지난 2년간의 학회지 "신경정신의학" 심사 평가보고

김찬형,김세주,김도관,김성곤,박원명,송동호,박용천,이영문,오강섭,정영철,이상열,김주한,이동영,이헌정,함병주,김율리,김문두,김정진,이강욱,천근아,김재진,홍진표,홍승철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

청소년 인터넷 중독 검사 방법의 통계적 고찰 및 개선 -Young의 척도를 중심으로

박찬정 ( Chan Jung Park ),김형철 ( Hyung Chul Kim ),고영민 ( Young Min Ko ),현정석 ( Jung Suk Hyun ),김철민 ( Cheol Min Kim ) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2010 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.4

국내외에서 이루어진 기존의 인터넷 중독 검사에 대한 연구는 다양하며 방대하지만, 대부분의 연구가 중독도 검사를 위한 항목추출이거나 항목들을 이용한 중독도 분석이었지 항목간의 분석을 통한 차별화는 이루어지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 리즈렐과 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용하여 Young의 인터넷 중독 검사방법을 고찰하고 문제점을 지적한 후, 검사 방법에 대한 대안을 제안한다. 이를 위해 Young의 척도를 이용하여 청소년 440명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하고, 요인분석을 통해 Young 척도의 문제점을 분석한다. 또한, 데이터 마이닝 알고리즘인 J48 및 PART를 이용하여 설문문항들 중에서 인터넷 중독도를 구분 지을 수 있는 항목들을 선별하고 이를 기반으로 인터넷 중독 학생들을 진단하고 처방하는데 활용하는 방법을 제안한다. So far, the researches about the Internet addiction testing are diverse and enormous. However, since the testing factors have the same importance, there is no discrimination among the factors. In our paper, we analyze the problems of the existing researches by using Lisrel and data mining algorithms. Next, we propose an alternative for the Internet addiction testing. In order to accomplish these, we make an questionnaire consisted of Young`s test and then, we asked to 440 primary and secondary school students. In addition, we analyzed the problems of Young`s test with factor analysis and then, we distinguish more important items from others with J48 and PART. Finally, based on this analysis, we propose a method to diagnose addicted students and prescribe them.

Elderly kidney transplant recipients have favorable outcomes but increased infection-related mortality

임정훈,Lee Ga Young,Jeon Yena,Jung Hee-Yeon,Choi Ji Young,CHO, JANG-HEE,Park Sun Hee,김용림,Kim Hyung-Kee,Huh Seung,유은상,Won Dong Il,Kim Chan-Duck 대한신장학회 2022 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.41 No.3

Background: The number of elderly patients with end-stage kidney disease has been increasing, but the outcomes of kidney transplants (KT) remain poorly understood in elderly patients. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of elderly KT recipients and analyzed the impact of elderly donors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent KT between 2000 and 2019. KT recipients were divided into four groups according to a combination of recipient and donor age (≥60 or <60 years); elderly recipients: old-to-old (n = 46) and young-to-old (n = 83); young recipients: old-to-young (n = 98) and young-to-young (n = 796). We compared the risks of mortality, graft failure, and acute rejection between groups using Cox regression analysis. Results: The incidence of delayed graft function, graft failure, and acute rejection was not different among groups. Annual mean tacrolimus trough level was not lower in elderly recipients than young recipients during 10-year follow-up. Mortality was significantly higher in elderly recipients (p = 0.001), particularly infection-related mortality (p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, old-toold and young-to-old groups had increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14– 7.32; p = 0.03; aHR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.51–6.20; p = 0.002). However, graft failure and acute rejection risks were not increased in elderly recipients. Conclusion: In elderly recipients, graft survival and acute rejection-free survival were not inferior to those of young recipients. However, mortality, especially risk of infection-related death, was increased in elderly recipients. Thus, low immunosuppression intensity might help decrease mortality in elderly recipients.

Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과

김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.

경희대학교 서울캠퍼스 진입로 및 주변 보행공간 기본계획

김동찬,김영준,마원,김충희,노경식,이가영 경희대학교 부설 디자인연구원 2008 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.11 No.1

Kyung-Hee University in Seoul accept changing of education environment to deal with World's information technology society so that school had preparing the Masterplan to grow up campus's vision since 2006th. Finally we finish up this plan. However, realization of the Masterplan need a lot of financial resources, much times and phases in improvement. Especially, our school needs symbolized business in 2009 due to school of 60th anniversary. So we made a plan that to construct by design which is going to reshape campus's main road and westside afforest place for future. As a result, purpose of research is to improve an atmosphere conducive to academic pursuit, to show up greatness of school and to deal with changing school's environment rapidlly. That is why the Masterplan is trying to find school of superb scenic and developing of environment to congratulate of our school's 60th anniversary main approach and walking spaces.

정신분열병 환자의 가족부담 척도 개발에 대한 예비연구

김철권,조진석,서지민,김용관,김호찬,김현수,김상수,제영묘 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.3

연구목적 : 정신분열병 환자의 가족이 느끼는 부담을 측정하기 위한 가족부담 척도를 개발하기 위함이다. 방 법 : 200명의 정신분열병 환자 가족과의 비구조적 면담과 외국 부담척도 고찰을 통하여 94문항을 수집하였고 그 다음에 전문가들과 가족들이 문항 및 영역을 분류하고 통합하여 최종적으로 36문항을 선정하였다. 그리고 정신분열병 환자의 가족 135명, 불안장애 환자의 가족 22명, 기분부전장애 및 신체화 장애 환자의 가족 26명, 치매 환자의 가족 49명을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 결 과 : 자료분석 결과 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 내적 일치도, 감별타당도 모두 높게 나타났으며, 요인분석을 통해 다섯 가지 구성요인이 추출되었다. 결 론 : 본 가족부담 척도는 정신분열병을 포함한 만성 정신질환을 앓고 있는 환자의 호전과 가족의 부담을 덜어주기 위한 다양한 프로그램의 효과를 검증하는데 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : This preliminary study was carried out to develop the Family Burden Scale(FBS) of the schizophrenics. Methods : Ninety-four items were collected by interviewing in a free unstructured format with one relative of each 200 schizophrenic patients and reviewing foreign FBS's. Several professionals and relatives were asked to group and integrate them into several categories. Finally 36 burden items were chosen to constitute a FBS. The FBS was administered to the relatives of 135 schizophrenic, 22 anxiety disorder, 26 dysthymic disorder and somatization disorder, and 49 dementia patients for examining the reliability and validity. Results : The FBS showed high test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and discriminant validity. The results of the factor analysis revealed five-factor solution. Conclusion : The FBS can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various programs intended not only to reduce decompensation among schizophrenics, but also to alleviate family burden.

Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique으로 근관충전시 치근면 온도상승 분석

김영주,황윤찬,김선호,황인남,최보영,정영진,정우남,오원만 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.4

This study was conducted to evaluate safety to the supporting tissues of the root while the root canal is obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique. A extracted maxillary central incisor was prepared for repeated canal obturation. After conventional access opening, working length was then established to the point 1㎜ from anatomical root apex. The root canal was prepared with GT rotary Ni-Ti file (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). Five thermocouples (Onega Engineering Inc., USA) were placed at 2㎜ increments on one side beginning 1㎜ from the anatomical root apex and the other five thermocouples at 2㎜ increments on the other side beginning 2㎜ from it. For obturation, a nonstandardized medium size gutta-percha cone and a ML Buchanan plugger (Analytic technologies, USA) were selected. After drying of root canal, AH 26 root canal sealer (Dentsply Detrey, Germany) was applied on the wall of the root canal. Baseline temperature was measured on the root surface. The ML size plugger was preheated for 2seconds and then the real temperature of it was recorded before insertion into the root canal. The root canal was obturated with continuous wave of condensation technique as described by Buchanan. The root surface temperature was recorded during obturation and it was performed ten times at each of the following temperature settings: 150℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃. After completion of the temperature recording, the dentinal-cementum thickness at each sites where thermocouples were attached was measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test and linear regression test. The results were as follows. 1. When the temperature was set at 150℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ on the digital display of System B HeatSource, the real temperature of the plugger at the 1㎜ point from the tip revealed 130.82±2.96℃, 158.00±5.26℃, 215.92±6.91℃ and 249.88±3.65℃ respectively. 2. The position of 8 ㎜ from the anatomical apex showed the highest temperature increase at each temperature settings and it was significantly higher than those of other positions (p<0.01). The temperature rise was constantly increased toward coronal portion from apex of the root. 3. The maximum temperature increase on the root surface was 2.37±0.09℃ at 150℃ setting, 3.11±0.12℃ at 200℃ setting, 3.93± 0.09℃ at 250℃ setting and 5.69± 0.15℃ at 300℃ setting. These results suggest that it be relatively kind to the supporting tissues of the root that the root canal is obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique at 150℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ temperature settings on digital display of System B HeatSource.

영골(靈骨).강압혈(降壓穴) 자극(刺鍼)이 혈압(血壓)에 미치는 영향(影向)

임영남,심성용,한지완,고호연,박종형,한양희,전찬용,김동우,Yim, Young-Nam,Sim, Sung-Yong,Han, Ji-Wan,Ko, Ho-Yeon,Park, Chong-Hyeong,Han, Yang-Hee,Chun, Chan-Yong,Kim, Dong-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of the non-pharmacological anti-hypertension method, acupuncture, for hypertensive patients. Methods : 26 patients diagnosed with hypertension were each treated by one of three methods: an anti-hypertension drug(adalat soft capsule), venepuncture, and acupuncture. In cases of rising blood pressure, patients were treated by their one of the three methods, and blood pressure was measured at regular intervals. Result : As for the group of acupuncture treated patients on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(jiang-ya-xue), readings dropped 18.0mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 6.50mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. This was a greater effect than that seen in the venepuncture treated patients. Blood pressure checked one hour after acupuncture treatment showed a greater difference than blood pressure checked after thirty minutes. Conclusion : Safe reductions in blood pressure were observed through the non-pharmacological method of acupuncture on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(Jiang-ya-xue).

독성물질의 세포사 기전 및 세포사 유발물질의 검색법 개발에 관한 연구(Ⅱ) : 망간 신경독성을 이용한 파킨슨증 모델의 세포사 Studies on the Mechanism of Parkinsonism induced by Manganese

김종민,박창원,오정자,이보경,서경원,서수경,김규봉,김종원,김광진,김영옥,전범석,박찬웅,이선희 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

1960년대 이후 파킨슨병의 유발물질 중 한 후보로서 망간이 주목받으면서 많은 역학적, 병러학적 연구가 수행죄브다. 그러나 망간이 파킨슨병을 직접 일으키는지, 혹은 파킨슨병과 관련된 부위의 신경세포를 파괴시쿡 파킨슨증만을 초래하는 것인지가 아직 정립되지 않은 실정이다 본 연구에서는 실험동물모델에서 행등학적 변화 측정 및 병리학적, 샐화학적 연구를 통하여 망간의 과다노출글 따른 파킨슨병 유발 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. Sprague-Datylet· 렛드에 망간을 1, 2, 5, 10 mgAg/day의 응량으로 30일 등안 복강 투여하였을 때 모든 망간투여군에서 운동성 감소가 관찰되었다. 뇌조직의 망간 함량을 ion chromatograph?로 측정한 결과 중뇌 흑질과 기저핵 선조체에서 망간 함량의 뚜렷한 증가 소견이 관찰되었으며, 니슬염색체서 선조체의 신경세포수의 유의성 있는 감소가 관찰되었다. 그러나, 흑질의 TH효소 면역염색, GFAP 면역염색, 흑질과 선조체의 T릿효소 western blot 결과는 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서, 망간-파킨슨증 모델에서 파킨슨증어 유발되는 기전은 흑질 도파민성 신경 세포의 신호를 받는 선조체 씬경세포의 사멸에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로, 망간 독성에 의한 파킨스증 모델에서는 파킨슨 병과는 달리 흑질 도파민성 신경세포의 세포사는 관여하지 않는 것으로 관찰되었다. Manganese(Mn) intoxication causes a parkinsonian syndrome. It may be difficult to distinguish Mn-induced parkinsonism from idiopathic Parkinson disease(IPD). Neuropathological descriptions on the brains with Mn intoxication showed the perferential damage in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticularis. Pathological reports on the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc), a mafor focus of pathologic changes in IPD, are discordant and controversial. The SNpc involvement is of critical importance for the elucidation of pathogenesis of IPD. Therefore, the neurodegeneration in SNpc was investigated in the experimental model of Mn neurotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with manganese chloride(1, 2, 5, 10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 30 days. Treated animals showed low levels of distance-traveled from locomotor activity tests. Ion chromatography revealed that Mn accumulation was significant in SN and basal ganglia in Mn-treated animals. Nissl staining showed neuronal loss of the striatum in all treated animals. The degree of neurodegeneration in SN was determined by immunohistochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH). The numbers of TH-positive cells on nigral sections were not different from each groups(P>0.05). The densities of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity from SN were similar between groups. TH-westen blotting showed no differences between treated animals and controls. In conclusion, the SNpc remains intact in Mn intoxication, and Mn-induced parkinsonism may be caused by damages of output pathways downstream to the nigrostriatal dopminergic system.

Crucial Role of Oxidation Debris of Carbon Nanotubes in Subsequent End-Use Applications of Carbon Nanotubes

Kim, Yern Seung,Oh, Jun Young,Kim, Jae Ho,Shin, Min Ho,Jeong, Yo Chan,Sung, Sae Jin,Park, Jisoo,Yang, Seung Jae,Park, Chong Rae American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.20

<P>A facile purification method for oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is developed to preserve acidic carbon compounds (ACCs) for achieving high-quality dispersion of CNTs. The remaining ACCs, which originated from the surface destruction of CNTs during the oxidation process, are considered to play a crucial role in the dispersion of CNTs in water and various polar protic solvents. To elucidate the concrete role of ACCs, a direct titration method is applied to quantitatively investigate the degree of ionization of both CNTs and ACCs in their aqueous dispersion. While ACCs with strong carboxylic groups (pK(a) of around 2.9) are easily removed by the neutral or base washing of oxidized CNTs, which is common in the purification process, ACC-selective purification using acid washing preserves the ACCs attached to CNTs, thereby effectively stabilizing CNT dispersions in aqueous solutions. Additionally, the Hansen solubility parameters of ACC-preserved and ACC-removed CNTs were determined by the inverse gas chromatography method to estimate their miscibility in various solvents. The preserved ACCs significantly influenced the dispersibility of CNTs in polar protic solvents, which may widen the possible application of CNTs. Specifically, the ACC-preserved high-quality CNT dispersion produces high-performance CNT buckypaper with densely packed nanostructures. The Young's modulus and tensile strength of these buckypapers reach up to 12.0 and 91.0 MPa, respectively, which exceed those of ACC-removed CNTs in previous reports.</P>