복발효 감식초의 품질

김미경,김미정,김소연,정대성,정용진,김순동 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1994 식품과학지 Vol.6 No.-

고품질의 감식초를 농가에서 자가생산하기 위한 기초적 자료를 마련할 목적으로 자연발효시킨 경우와 복발효시킨 경우의 품질을 비교하였다. 그 결과 복발효시킨 식초는 자연발효 식초에 비하여 초산농도가 1/2인 3%정도였다. 그리고 HPLC 법으로 측정한 유리당의 총함량은 자연발효 식초는 6%, 복발효시킨 것은 5%였다. 감식초내에 함유된 유기산류로는 oxalic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid 등 이었으며 자연발효시킨 경우가 전반적으로 함량이 높았다. 특히 자연 발효시킨 경우 lactic acid함량이 높았다. 그러나 감과실의 flavour와 과실의 고유색상과 맛은 복발효시킨 경우가 강하게 나타났다. To prepare the basic information for the fermentation of high quality persimmon vinegar in the farm, the quality of the complex fermented persimmon vinegar(CFPV) was compared to that of naturally fermented persimmon vinegar(NFPV). The titratable acidity of the CFPV was 3% which was the half concentration of the NFPV. The content of total free sugar by HPLC was 6% in CFPV and NFPV was 5%. Organic acid compositions in persimmon vinegar were oxalic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and glutaric acid in addition to acetic acid. Total content of the organic acids in NFPV was higer than that in CFPV. Especially, the content of latic acid in NFPV was very higher than that of CFPV. The flavour, color and taste of persimmon fruit itself in CFPV were stronger than those in NFPV.

정상과 갑상선 종양조직에서 사람 IGF-I 유전자의 발현

김성운,장현하,박상미,김덕윤,우정택,양인명,김진우,김영설,김광원,고석환,홍성화,최영길 경희대학교 유전공학연구소 1993 遺傳工學論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Many of the growth-promoting properties of growth hormone(GH) are mediated by insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I), a highly conserved circulating 70-amino acid peptide. Recent studies have shown that multiple mechanisms influence IGF-I gene expression, including transcription from two promoters, alternative RNA splicing, and variable polyadenylation. In thyroid tissue, thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) and IGF-I are the most possible candidates for follicular cell proliferation and hypertrophy. Actually IGF-I had autocrine and paracrine effect for tissue growing. We prepared thyroid tumor tissue mRNAs using single step method for detecting IGF-I levels according to different tissues, i.e., thyroid adenoma or papillary thyroid carcinoma. We used Northern blot analysis for IGF-I mRNA and RNase protection assay (RPA) for IGF-I transcription start sites. For Northern blot, we used whole human IGF-I cDNA as a DNA probe and for RPA, we used IGF-I exon 1 containing noncoding promoter 1 as a riboprobe. We got good RNA bands from Northern blot analysis around 1 kb (IGF-IA) and 7.5 kb (IGF-IB) region. To clarify the amount of both IGF-IA and IB mRNAs, we measured autoradiographied signal of IGF-I mRNAs bands using densitometer. In IGF-IA signals, there's no change among liver and thyroid tissues, but in case of IGF-IB mRNA bands, the signal was markedly increased in thyroid carcinoma tissues than that of normal thyroid tissue (85% vs 14%). In the study of RPA, all thyroid tissues used the same transcription start sites as those of liver's. We concluded that that this different regulation of IGF-I mRNA was originated from tissue specificity. That meant some tissue specific transcription factor/s were related to tissue IGF-I expression.

H9c2 심근 세포주에서 외인성 nitric oxide가 허혈에 의한 세포 독성에 미치는 영향

정성구,장현용,김명천,고영관,정주호,배영미,박원서,김대중,유영민,김성수,임성빈 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: Nitric oxide(NO) is known to have protective effects on an ischemic heart and to exert triggering effects on ischemic preconditioning. However, the effects of NO during the ischemic period have not been investigated. To investigate the role of exogenous nitric oxide in a model of ischemic heart cell death, we studied the effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemia in a normal and an ischemic buffer. Methods: Rat cardiac myoblast cells(H9c2) were cultured in a normal and an ischemic buffered medium. For the ischemic culture of heart cells, the cells were cultured in a dessicator with GasPak for 5 hrs. In ischemic preconditioning, the cells were pretreated with ischemic buffer for 5 min and then perfused with normal medium for 30 min. For the measurement of the cytotoxicity, a MTT(3-4-Sdimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed. A DAPI(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining procedure and a flow cytometry analysis were performed to confirm apoptotic cell death by ischemia. Results: Cell viability, as determined by using a MTT assay, showed that the preconditioned group treated with NO showed more cell death than with the not-preconditioned groups in both normal and ischemic buffers. But, In normal medium and not-preconditioned groups, NO showed protective effect according to the concentrations(100,1000μM) . No treatment with NO produced the different results. In normal medium, the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was demonstrated, but no protective effect of ischemic preconditioning could be seen in the case of the ischemic buffer. The DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis of heart cells showed characteristic apoptotic features. Conclusion: NO added in the ischemic phase had deterious effects on heart cells. Ischemic preconditioning was more harmful than ischemia alone. The toxicity of the cells was characteristic apoptosis.

뇌혈관질환을 동반한 당뇨병 환자에서 지속적 혈당측정의 유용성 평가

정성훈,강인구,박철영,류미숙,우정택,김성운,김진우,김영설 대한당뇨병학회 2002 임상당뇨병 Vol.3 No.2

연구배경: 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 고령의 당뇨병환자는 이들의 신경학적 결손으로 경고 증상없이 심한 저혈당에 노출될 가능성이 크다. 실제로 하루 4번 정도의 자가 혈당 측정으로는 이를 감지하기 어려울 뿐 아니라 검사에 따른 고통으로 적극적인 혈당 조절에 제한이 따르게 된다. 이에 저자들은 Mini Med사의 지속적 혈당측정기(CGMS, continuous glucose monitoring system)를 이용하여 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 당뇨병 환자에서 24시간 혈당의 변동양상을 알아보고 각기 다른 인슐린 치료방침에 따른 혈당조절의 효율성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년 1월부터 6월까지 경희대학교 부속병원에 입원해 있는 10명의 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 제 2형 당뇨병환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이 들은 모두 튜브식이를 받고 있엇고 최소 1개월 이상 인슐린 치료를 시행 받았다. 지속적 혈당측정기를 착용하고 3일간의 연속적인 혈당을 측정하였고, 치료 첫 날은 NPH, 둘째 날은 속효성 인슐린과 NPH, 마지막 날은 혼합형 인슐린제제로 치료하여 그 효과를 비교하였다. 이들 각기 다른 인슐린 제재의 하루 총량에 차이는 없었다. 혈당치가 3.3mmol/L 미만이거나 7.8mmol/L를 초과하는 경우 그 차이값의 총합을 시간으로 나누어 이 값(△Glu)이 적을수록 치료효과가 우수한 것으로 판정하였다. 또한 당 수치가 3.3mmol/L 미만인 경우를 저혈당 event, 16.7mmol/L 초과한 경우를 고혈당 event로 임의로 정의하였고, 이를 통해 지속적 혈당측정의 유용성을 간접적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 결과: 평균 △Glu값은 첫째 날이 0.93 ± 0.43mmol/Lㆍmin?¹, 둘째날이 0.71 ± 0.29mmol/Lㆍmin?¹ 마지막 날이 0.58 ± 0.29mmol/Lㆍmin?¹로서 서로 다른 3가지 치료방침사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.115). 10명의 환자들 중 자가 혈당측정기로는 1명에서 저혈당 event, 2명에서 고혈당 event를 인지하였으나 지속적 혈당측정기로는 각각 9명에서 event를 확인하였다. 결론: 지속적 혈당측정기를 이용한 각각의 인슐린 치료방침에 따른 혈당조절 효율성의 차이는 없었으나, 자가혈당 측정기로는 알 수 없었던 일 중 혈당 변동사항을 정확하게 알 수 있어, 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 당뇨병 환자에서 보다 적극적인 인슐린 치료 및 관리를 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background: Diabetic stroke patients are susceptible to hypoglycemia. However, there are many limitations in detecting hypoglycemic events, even though glucoses levels are checked 3 to 4 times per day using the fingerstick method. Therefore, we investigated the glycemic excursions and pattern in diabetic stroke patients using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS, MiniMed) and its clinical utility. The other objective was to compare the treatment dfficacy between insulin regimens. Methods: From jan 2001 to jun 2001, 10 adult type 2 diabetic stroke patients wore CGMS for consecutive 3 days, which continuously checked the glucose level. NPH insulin, multiple daily injection of regular insulin ± NPH and the mixed type(Novolet 30/70, Novo Nordisk) were used on the first, second and third days of the study, respectively. If the mean delta glucose(△Glu = A+B/time, A=∑(hlucose-7.8), glucose > 7.8 mmol/l, B=∑(3.3-glucose) if, glucose < 3.3 mmol/l) was calculated in order to recognize the degree of individual glycemic changes and to compare the efficacy of each treatment diverse insulin regimen. We arbitrarily defined a glucose level less than 3.3mmol/l, as a hypoglycemic event, and more than 16.7mmol/l as a hyperglycemic event. Results: Variable patterns of glycemic changes were observed among patients with the same dosage, but a different insulin regimen. The mean △Glu was 0.93±0.43 on the first day, 0.71±0.29 on the second day and 0.58±0.29 on the third. There was no significant difference in treatment efficacy between the 3 different insulin modalities(p=0.115). Of the 10 patients, a hypoglycemic event was detected in 1 with the fingerstick method, in contrast to 9 with CGMS, with hyperglycemic events being detedted in 2 and 9, respectively. Conclusion: Continuous glucose monitoring maybe useful in providing the information necessary for optimal glycemic control in the diabetic stroke patients.

Original Article : Geographic difference of epidemiological features of HCV infection in Korea

( Kyung Ah Kim ),( Sook Hyang Jeong ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Young Seok Kim3 ),( Youn Jae Lee ),( Eun Uk Jung ),( In Hee Kim ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Mee Kyung Kee ),( Chun Kang ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.4

Background/Aims: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea exhibits significant geographic variation, with it being higher in Busan and Jeonam than in other areas. The reason for this intranational geographic difference was investigated in this study by conducting a comparative analysis of the risk factors related to HCV infection among three geographic areas: the capital (Seoul), Busan, and the province of Jeolla. Methods: In total, 990 patients with chronic HCV infection were prospectively enrolled at 5 university hospitals located in Seoul (n=374), Busan (n=264), and Jeolla (n=352). A standardized questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection was administered to these three groups of patients, and a comparative analysis of the findings was performed. Results: The analysis revealed significant regional differences in exposure to the risk factors of HCV infection. By comparison with patients in Seoul as a control group in the multivariate analysis, patients in Busan had significantly more experience of invasive medical procedures, acupuncture, cosmetic procedures, and multiple sex partners. In contrast, patients in Jeolla were significantly older, and they had a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a lower prevalence of multiple sex partners, and had experienced fewer invasive procedures. Conclusions: There was a significant geographic difference in the exposure to potential risk factors of HCV infection between patients from the three studied regions. This may explain the regional variation of the prevalence of HCV infection in Korea, and should be taken into account when planning strategies for the prevention and management of HCV infection. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:361-367)

학국에서 심방세동의 임상양상에 관한 연구

이선미,조정휘,홍순조,최윤식,안신기,김성순,김영훈,김윤년,조정관,차태준,김유호,최기준,김준수,이상민,신동구 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.5

UASB 반응기에서 제지폐수 처리를 위한 생물학적 속도론 모델에 관한 연구

박승조,이성식,전성균,김 광,신미옥,김미양,이영상 東亞大學校 大學院 1993 大學院論文集 Vol.18 No.-

The granulation of sludge in the UASB reactor is beneficial to stable operation of the reactor at a high volumetric COD loading rate and high hydraulic loading rate, because it improves the setting ability of sludge and the granular sludge acquired has high methanogenic activity. The design of integral biogas?/liquid/solids seperators varies among suppliers of UASB technology. Comples, soluble organic compounds are the first to be hydrolyzed (Stage 1) to simple organics. These simple organics are converted by acid-forming bacteria to C₄H?COOH, C₃H?COOH, CH₃COOH, H₂ and CO₂ in a acidogenic phase(STAGE 2). The higher organic acids are subsequently converted to CH₃COOH and H₂(Stag 3) by acetogenic bacteria. The final step(Stage 4) to produce CH₃ is carried out by me-thano-bacterium. The kinetics of anaerobic digestion of paper wastewaters largely depends on the environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the kinetics of methane production from paper was tewaters in the UASB. A four-step reaction mechanism was proposed for modeling methanogenesis of anaerobic treatment of paper waterwaters.

The Well of the Sainits에 나타난 문명의 거부

김상미 현대영미어문학회 1998 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.1

The well of the Saints is certainly much more than the padded experiment in extended form that many critics have claimed it to be. But it is not, as a few critics have claimed, Synge's most perfect aesthetic accomplishment. For, serious as Synge's intentions were and important as the play is as a transitional work, it must in the final analysis be considered an unbalanced and on the whole unsatisfactory work. If it fails, however, it is not because it attempts to make too much of too little.. leather, the plot, which seems barely more than a metaphor for the play's central theme, is too slight to contain the abundance of the play's ideas or to control the complex characterizations that the play depends upon to develop these ideas. Consequently,, the characterizations themselves often appear awkward and inconsistent, and the play as a whole fails to articulately express the ideas it contains.. The well of the Saints has moments of poetic brilliance that compare with the best of Syngo. Martins frustrated proposal to Molly in the second act is matched fur pathos only by Maurya's pleas to Michael in Reders to the Sea. And the cleverly regenerative imagination displayed by Mary and Martin in the third act is matched in its joyous positivism only by Mary's demand fur drunken Communion in The Tinkers' Wedding. Still, master that he was at capturing the poetic moment, Synge was not yet ready to handle the structural comjplexity of the three--act form.. Several years later he would achieve such matstery, with The playboy of the Western World.

미용고등학교 학생들의 교과과정에 대한 태도 조사연구

김미녀,최상복,이정옥 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2003 保健福祉硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This study was conducted to examine aspects of classes and students' attitude with the classes at beauty high schools in order to provide basic data for development of the curriculum of the schools. The subjects of this study were 217 students at four beauty high schools in Daegu City and Kyungbuk province. The curricula of the schools were used to examine the current situation. The data were analyzed by Chi-Square test and regression analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Most high schools at which cosmotology is taught are vocational high schools. Beauty related classes are categorized and taught as vocational classes at the vocational high schools. Therefore, the students at the vocational high schools take both vocational classes and academic classes such as Korean language, English, mathematics, etc. The course requirement hours for three years at the beauty high schools are total 216 units in both common and vocational classes. The vocational classes covered 50% to 55% of the total units. The higher the grade is, the more the vocational classes are. The vocational classes focused on practical training more than theory. The classes at the beauty high schools covered all the beauty related fields. They include theory and practice of beauty, theory and practice of skin care, practice of make-up, public health science, human development, etc. According to socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, 88.0% of them was female and 54.8% was the second grader. 34.0% of them entered the schools because they were interested in cosmotology and 52.0% entered the schools because they thought it was easy to get a job in the field of beauty. 39.0% of them entered the schools because they failed in entrance into academic high schools. 88.0% did not underwent an aptitude test before they entered the schools. 53.5% of them did not consider transferring to another field of study. 35.0% was interested in majoring on make-up and 34.1% was interested in majoring on hair. 19.4% of them was interested in majoring on skin care. Only 11.5% of the respondents replied that they were not proud of the study at the beauty schools. The pride level was significantly different by grade, entrance motive, and intention of transference to another field of study. 53.5% of them replied that they wanted to get a job in the field of beauty. 47.5% of the respondents hoped to have more practical training class hours than theory class hours. 45.2% of them also wanted to have more vocational classes than academic classes. 45.5% of them thought that teachers had to focus on education for obtaining certificate of qualification. 88.5% did not obtain the certificate of qualification. 73.7% of the students who did not obtain the certificate wanted to get it. Among factors concerning direction of education, the rate of divided vocational education with consideration of personal aptitude was highest (38.3%) Factors significantly influencing students' satisfaction with classes were satisfaction level with class system, contribution level to getting an occupation, interest level in practical training, intention of taking classes from private academies, preference level of vocational class hours, and understanding level of theory. From above results, it can be concluded that curriculum of beauty high schools must be systematically developed to cultivate beauty experts and specialize beauty high schools. The learning achievement level also need to be enhanced through providing intensive major courses.

청소년기 여성의 영양소 섭취실태에 관한 연구

김성미,성호준 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1999 科學論集 Vol.25 No.-

This study has investigated the nutritional intake status of female adolescents. The subjects were two hundred high school girl students. The questionnaires were utilized for the general survey and 3 days dietary intake assessment. This study showed that 69.0% of the subjects were underweight, 25.0% normal and 6.0% overweight by BMI. In general they took in less energy(76.8%), protein(90.8%) and iron(51.1%) than Korean Recommened Dietary Allowances(RDAs) of them, but they took in more Vit C(124.4%) than Korean RDAs of it. They took in the greatest amount of energy and nutrients at lunch. Heme iron was significantly correlated with animal protein(r=0.77) and nonheme iron with vegetable protein(r=0.65) and fiber(r=0.67). TV was the greatest source of their nutritional knowledge, followed by school textbooks and magazine. Overweight subjects were to the group of high food expenditure and underweight subjects to the group of more educated mothers. 69.5% of the group skipped one more meals during 3 days, breakfast being most likely to be skipped. Nutrient intake by nutrition knowledge score was significantly different from each groups and over 81 group(in nutrition knowledge score) took in more iron than other groups.