대학생 흡연자의 금연경험에 따른 건강신념차이

구정일,김민정,김동희,백정희,안현실,은가희,우혜령,이명희,이수현,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

It has been generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor increasing disease and mortality in human health since in 1950's and nowadays. But regardless of various proofs about social or economical problems due to smoking, current smoking rate has not been decreased in our country. Until now, most of tobacco use and its addiction researches have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers not on the university students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate smoking cessation of university smokers and analyze the health belief-perceived sensitivity, severity, benefits and barriers- difference, then to provide basic data for effective smoking cessation strategy for university smokers. The subjects were comprised of 181 university smokers from 15 universities in Seoul. The data were collected by structured questionaires. The questionaires were designed to measure general characteristics, smoking cessation and health belief, based on Ahn(2003)'s result on the Study of Smoking attitude, Behavior and Smoking Cessation of Adult Male and Lee(1987)'s result on Relationships Between the Health Belief Model and Smoking Habits. The data were collected from May 5 to 16. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. The actual number, percentiles, means, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were done. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The general characteristics of the subjects of this study The range of age was from 18 to 34 and the averaging age was 23. The subjects of this study were 141 males and 40 females. The religions were Christianity 25.4%(46), Buddhism 12.7%(23), Catholic 23.2%(42), no religion 37.0%(67). The residential forms were living with family 59.1%(107), cooking food for oneself 28.7%(52), dormitory 5.0%(9), boarding house 1.7%(3). Smoking starting age were university 43.1 %(78), high school 29.8%(54), middle school 14.9%(27), in the army 6.1 %(11), elementary school 1.1 %(2). 2. The smoking cessation of the subjects 80% of current smokers showed quitting smoking decision and 20% have not tried. The frequency of quitting smoking decision were from 1 to above 8 and mean was 3.06. As for smoking cessation plan, 54.7%(99) current smokers answered yes, 3.9%(7) said no, 35.4%(64) had no idea and 6.1 %(11) didn't answer. As for the reason of never quitting smoking decision, 71.42%(25 among total 35) have no need to quit smoking and the others said difficulty of smoking cessation. As for the main reason of smoking cessation decision, 54.7%(99) answered for the health, 7.2%(13) family advice, 15.5%(28) girl/boy friend's advice, 1.7%(3) to save money. As for the reason to fail smoking cessation, 56.7%(68) were will-lack, 17.5%(21) stress, 15%(18) smoking mood, 10%(12) withdrawl symptom. As for the smoking cessation method, 85.0%(125) were oneself-will, 2.7%(4) way acquired by mass-media, 2%(3) doctor's prescription, 2%(3) religion's help, 0.7%(1) smoking cessation school. As for the difficulty in smoking cessation, 42.2%(62) were drinking meeting, 23.1 %(34) no alternative of stress release, 12.2%(18) withdrawl symptom, 11.6%(17) having nothing to do, 7.5%(11) friend's encouragement. As for the most difficult cigarette to quit, 67.8%(99) were all-day smoking except the first smoking in the morning, 32.2%(47) the first smoking in the morning. 3. Health belief as for general characteristics Gender - The total point in benefits showed higher in male(28.5177) than female(26.6750). There was significant difference(t=.778, p<.05). The total point in health belief showed higher in male (105.8298) than female(l00.5000). So there was significant difference(t=.345, p<.05). Age - There was significant difference in benefits between age(10's-25.83, 20's-28.39, 30's-32.00)(F=3.73, p<.05). Smoking starting age - There was significant difference in total point of sensitivity and health belief(sensitivity F=4.00, p<.Ol, health belief F=2.843, p<.05). As for sensitivity, subjects who started smoking in the army showed the highest(33.36) and ones in high school showed the lowest(26.96). The total point in health belief showed the highest in elementary school(l19.00) and the lowest in high school(100.98). 4. Health belief as for smoking cessation There was significant difference in health belief as for smoking cessation(t=0.189, p=0.OO2). Sensitivity point showed higher in smoking quitting trial smokers(29.2) than non-trial smoker (26.9). Severity point showed higher in trial smokers (30.7) than non-trial smokers(28.9). Benefit point showed higher in trial smokers(28.6) than non-trial smokers(26.2). There was no significant difference in barriers point.

치과용 디지털 색상 분석용 기기의 정확성과 재현 능력에 대한 평가

정중재,박수정,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.4

본 연구에서는 치과용 디지털 색상 분석기기 중 하나인 ShadeScan (CYNOVAD, Montreal, Canada)의 색상 분석의 정확성과 재현 능력을 평가하였다. 균일한 치아 배열을 가진 20대 성인 남자 8명과 여자 8명의 상악 인상을 고무인 상제 (Exaflex, GC, Japan)를 이용하여 채득하고, 인상에 A2 색상의 임시 크라운 제작용 자가중합형 레진을 주입하여 치아 모델을 완성하고, ShadeScan을 이용해 각 치아의 영상을 얻어 컴퓨터의 ShadeScan 프로그램으로 분석하였다. 그리고 측정 결과의 재현 능력를 평가하기 위해 2개의 치아 모델을 임의로 선택하여 각 치아마다 10회의 색상 측정을 시행하여 분석 결과를 비교하였다. 또한 분석된 영상의 동일 shade 간의 색차를 확인하기 위해 광중합 복합레진인 Gradia Direct (GC, Tokyo, Japan)와 shade guide의 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) 값을 백색과 흑색 배경판 상에서 spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, USA)로 측정하고, ShadeScan에 의해 동일한 shade로 분석된 shade guide간의 색차를 계산하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 모든 치아에서 모델 제작 재료와 동일한 A2 색상므로 분석된 경우는 없었으며, 개개의 치아에서 전체 순면이 동일한 색상으로 분석된 예는 없었다. 또한 동일한 치아군에서 치아의 크기 , 형태 , 순면의 굴곡 등에 따라 서로 다른 색상 분포를 보였다. 재현성 평가에서 각 치아의 중앙부는 비교적 일정한 재현성출 보였으나, 절단부와 주변 부위는 재현성이 낮았으며, 동일한 shade로 분석된 shade guide 간에는 3 이상의 색차 (ΔE^(*))를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 치과용 디지털 색상 분석기기는 비록 높은 재현 능력은 가지고 있지만 정확성에 오류가 있음을 시사하며 , 따라서 이러한 기기를 이용한 색상 분석 시 좀 더 세밀한 주의와 다른 방법의 추가 사용이 필요하리라 사료된다. This study was done to evaluate the reliability of the digital color analysis system (ShadeScan, CYNOVAD, Montreal, Canada) for dentistry. Sixteen tooth models were made by injecting the A2 shade chemical cured resin for temporary crown into the impression acquired from 16 adults. Surfaces of the model teeth were polished with resin polishing cloth. The window of the ShadeScan handpiece was placed on the labial surface of tooth and tooth images were captured, and each tooth shade was analyzed with the ShadeScan software. Captured images were selected in groups, and compared one another. Two models were selected to evaluate repeatability of ShadeScan, and shade analysis was performed 10 times for each tooth. And, to ascertain the color difference of same shade code analyzed by ShadeScan, CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)values of shade guide of Gradia Direct (GC, Tokyo, Japan) were measured on the white and black background using the Spectrolino (GretagMacbeth, USA), and Shade map of each shade guide was captured using the ShadeScan. There were no teeth that were analyzed as A2 shade and unique shade. And shade mapping analyses of the same tooth revealed similar shade and distribution except incisal third. Color difference (ΔE^(*)) among the Shade map which analyzed as same shade by ShadeScan were above 3. Within the limits of this study, digital color analysis instrument for dentistry has relatively high repeatability, but has controversial in accuracy.

NITINOL을 이용한 차동식 액츄에이터의 설계에 관한 연구

정상화,김현욱,신현성,차경래,신병수 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

In the recent years, as the research and the development of micro and precision machinery become active, the interest of micro actuators using SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) has been increased. The dynamic characteristic analysis of SMA is necessary for actuator application and many common researches report the material characteristics of SMA sufficiently. However, the research on dynamic characteristics is very deficient. In this paper, the helical spring are fabricated with NiTi SMA wire of high resistivity. The force, response speed, temperature, and displacement are measured by digital force gauge, infrared thermometer, and laser displacement sensor so that the dynamic characteristics of this SMA is analyzed. Also, bidirectional actuator was fabricated and experimented for its performance.

비만을 동반한 위암 환자에서 두 병을 같이 수술 치료한 경험(증례)

최경현,윤기영,문형환,신연명,서경원,안수미,송윤미,석정희,정경연,이은하 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.3

Obesity is growing problem in Korea. We had a case of bariatric surgery during gastric cancer operation. Patient was 29 year old Korean lady with early gastric cancer located in the lesser curvature side of the middle 1/3 of the stomach. Her body weight was 89 kg, height 163 cm, and thus body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2. Preoperative blood pressure was 130/90 mmHg, hemoglobin 12.9 g/dL, total lymphocyte count 3,280/mL, serum albumin 4.3 g/dL, CEA 1.1 ng/mL, CA 19-9 9.1 ng/mL, and alpha fetoprotein 2 ng/mL. Another associated disease was right thyroid follicular neoplasm. The chest X-ray was normal. After IM injection of 2,500 units of heparin 30 minutes before the induction of general anesthesia, she received curative subtotal gastrectomy and Roux en Y gastrojejunostomy when a malabsorption loop of 120 cm jejunum was incorporated between the Treitz ligament and the end to side jejuno-jejunostmy site at May 29th 2006. Her postoperative course was uneventful except a minor wound seroma and the elevations of serum amylase(up to 4 folds) and lipase(up to 2 folds). She lost her body weight 9 kg in 5th, 21 kg in 7th, and 27 kg in 10th postoperative months to became 61.5 kg. On follow up exams in July 2008, she gained 4 kg to overcome her weakness and fatigue. From the above result, the incorporation of a malabsorption loop during reconstruction phase of gastric cancer operation was a good option for obese gastric cancer patients especially in cases of early gastric cancer.

업무 관련성 견갑상 포착 신경증이 의심되는 3례

정두신,성기범,신현길,안무영,김형수,홍영의 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve is frequently overlooked in the differential diagnosis of shoulder pain. Methods : Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy is a well-defined clinical entity and EMG and NCV is used to confirm a diagnosis. But the diagnosis typically not considered until patients develop severe weakness secondary to atrophy of the spinous musculature that the nerve supplies. Results : A narrow suprascapular notch has rarely been reported as a work-related factor of this entrapment neuropathy. Diagnosis of suprascapular entrapment neuropathy is based on the patients' clinical course, neurologic, radiologic, and electrophysiologic findings. One of the most helpful evaluations was anteriorposterior projection with the X-ray tube angled 15-30 degree caudally. The suprascapular entrapment neuropathy is relatively uncommon entity of shoulder discomfort(pain, weakness, and atrophy). Conclusions : If the worker who used his shoulder joint repetitiously having the shoulder pain and muscle weakness, we must rule out the suprascapular entrapment neuropathy. And it is needed to evaluate the motions which cause suprascapular entrapment neuropathy as the ergonomic factor.

Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 Glucanhydrolase 함유 용액의 치은 섬유아세표에 대한 영향

윤현정,정현주,김옥수,김도만 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.3

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has additional amylase activity besides mutanolytic activity and has been suggested as promising anti-plaque agent. It has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanllydrolase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. In human experimental gingivitis model and 6month clinical trial. mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effect was negligible. This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase on human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts at the 4th to 6th passages were used. Glucanhydrolase solution was made from lyophilized glucanhydrolase powder from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 solved in PBS and added to DMEM to the final concentration of 0.5, 1, and 2unit. Cells were exposed to glucanhydrolase solution or 0.1% chlorhexidine and the cells cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics as control. After exposure, the morphological change, cell attachmcnt. and cell activity by MTT assay were evaluated in 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 24 hours after treatment. The cell proliferation and cell activity was also evaluated at 2 and 7days after Iminute exposure, twice a day. The cell morphology was similar between the Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanllydrolase groups and control group during the incubation periods. while most fibroblasts remained as round cell regardless of incubation time in the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the attached cells in the glucanhydrolase groups were comparable to that of control and significantly higher than the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the proliferated cells in the glucanhydrolase groups at 7 days of incubation were comparable to the control group and higher than the chlorhexidine group. The cell activity in glucanhydrolase groups paralleled with the increased cell number by attachment and proliferation. According to these results, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase has little harmful effect on attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts, in contrast to 0.1% chlorhexidine which was cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is considered as a safe and promising agent for new mouthwash formula in the near future.

6kW 독립형 풍력발전기의 진동 모니터링 및 분석

김석현,남윤수,유능수,이정완,박무열,박해균,김태형 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.A

A vibration monitoring system for a small class of wind turbine (W/T) is established and operated. The monitoring system consists of monolithic integrated chip accelerometer for vibration monitoring, anemometers for wind data acquisition and auxiliary sensors for atmospheric data. Using the monitoring system, vibration response of a 6kW W/T generator is investigated. Acceleration data of the W/T tower under various operation condition is acquired in real time using LabVIEW and is remotely transferred from the test site to the laboratory in school by internet. Vibration state of the tower structure is diagnosed within the operating speed range. Resonance frequency range of the test model is investigated with the wind speed data of the test site.

농구수행에 관련된 개인의 심리적 변인이 팀응집력에 미치는 영향

김정수,이용현 세명대학교 2000 世明論叢 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on the team cohesion in psychological factors with basketball which required team cohesion. subject(N=226) were consist of middle and high school athletes(male) which were located in S and K area. The questionnaire designed for this study included: 1) competitive state anxiety-18items, 2) motivation climate-13items, 3) state self-confidence-13items, 4) team cohesion-22items. The statistical methodologies to analyze the data were descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The result of this study by the process and the data mentioned above shows the followings: First, there are significant difference between exercise career and the team cohesion. Second, there are significant relationships between exercise career and the team cohesion. Third, there are effect on team cohesion and task cohesion with competitive state anxiety, cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety. Fourth, there are effect on team cohesion with motivation climate. Fifth, there are effect on team cohesion with state self-confidence. Sixth, there are effect on team cohesion with competitive state anxiety, motivation climate and state self-confidence. This thesis shoes that the competitive state anxiety affects, especially, the task cohesion negatively, and that the motivation climate and the state self-confidence are important in maximizing the team cohesion. In conclusion, I suggest that coaches should establish the effective strategies in order to overcome athletes' anxieties, to stimulate their motivation and to increase their self-confidence.

다제 내성 폐렴구균에 대한 항균제 병합시의 시험관내 항균효과

김수정,이남용,양지원,백경란,김성민,배직현,송재훈 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.2

목적: 페니실린 및 다제 내성 폐렴구균은 선택할 수 있는 치료제가 제한되어 임상적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 특히 다제 내성 균주에 의한 수막염의 치료에 cephalosporin제 단독요법의 치료 실패가 계속 보고 되면서, 기존 항균제의 병용요법이나 새로 개발되는 항균제에 관심이 모아지고 있다. 특히 국내에서 분리되는 폐렴구균의 페니실린 및 다제 내성율은 이미 세계 최고 수준으로 이러한 치료법의 개발이 더욱 필요한 상황이다. 저자들은 다제 내성 폐렴구균 감염증의 새로운 치료법을 찾고자 국내에서 흔히 사용되는 항균제를 대상으로 time-kill 방법을 이용한 시험관내 synergy 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 :대상균주는 국내에서 분리된 페니실린 감수성인 2균주와 모든 β-lactam 제제에 동시 내성을 보인 다제 내성 5균주이었다. 대상 병용요법은 penicillin+gentamicin, cefotaxime+gentamicin, vancomycin+gentamicin, vancomycin+cefotaxime, vancomycin+imipenem, ampicillin+cefotaxime 등이었다. 각 항균제의 시험 농도는 1/2 MIC로 하였으며, 균 집락수의 측정은 0,4,8,24시간에 시행하였다. 결과:Penicillin+gentamicin, cefotaxime+gentamicin, vancomycin+cefotaxime 등의 병합요법이 시험관내 synergy를 보였으며, vancomycin+gentamicin, vancomycin+imipenem, ampicillin+cefotaxime 등의 병용은 indifference의 결과를 보였다. 결론 본 연구를 통하여 penicillin+gentamicin, cefotaxime+gentamicin, vancomycin+cefotaxime 등의 병용요법이 다제 내성 균주에 대하여 시험관내 synergy를 보임으로써 새로운 치료요법의 대상이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 이는 향후 생체 내에서의 약물 상호작용에 대한 동물실험시 응용될 수 있는 기본 자료로 의미가 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background: Penicillin-and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae became a global problem during recent decades. Multidrug resistance poses a serious threat to clinical medicine due to restriction of selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents to treat with. Current data suggest that any single antimicrobial agent cannot be a satisfactory option to treat pniemococcal infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains, particularly in meningitis. The aim of the study was to assess in vitro efficacy of several antimicrobial combinations which are commonly used in clinical practice, and to obtain reasonable regimens which can be applied to in vivo model. Methods: We performed time-kill studies of antimicrobial combinations including penicillin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, gentamicin, imipenem and ampicillin against five multidrug-resistant strains and two penicillin-susceptible strains. Penicillin, cefotaxime and vancomycin were combined with gentamicin, respectively. Cefotaxime plus vancomycin, imipenem plus vancomycin, and cefotaxime plus ampicillin combinations were also tested. Synergy was defined as a ≥100-fold or 2-log decrease in colony count at 24 h by the combination compared with that by the most active single agent. Result: Penicillin puls gentamicin, cefotaxime plus gentamicin, and vancomycin plus cefotaxime combinations were deminstrated to have in vitro synergistic activities against multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusion: Three combinations showed in vitro synergism against penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Experimental animal study is warranted to determine the clinical relevance of the in vitro results.

Vitamin D_(3)가 RAW 세포에 감염된 Mycobacterium marinum의 증식억제에 미치는 기전 연구

박정규,정샛별,이길수,김수영,송창화,박종호,조현구,조은경,김화중 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1(Nramp1) has been proposed to directly regulate bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity of the macrophage toward pathogens or participate in macrophage activation that lead to microbial elimination in the host. The relationship between Nramp1 and nitric oxide(NO) as an antimicrobial factor has not been precisely defined to date. To devise an in vitro assay for Nramp1 function, this study introduced a wild type Nramp1^(G169) cDKA transfected RAW264.7 macrophages(A8) which bear a homozygous mutant Nramp1^(D169) allele and are permissive to replication of specific intracellular parasites. RAW264.7 and A8 macrophages did not produce NO, but vitamin D_(3)-activated-Mycobacterium marinum-infected RAW264.7 and A8 macrophages pretreated with vitamin D_(3) leaded to the increase of NO production and growth inhibition of M. marinum. Inhibition of NO production by a NO inhibitor, L-NAME, abolished the above effects. The mRNA expression of iNOS in infected macrophages with costimulated vitamin D_(3) was increased. IFN-γ activated macrophages also showed the same results with vitamin D_(3) activated macrophages. These results suggest that bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity in RAW264.7 and A8 macrophages correlated with the production of NO, although NO might not be the only factor responsible for controlling M. marinum infection. The Nrampl gene is considered to be a cofactor in the controlling the replication of M. marinum infection.