. But the compositions of the plant and their actions have not known yet. Sometimes, it is used in the folk remedies for treatment of the malignant diseases. This study was attempted to investigate the effects of the water extract of Tsume Renge on the contractile force of the isolated turtle heart and the mechanism of the action. The isolated ventricular muscle was suspended in the glass bath containg Hartman solution. When the equilibrium of the contractile force of the muscle was reached, the force of the muscle was determined as a value of the control group and compared with those of the experimental group. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The contractile force of the isolated ventricular muscle was increased by the water extract of Tsume Renge, and the increased ratio was proportional to the dose of the water extract. 2. Sympathetic blocker ; hexamethonium, alpha-blocker; pressamina, and beta-blocker; propranolol had no effect on the contractile force of the muscle. 3. The action of the water extract on the contractile force of the muscle was inhibited completely by the calcium channel blocker, verapamil (10^-4M). From the above results, it was suggested that the increment of the contractile force of the isolated ventricular muscle might be related to calcium which was mobilized from the plasma membrane or organelle in the myocyte by the water extract of Tsume Renge, and was increased the concentration by the inhibition of the movement of calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum with resultants of excitation-contraction coupling.

마늘의 첨가가 두부의 품질과 저장성에 미치는 영향

박연주,남영란,전병록,오남순,인만진 한국응용생명화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.4

마늘이 함유되어 있는 기능성 두부를 제조함에 있어 마늘의 첨가량이 두부의 품질과 저장성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 건조 대두를 기준으로 마늘을 5-20% 첨가하여 제조한 두부의 수율, 물성 및 저장성을 마늘을 첨가하지 않고 제조한 일반두부와 비교하였다. 두부의 수율은 마늘의 첨가량에 비례하여 다소 감소하였으나 그 영향은 미미하였다. 마늘의 첨가량이 5∼10%인 경우 두부의 물성 중 견고성이 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, 마늘을 20%사용한 두부는 견고성, 부착성, 응집성, 탄성, 씹힘성이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 제조한 두부를 15℃로 보관하면서 pH와 총균수의 변화를 측정한 결과 마늘의 첨가량에 비례하여 두부와 두부 침지액에서 pH 하락과 미생물 생육이 효율적으로 지연되었다. 두부 제조시 마늘의 첨가량은 5∼10%가 적당하였다. The effect of garlic addition on quality and shelf-life of soybean curd was investigated. The yield of garlic soybean curd slightly decreased in proportion to amount of garlic added. In the case of texture, hardness of the garlic, soybean curd increased when 5~10% garlic wat added, whereas hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness significantly decreased in the case of 20% garlic added. Microbial counts of soybean curd stored in sterilized distilled water as tofu-immersion solution increased, whereas pH decreased during storage at 15℃. During all storage periods, microbial counts of the soybean curds containing garlic were always lower than that of the ordinary soybean curd. These results imply that garlic is a useful additive in suppressing the proliferation of aerobic microorganism and has a potential use in extending the shelf-life of soybean curd. According to yield, textural properties and shelf-life data, the suitable concentration of garlic was around 5~10%.

스포츠 스타 이미지와 스포츠 브랜드 인식의 관계

박병주 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

A survey was conducted among 547 students from junior high schools, high schools and universities to provide basic information on sports brand positioning, which determines decisions of sports product consumers through examining a correlation between images of sports stars and recognition of sports brands, and to contribute to diversification and vitalization of domestic sports marketing, and the results were as follows. It revealed that appearance of sports stars did not affect their recognition and images noticeably, but their performance was a factor in influencing their recognition and images considerably. In addition, although the evaluation of sports stars did not affect their recognition, it became a factor in affecting images of sports brands. Furthermore, the sensibility of sports stars produced noticeable effects on recognition and images of sports brands. As shown by a research, a formation of sports brand recognition and images led to repurchase behaviors by consumers. Therefore, corporations are in a position to establish a strategy to enhance reputation of sports stars and obtain better results. Moreover, a marketing promotional strategy is needed to attract interest of consumers in sports through active promotion of sports stars and acquisition of their fans by corporations in order for consumers to display their active purchase behaviors by making a deep impressing on brand recognition and images in their mind.

朝鮮王朝의 軍船定額變遷에 關한 硏究

朴炳柱 圓光大學校大學院 1982 學位論叢 Vol.8-1 No.-

The Rhee dynasty was an unparalleled naval state in history which steadily possessed 700 to 800 warships for 500 reigning years. As the possession of warships in Korea can be traced back to the Korea dynasty in 14C., it is said to have poss essed warships one or two centuries prior to the advanced European Countries. In this thesis, the historical changes of the fixed number of warships among all the naval institutions of .the Rhee dynasty was studied in connection with the defense igainst the Japanese invasion as follows; 1. In the latter years of the Korea dynasty when the Japanese invaders were most serious, the construction was very meagure due to the tenacious insistence of the disadvange of the naval defense. But King Woo's (32th) foresightedness was condusive to the construction of the warships and around the declining years of the Korea dynasty, there remained about 400 warships, which were all handed over to the Rhee dynasty. 2. Taejong, the 3rd King of the Rhee dynasty was very positive in defending and sweeping the Japanese invaders, and increased the number of warships, received from the Korea dynasty, from 400 to 800, and finally contributed to demolishing the Japanese vicious ambition of invasion, by making a conquest of Daemado island, of which conquest is called "Gihae-dongjung" in history. 3. Afterwards, as a result of the Japanese invasion being reduced, the naval institution got loose and the number of warships was maturally decreased. Furthermore, during the reingning years of King of Sungjong (9th), the naval forces were engaged in building castles, deep in the inland and aided in the acceleration of the growth of the land forces, but hurting the self-growth. 4. Imjin War (between Korea and Japan) was a national crisis which we surmounted when the naval forces of the Rhee dynasty were the weakest. The fixed number of warships at that time was assumed 670, based on the number of warships allotted to the Jeolla Left Naval Base. It is a well known historical fact that Admiral Lee Sun-shin won a great vectory in this war. 5. After Imjin War, the Rhee dynasty set about to rebuild the naval forces and raised its quality to the level written in "Gyungguk-daejon". From then on, having almost no invasion from Japan, it is surmised that they neglected in training soldiers and only possessed warships, Morever, during the reign of King Jeon gjo (22th), the schedule of using the warships in transporting grains was bery actively discussed. Owing to this inclination, the naval forces were on a rapid decline. 6. Entering 19C., western ships appeared very often along the coastline of this peninsula, but they didn't take any effective measure against these subsequent incidents. In the middle of the 19C., the incidents of the General Sherman, an A merican ship, and Byungin-yangyo (invasion of French ships) were big chances for the naval forces to make an attempt to renovate itself, but ended in vain. In reality, the naval forces of the Rhee dynasty had an unparalleled long tradition and played a decisive role in achieving a victory in liujin War, but such along tradition didn't contribute to the scientific reformation. As a result of such superficial successicn of tradition, tie naval fcrees becameso weak that they couldn't resist the solid; stream of western forces flowing over to this peninsula.

Gabriel's Self-Recognition in Joyce's "The Dead"

朴炳珠 忠州大學校 1997 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.32 No.1

제임스 조이스(1882-1941)는 22세에 더블린을 떠나 유럽에서 생활했지만 그의 작품의 대부분은 더블린이 소재가 된다. 약관의 나이에 「더블린사람들」을 써서 작가로서의 역량을 유감없이 보여주었으며 이후 현대영국소설가로서 확고한 위치를 점했다. 이 단편집은 너무 소심하고 순응주의자들이어서 현실을 있는 그대로 직시하지 못하는 사람들에 대한 이야기의 모음집이다. 특히 단편 「즉은 사람들」은 놀랄만한 업적으로 평가된다. 즉 앞 14편의 작품들을 파괴하지 않고 종장으로서 마비의 주제를 일관성 있게 추구하고 있기 때문이다. 조이스 비평에 있어서 핵심주제라고 할 수 있는 더블린사람들의 도덕적. 물질적 마비를 확장해서 자유초절의 모티브까지 연결시키고 있는 이 작품은 열린 결말이 특히 주목된다. 매년 되풀이되는 파티장면이 반 이상의 내용이지만 후반부에 주인공 가브리엘의 자기인식이 이 단편의 이해에 몹시 중요하다. 주인공 가브리엘은 아주머니가 개최한 즐거운 크리스마스 파티에 참석하고 돌아오면 근처의 호텔에서 아내의 사랑을 확인하려는 욕망과 그 좌절을 겪는다. 파티의 손님중 하나가 부른 노래 때문에 아내는 여러 해전 자기를 사랑하다 폐렴으로 죽은 젊은이를 떠올린 것이다. 가브리엘은 그녀가 자신에게 몰입되어 있다고 생각하지만 실상은 다른 남자를 생각하고 있었던 것이다. 아내에 대한 소유욕을 상실하고 마침내 아내에 대한 이해와 자기인식으로 잠이 든다. 개인의 정체성 상실과 그 극복이라는 시각에서 볼 때 이 소설의 주제는 아일랜드의 더블린에 국한된 것이 아니라 현대인의 정신적 위기진단으로 해석한 수 있다. 사회 속에서. 남녀를 제시함과 동시에 개인적 문제를 제시하는 점은 주목할 만하다. 고독한 현대인 가브리엘은 자의식적 문필가로서 국립대학 졸업생이며 대학선생이다. 그는 이 소설의 의식의 중심이며 파티에 참석한 손님들을 사회적 지적 열등자라고 느끼면서 이기적인 만족을 하지만 여러 번 자신의 이기주의가 깨지고 마침내 아내 그레타 때문에 자기인식에 이른다. 아내의 계시에서 받은 충격으로 이기적 자아를 깨닫고 변화한다는 점에서 자기반성적 특질을 보이는 것이다.

카버의 단편소설에 나타난 텔레비전문화 비판 : 『우리가 사랑에 관해 이야기할 때 말하는 것』을 중심으로

박병주 忠州大學校 2009 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.44 No.-

In general, the criticism of Raymond Carver's short stories tends to take two directions because he is regarded as formal innovator as well as social realist. The first assigns Carver to minimalist school of fiction in 1970s. The second emphasizes the social and economic content. I resolve second direction in this essay. This paper aims to show that television culture is a rather hostile to American working class through analyzing What We Talk About When We Talk About Love in terms of social protest fiction. Thus, this study examines four short stories, "Why Don't You Dance?", "Mr coffee and Mr Fixit", "The Bath" and "After the Denim" in What We Talk About When We Talk About Love in order to identify the fact that Carver regards TV as an inhibitor of critical self-examination. Carver's stories take place at home where TV serves as cocoon against consideration of social discontent. In view of analyzing short stories we can say that television and its impact on working class are dominant in What We Talk About When We Talk About Love. Carver puts an emphasis on TV as the shaper of consciousness. Carver also shows the absence of working-class' critical reflection by television's static immediacy. For this reason, he is concerned with working class people's tragedies and failure to self-critical consciousness symbolized by television. In conclusion, it can be said that Carver greatly contributed to our understanding of television culture and working class in contemporary American society.