혈액 투석 환자에서 중심정맥 협착에 대한 스텐트 삽입술 : Wallstent Placement

임대승,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이정우,강정아,김정희,이민수,정준용,최시완,정진옥,성인환,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

Stenosis of central vein is a common complication arising after percutaneous subclavian vein catheter insertion performed for temporary vascular access in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. There are several treatment methods for the condition like percutaneous angioplasty(PTA), stent insertion, and surgery, but recent trend is toward PTA and stents. Among the patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure from March 1993 to May 2002 and undergoing hemodialysis through AV fistula, the 14 Patients in whom central vein stenosis arose were selected for the study. A total of 28 percutaneous interventions(5 PTA and 23 stent placement) were performed, and restenosis rate and the time taken till the restenosis in de novo lesions and instant lesions were compared. All 28 cases were operated successfully. The 14 cases that received both anigioplasty and stent placement initially. (de novo lesion : 14 cases), Among the 10 cases with de novo lesion that followed up more than 1 year, 3 cases are currently undergoing hemodialysis without restenosis, and the remaining 7 cases have recurred stenosis with the mean time to restenosis of 10.9 months. In the 7 cases in whom stenosis recurred, 11 interventions were done(instent lesion: 11 cases). 4 of these were using only ballon angioplasty with 100% restenosis rate and the mean time of 3 months until restenosis. The remaining 7 cases were using both balloon angioplasty and stent placement, also with 100% restenosis rate but with the mean time of 12 months until restenosis, which was later than the group receiving only balloon angioplasty. In treating the patients with central vein stenosis, stent placement seems to be more advantageous over PTA in terms of restenosis rate and the mean duration of patency. In the case of instent lesion, inserting the stent for the second time after stenosis recurred lengthened the duration of patency compared to performing balloon angioplasty alone.

외안각 절제술과 경결막 절개에 의한 안와 접근법

정종철,김성범,서지훈,송민석,전창훈,최세훈,김현민 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.4

Various surgical approaches to the orbits have been used. But the transconjunctival approach, also called the inferior fornix incision, provides adequate access to the orbital floor with esthetic results. Additionally, transconjunctival approach with lateral canthotomy allows more wide surgical field and good access to the orbital area. Generally, preseptal approach is more used rather than postseptal approach in the transconjunctival incision for the prevention of fat herniation during surgery. There are some complications in transconjunctival approaches but these complications can be prevented with careful surgical techniques. We report clinical results in 12 patients who were treated by preseptal transconjunctival incision with lateral canthotomoy for the treatment of orbital trauma. We were satisfied with this technique for reduction and reconstruction of the orbital trauma and we could also observe relatively good esthetic results.

학생들이 사용한 엔진 구동형 Ni-Ti file systems의 근관 성형 효율 비교

강문성,김현철,허복,박정길 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 학생들이 사용한 세 가지 Ni-Ti 파일의 성형효율을 비교하고, 각 파일의 사용 경험 유무에 따른 차이를 비교하여 치과대학생을 위한 교육에 적합한 종류를 선택하는데 도움을 얻고자하는 것이다. Ni-Ti 파일 사용 경험이 없는 학생 50명과 Ni-Ti 파일을 사용한 근관치료 경력이 2년 이상인 경험자 10명이 세 종류의 Ni-Ti file - ProFile^(®) (PF), HeroShaper^(®) (HS), K3™ (K3) -을 사용하여 180개의 근관 모형을 성형하였다. 근관성형 시간 및 기구 변형, 근관 이형성을 조사하고 성형 전후 상을 중첩하여 근관 삭제폭, 근관변위량과 중심변위율을 1, 3, 5 ㎜에서 분석하였다. 1. 근관 성형시간은 HS군이 가장 빨랐으며, 총 삭제량은 모든 지점에서 K3군이 다른 군보다 컸다 (P<0.05). 2. 세 군 모두 1, 3 ㎜에서 외측 변이를 보였고, 1 ㎜ 지점에서 PF군이 가장 안정적이었다 (P< 0.05). 3. 중심변위율은 1, 3 ㎜에서 HS, PF군이 K3군보다 작았다. 5 ㎜ 지점에서 PF군이 가장 작았고, PF군 3 ㎜에서 학생은 경험자보다 유의하게 작았다 (P < 0.05). The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of three Ni-Ti file systems used by dental students or the experts and consequently to aid in choosing a proper systems for educational courses of dental students and beginners. Fifty students and ten dentists who have clinical experience over two years prepared 180 simulated root canals in resin blocks with three Ni-Ti systems: ProFile^(®) (PF), HeroShaper^(®) (HS), K3™ (K3). After preparation, the Ni-Ti files were evaluated for distortion and canal preparation time was recorded. The images of pre- and post-instrumented canals were scanned and superimposed. Amounts of increased canal widths,deviation, and centering ratio were calculated at apical 1, 3 and 5 ㎜ levels and statistical analysis was performed. The results were as follows: 1. HS showed the shortest preparation time and instrumented canal width in K3 was significantly larger than other groups (P< 0.05). 2. At 1 and 3 ㎜ levels, all groups had outward deviation. In student group, at the 1 ㎜ level, PF had the least deviation (P< 0.05). 3. In the centering ratio, the PF had the best centering ability compared to the others at 5 ㎜ level. At 1 and 3 ㎜ level, HS and PF had better abilities than K3. Student group had better ratio than the expert at 3 ㎜ level with PF (P<0.05). Based on the results, it is surmised that the ProFile^(®) is the safest and most ideal instrument for students and beginners.〔J Kor Acad Cons Dent 31(1):1-10, 2006〕

자연의 아름다움과 고급스러움이 공존하는 마임 비에타 쇼룸 제안 -오감 (시각, 청각, 후각, 촉각, 미각)을 중심으로-

김보현,이서연,은다솜,엄연정,이진민,장미정,이성애 숙명여자대학교 산업디자인연구소 2017 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 국내 브랜드 ‘마임'의 뷰티와 연계한 뷰티 쇼룸을 제안함에 있어서 공간속에 오감을 담아내는 일련의 프로세스를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이는 브랜드가 소유하고 있는 다양한 감각과 가치가 결여된 채 시각적 요소만이 담긴 브랜드 뷰티 쇼룸이 대다수를 차지하는 오늘날, 이에 대한 문제를 해결하기 위해 ’융합 연출 디자인'적 시점에서 폭넓게 바라보고 브랜드의 정신과 오감의 결합을 통해 이를 해결하고자 하였다. 이에 본 연구는 2017년 3월~6월 15주간 숙명여대 환경디자인학과 <융합연출 디자인>수업에서 진행된 수업의 결과물로서 산학 연계된 화장품 브랜드의 쇼룸디자인 개발 프로세스를 제안한다. 또한 본 연구의 범위는 오감을 담고 있는 뷰티 쇼룸(4D)이 되기까지의 과정 전체로 한다. 그 결과, 마임 뷰티쇼룸은 공간 디자인과 오감을 융합하여 영상에서 공간에 이르기까지 오감의 조화와 브랜드의 정신을 녹여내고 확장시켰다. 끝으로 본 연구는 뷰티 쇼룸 공간 디자인을 제안함에 있어서 오감을 활용하여 통합된 시점에서 그래픽·제품·공간을 개발 및 제시한 것에 의의가 있다. 또한 향후 이와 관련된 쇼룸 공간 개발에 있어서 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

원발성 폐암 환자의 생존율에 관한 보고

김현태,이상무,어수택,박춘식,정성환,허승재,남충희,강창희,김용훈 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.4

We analysed 404 patients with primary lung carcinoma who were treated at Soonchunhyang University Hospital from July, 1985 to september, 1993 in order to investigate the survival rate and epidemiolgical properties of primary lung cancer. They were 330 males and 74 females. The most prevalent decade was seventh. In terms of cell type, the squamous cell was 225 patients (55%), and adenocarcinoma, small cell, mixed type was 21%, 19%, 4%, respectively. Among non-small cell lung carcinoma, stage Ⅲa was the most prevalent one(92%). In case of small cell carcinoma, the limited stage was 64%. The 12-, 24-, 36- month survival rate of total patients was 57%, 31%, 22%, respectivley and median sruvival time was 15 months. The 36-month survival rate tended to be longer in non-small cell lung carcinoma than that of small cell lung cancer, but there was no difference between two groups, statistically. In non-small cell carcinoma, The 36-month survival rate and meidan survival time were longer in the stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ than those of Ⅲa, Ⅲb, Ⅳ (80% versus 38%, 22%, 0%, p<0.05). According to involvement of lymph node, the 36-month survival rate was longer in NO and N1 than those of N2, N3 (61.9%, 48.7% versus 17.7%, 17.3%, p<0.05). In small cell carcinoma, The 36-month survival rate and median survival rate were higher and longer in limited stage than those of extensive stage(16.1% and 13 month vs 10% and 8 month, p<0.05). In conclusion, we report here the incidence of primary lung carcinoma and the survival rate of paients with primary lung carcinoma who were treated in Soonchunhyang University Hospital.

退行性關節炎 韓方治療에 對한 最近 硏究 動向 : 臨床硏究 方法論을 中心으로 Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Pubmed and Chinese Medical Journals

서병관,류성룡,이송실,허정은,백용현,이재동,최도영,조윤제,김남재,박동석 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Objective : The aim of this study was to review systemically clinical trials on the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methods : Computerized literature searches were carried out on seven electronic databases, and hand-searching on some chinese medical journals in library of Kyung Hee Medical Center. Trial data were extracted in a standardized, predefined manner and assessed independently. Results : 1. Thirty reports of clinical trials and two reports of meta-analyses concerning herbal medicine were collected and reviewed Among these reports three medical herbs were applied as topical medicine and others as internal medicine. 2. The western studies established NSAIDs or placebo as their control group. Five chinese reports established formulated herb pill(Ruanshnagshenjin pill) as their control group and Six did not establish a control group at all. 3. ACR was the most highly used diagnostic criteria in the western studies while the Chinese used their official criteria established by their government or the criteria of their text books. 4. 20 reports chose the Lequesne functional index, SHAQ, WOMAC OA index, AIMS, and their own unique scoring system as the criteria of analysing the effect. Others chose clinical symptoms, articular functions, and lab finding as their criteria. 5. 7 single herbs and 19 formulated herbs were studied. Among the formulated herbs, Achyranthes japonica was studied in 10 of the studies and Angelica gigantis Radix in 8, making them the most often studied herbs among the studies.

혈액암환자에서 조혈모세포 이식 후 따르는 헤르페스 바이러스 감영 양상

이호섭,탁희상,신성훈,김양수,남성진,김혜수,박진희,정수현,김성빈,김예나 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.1

배경 : 헤르페스바이러스과에는 단순포진 바이러스(HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS, HSV), 수두대상포진 바이러스 (VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS, VZV), 엡스타인-바 바이러스 (EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS, EBV), 그리고 거대세포 바이러스 (CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, CMV) 등이 있다. 헤르페스바이러스 감염은 혈액암환자에서 조혈모세포 이식 환자에서 전파 (dissemination), 이차감염, 세균 중복 감염의 심각한 합병증을 일으킬 수 있다. 하지만 항암약물치료를 받는 림파종 환자에서 항 바이러스 약제의 사용 용량과 기간에 대한 concensus는 없다. 헤르페스바이러스 감염에 대한 발생율과 위험인자를 후향성으로 분석하였다. 방법 : 고신대학교 복음 병원에서 1995년 6월부터 2009 년 2월 사이에 새롭게 진단되어 조혈모세포 이식을 받은 전체 58명의 환자들이 후향적으로 현 연구에 등록했다. 헤르페스 바이러스 감염은 임상적 진단, 혈청학적 검사 또는 병리학적 진단에 기초하여 확진한다. 환자들의 특성은 다음과 같다: 평균 연령은 44세 (범위 19-62세)였고 남녀비는 30:28이었다. 등록된 질환은 백혈병 (n=9, 15.5%), 림프종 (n=30, 51.7%), 다발성 골수종 (n=12, 20.7%), 재생불량성 빈혈 (n=6, 10.3%) 그리고 골수이형성증후군 (n=1, 1.7%)이 포함되었다. 결과는 chi-squre test나 independent samples T test를 사용하여 분석되었다. Multivariate analysises에 대해 logistic regression test를 사용하였다. 결과 : 15명의 환자들 (25.9%)에서 조혈모세포 이식후 헤르페스 바이러스 감염이 발생하였다. 조혈모세포 이식 5년간 누적 발생율은 53.9%였다. Univariate analyses에서 헤르페스 바이러스 감염에 대한 유의한 위험 인자는 없었다. 하지만 조혈모세포 이식후 생존 기간(40.18 ± 30.14 months vs 20.06 ± 26.67 months, p=0.018)은 헤르페스 바이러스 감염의 낮은 발병율과 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 이식 편대 숙주질환 (GVHD)의 존재 (37.5% in developed GVHD vs 0% in no GVHD, p=0.200), 동종조혈 모세포 이식에서 면역억제요법의 기간 (15.98 ± 14.02 months vs 6.78 ± 3.67 months, p = 0.374)은 헤르페스 바이러스 감염에 대한 위험인자가 아니었다. 결론 : 조혈모세포 이식 후 생존 기간은 어사이클로비어 예방을 받은 혈액암 환자에서 헤르페스 바이러스 감염의 낮은 발병율과 연관성이 있는 것으로 보인다. 저용량의 어사이클로비어 예방은 헤르페스 바이러스 감염의 고위험군인 조혈모세포 이식을 받은 혈액암 환자에 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Herpesviridae family includes herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, etc. Herpesviridae viral infection (HVI) can lead to serious complications including dissemination, secondary infection, bacterial superinfection in patients with hematologic malignancy following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). But there was no consensus on the dose and duration of antiviral agents prophylaxis in patients undergoing chemotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed the incidence and the risk factors for HVI. Method : A total of 58 patients who newly diagnosed and received HSCT with prophylaxis of acyclovir at the Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea between June 1995 and February 2009 were enrolled retrospectively in the current study. HVI was confirmed based on clinical diagnosis, serologic test or pathologic diagnosis. The characteristics of the patients were as follows: the median age was 44 years (range 19-62 years) with a female-to-male ratio of 30:28. The enrolled diseases included leukemia (n=9, 15.5%), lymphoma (n=30, 51.7%), multiple myeloma (n=12, 20.7%), aplastic anemia (n=6, 10.3%) and myelodysplastic syndrome (n=1, 1.7%). The results were analyzed using a chi-square test and independent samples T test. For the multivariate analysis, we used logistic regression test. Results : Fifteen patients (25.9%) developed HVI after HSCT. The cumulative incidence of HVI was 53.8% at 5 years after HSCT. In univariate analysis, there was no significant risk factor for HVI. The presence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (37.5% in developed GVHD vs. 0% in no GVHD, p=0.200), duration of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in allo-SCT (15.98 ± 14.02 months vs. 6.78 ± 3.67 months, p = 0.374) were not risk factors for HVI. Conclusion : The incidence of HVI was similar to that in historical other studies. There was no risk factor associated with development of HVI. Most of the HVI occurred within the first 24 months after transplantation. So long term use of antiviral prophylaxis may be needed to prevention of HVI after HSCT.

폐결핵 환자 혈청에서 수용성 Interleukin 2 수용체 및 Adenosine Deaminase 활성도에 관한 연구

고정희,박성규,백상현,박찬권,박병수,안진영,최우석,박정규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.1

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces T cell proliferation in an autocrine manner and provides a means by which antigen triggered T cells can be clonally expanded in vitro. During the following activation, the activity of IL-2 is mediated by specific high affinity IL-2 binding membrane receptors which are expressed shortly after activation. In this process, a 42 KD-fragment (soluble IL-2R) is continuously cleaved off and circulates as a soluble marker of T lymphocyte activation. Elevated level of soluble IL-2R has been identified in the serum of patients with malignant autoimmune and allergic disorders, systemic parasitic infection, undergoing graft versus host disease, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and HIV-infection. ADA (adenosine deaminase) completes the process of differentiation of T cell and is essential for progression of T cell maturation. Therefore level of ADA is to correlated with magnitude of T cell immune response. The fact that expression of sIL-2R and ADA activity increases in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis suggests that T cell activation might have a major role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. In order to evaluate the T cell immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis, we measured the serum concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity in 17 patients with current pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 chronic inactive pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 as normal controls. (1) Current pulmonary tuberculosis had significantly higher levels of sIL-2R (237.24±95.47)when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (78.6±11.06). and the control (68.17±15.4) group. (2) ADA activity in current pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly increased (34.41±20.63) when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (24.7±14.36) and control (17.65± 5.94) group. (3) There was good correlation between sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group. (4) sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity was decreased significantly 6 months after anti-tuberculosis drug medication. In conclusion, sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group was increased when compared with those of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis and the control group. By the way, T cell mediated immune response was enhanced in current pulmonary tuberculosis, but in inactive chronic pulmonary tuberculosis who had treated by antituberculosis drug medication, the concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity was nearly normal.

소규모사업장 보건관리기술지원사업 지원여부에 따른 사업장내 의사소통 비교

정최경희,박혜숙,김정연,이경용,현성민,오지영,김수근,김현주,하은희 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

목적: 소규모사업장 보건관리기술지원사업 지원여부에 따라 사업장내 위험의사소통채널이 마련되었는지와 이 채널이 기능을 하는지, 그리고 의사소통채널마련과 사업장내 위험의사소통 활성화의 기본적이고 중요한 배경이 되는 사업주의 산업보건에 대한 관심이 차이가 있는지에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 서울, 안산, 대전, 광주, 포항 지역에서 보건관리기술지원사업을 받은 사업장과 받지 않은 사업장을 대상으로 비례층화무작위표본추출법을 사용하여 추출한 후 1991년 12월 6일부터 10일간 우편설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문대상은 각 사업장의 남녀 각 1명, 보건업무담당자, 사업주였으며, 설문내용은 사업장 및 응답자의 일반적 특성 및 사업장내 위험의사소통이었다. 설문에 응답이 온 463개 사업장의 자료를 자료처리하여 총 228개 사업장(단해년도지원 사업장 189개, 연속2년지원 사업장 13개, 비지원사업장 26개)을 대상으로 분석하였다. 결과: 사업장내 의사소통에 대한 단변량분석에서는 보건업무 담당자의 선정여부만이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 소규모사업장 보건관리기술지원사업을 지원받지 않은 사업장과 지원받은 사업장의 사업장내 위험의사소통을 비교하기 위한 로지스틱회귀분석 결과, 모든 항목에서 통계적으로는 유의한 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 그러나 사업주의 관심(OR ; 1.63, 95% CI ; 0.38~7.01)과 보건업무담당자의 선정(OR ; 3.67, 95% CI ; 1.00~13.44) 및 결정권한(OR ; 1.48, 95% CI ; 0.25~8.91), 사업주의 산업보건문제 소통(OR ; 3.07, 95% CI ; 0.81~11.71), 보건업무담당자의 정보요청경험(OR; 4.48, 95% CI ; 0.97~20.57)에서는 지원받지 않은 사업장에 비해 지원받은 사업장에서 교차비가 증가하는 양상을 보여주었다. 반면 노동자의 산업보건문제 소통가능성여부는 오히려 교차비가 0.53(95% CI ; 0.11~2.44)로 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 결론: 소규모사업장 보건관리기술지원사업을 의사소통의 측면에서 평가해보면, 사업주나 보건업무담당자에게는 다소 효과가 있었지만 노동자가 지속적으로 참여할 수 있도록 의사소통문화를 바꾸어내는 데에는 한계가 있었다. 개선을 위해서는 노동자 중심의 접근 프로그램의 개발 및 시행이 시급하다 할 수 있다. Objectives :This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the government-funded subsidized occupational health program for small-scale enterprises(GSOHP_SSE) by occupational health com-munication in workplace. Methods : We sampled the 1,835 enterprises of study by proportional stratified random sampling among industries of supported and not supported by GSOHP_SSE in Seoul, Ansan, Daejeon, Kwang-joo and Pohang. Information on the general characteristics of enterprises and respondants and occupational health communication in the workplace was collected on self-reported questionnaires by post-survey between December 6 and 15 in 2001. We received answers from 463 enterprises and analyzed 228 enterprises through data-cleaning by logistic regression to evaluate effectiveness of GSOHP-SSE about occupational health communication in the workplace. Results : By multiple logistic regression analysis, GSOHP_SSE turned out not to be statistically significant factor in all dependent variables about occupational health communication in the work-place. The concern of owner(odds ratio (below OR) ; 1.63, 95% confidence interval(below 95% CI) ; 0.38-7.01), formation(OR ; 3.67, 95% CI ; 1.00-13.44) and empowerment(OR ; 1.48, 95% CI ; 0.25-8.91) of health manager, request about occupational health problem of health manager(OR ;4.48, 95% CI ; 0.97-20.57) and occupational health communication of owner (OR ; 3.07, 95% CI ; 0.81-11.71) had the trend increasing OR in the industries supported GS-OHP_SSE relative to the industries not supported. But in recognition of possibility on occupational health communication of laborers, OR of GSOHP_SSE was decreased in 0.53(95% CI ; 0.11-2.44). Conclusions: This study found that the GSOHP_SSE was some effective to the side of employer and health manager, but had a limitation about change of communication culture useful to the laborers. We suggested the laborer-centered health training programs or the empowerment-based health training programs for effective occupational health management in the workplace.

A Review of Pharmacopuncture Treatment for Frozen Shoulder: A Literature Review of Clinical Trials

Jeong, Seong-Mok,Kim, Sung-Jin,Yoon, Jin-Young,Lee, Chang Hee,Shim, Sung-Eun,Kim, Jeong Hyon,Goo, Bon Hyuk,Park, Yeon-Cheol,Seo, Byung-Kwan,Nam, Sang-soo,Baek, Yong-Hyeon Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2018 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.35 No.4

The objective of this study was to review clinical trials of pharmacopuncture treatment for Frozen Shoulder and to evaluate trends in this field. The literature search was performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and 5 Korean electronic databases. A combination of "pharmacopuncture," "acupoint injection," "Frozen Shoulder," "adhesive capsulitis," and "periarthritis of shoulder" search terms were used. A total of 9 studies were included in this review. The studies were classified into herbal extract-based (5 types) and animal-based (2 types) pharmacopuncture treatment of Frozen Shoulder. There were 14 different acupoints and Ashi points used in the 9 studies. The total volume of herbal extract-based pharmacopuncture injected was usually between 2 mL and 4 mL, and for animal-based pharmacopuncture it was 1 ml. In most studies of Frozen Shoulder, pain was reduced and function was significantly improved after pharmacopuncture treatment. These results demonstrate that pharmacopuncture alleviates pain and restores function in patients with Frozen Shoulder. Further studies must be conducted on pharmacopuncture for management of Frozen Shoulder.