서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

결장 직장암 환자에서 근치적 절제술 후 혈청 CEA치의 변화에 대한 임상적 의의

김영훈,배병노,김기환,한세환,김홍주,김영덕,김홍용 대한대장항문학회 2003 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.19 No.6

인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

만성 B형 간염환자에서 인터페론 치료 후 간 조직검사 소견의 변화와 Tumor Necrosis Factor의 임상적 의의

김홍수,윤동진,김은주,정일권,박상흠,이문호,김선주 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

Background: Interferon has been widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, but its effectiveness is debatable. The clinical indices as the loss of HBeAg, HBV DNA, and improvement of liver function are applicated to identify the effectiveness of interferon therapy, but the mechanism of hepatohistological change is not well known. We investigated the changes of histologic finding and plasma tumor necrosis factor(TNF) in the patients with chronic hepatitis B after treatment with interferon-alpha. Methods: 11 patients with chronic hepatitis B who had treated by interferon-alpha were enrolled for this study. Liver biopsy was done before and after treatment of interferon and plasma TNF was evaluated at the same time. A semiquantitative study using a histologic scoring system was applied on pre and post liver biopsy specimens and the changes of HBeAg and HBV DNA were also evaluated. Results: Among subjects, the response group, recurrence group, and non-response group based on serologic response with clearance of HbeAg were6, 3, and 2 patients, respectively. The changes of serum ALT level and HBV DNA titer on pre and post therapy decreased significantly in the response group. The change of mean plasma TNF level in the response group decreased insignificantly to 19.4 from 19.9. The histological improvements of grading and staging were shown 4 patients in the response group. Conclusions: Serologic response with clearance of HBeAg was associated with histolofical improvement. The loss of HBsAg in the serum was significant indicator of reduction in the amount of HBV core antigen and HBV surface antigen in the hepatocytes. Plasma TNF level was not associated with response of interferon-alpha therapy and histologic activity.

실리카흄을 흔입한 고강도 콘크리트 개발

홍창우,김태경,김경진,김성환,김남윤,심도식,이정호,윤청호,백민경,원치문,박제선,이주형,정경일 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

콘크리트 구조물이 대형화됨에 따라 설계단면이 증대되어 상대적으로 많은 경제적 손실을 부담하게 된다. 따라서 단면을 감소시키면서도 소요의 하중에 안전한 구조물을 건설하기 위해서는 우선적으로 구조물 건설에 기초가 되는 고품질, 고내구성의 고강도 콘크리트 개발이 절실히 요구된다 본 연구에서는 일정 시멘트비 및 혼화재 비율하에서 소요의 워커빌리티가 확보되는 고강도 콘크리트를 시간과 온도의 변화에 따라 증기 양생하여, 압축, 인장, 휨강도 뿐만 아니라 파괴특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 시료 제작시 시멘트 입자 사이의 공극 및 불연속 영역을 충전하여 고밀도화하기 위한 콘크리트용 혼화재로 시멘트 비표면적이 상당히 작은 초미립 분말인 실리카흄을 이용하였다. 또한 AE감수제 및 고성능 유동화제를 사용하여 혼화재의 첨가에 의하여 발생될 수 있는 워커빌리티의 감소를 방지하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 일정 양생 지속 시간하에서 온도의 증가에 따라 콘크리트의 압축, 인장 및 휨강도가 전반적으로 증가하였다. 동일하게 일정 온도하에서 양생 지속시간이 커짐에 따라 강도들이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 상대적으로 높은 온도와 긴 지속 양생 조건하에서 파괴에 대한 저항력이 크게 나타났다. The compressible, tensible, and flexibleresistance of the high strength concrete is analyzed by the experimentation in the present study. For the test, we cure several samples with the silica fume as a mixture being become dense the spaces between the particle of cement under the variation of both the temperature and the curing-interval. Then, the superplasticizer and the ezcon are also used to satisfy the required workability for construction. The compressible, tensible, and flexible resistances to a stress are increased as increasing the temperature and the time interval for the curing. Therefore it is concluded that the overal fractural and mechanical properties is improved by mixing the silica fume into the cement.

연령증가에 따른 혈압요소들의 좌심실비대 및 관동맥질환과의 관련성

박재석,박창규,박미영,박재형,김용현,나진오,신성희,서순용,홍순준,박성미,임홍의,김응주,서홍석,오동주,노영무 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

Angiotensin 전환효소 유전자 다형성과 양극성 장애

김경나,김종우,정주호,이기철,정홍경,임성빈 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.2

연구목적 : 감정조절에 Renin-Angiotensin System이 관여하는 것으로 보고되어 왔다. 그 근거로 우울증의 새로운 약물치료로 주목받고 있는 Substance P의 대사에 angiotensin 전환효소(angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE)가 관여한다는 것과 고혈압 환자에서 angiotensin 전환효소 억제제(ACE inhibitor)를 사용했을 때 다행감이나 우울감을 초래한다는 것 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 ACE의 유전자 다형성을 분석하여 양극성장애와 ACE와의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 양극성장애로 진단된 환자군 82명과 대조군 135명을 대상으로 16번째 intron의 다형성 부위를 가진 시발체 쌍(primer pair)을 사용하며 중합효소 연쇄반응(Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR)을 시행하여 490bp 산물(I allele)과 190bp 산물(D allele)을 관찰함으로써 ACE 유전자의 유전자형(genotype)의 발현율과 대립유전자(allele)의 빈도를 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 양극성장애 환자군과 대조군 사이에서 유전자형의 발현율과 대립유전자적 빈도는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 양극성장애 환자군과 ACE 유전자 다형성 사이에 유의한 관련성은 없었다. 이 결과는 ACE가 양극성 장애의 원인으로 주요한 역할을 한다는 것을 시사하지 못했다. Objectives : A possible participation of the Renin-Angiotensin Systern(RAS) in regulating of the mood has been suggested by reports as follows : the angiotensrn converting enzyme(AGE1 is involved jn the metabolism of the neuropeptide substance P impficated with novel strategies for the pharmacotherapy of depression and the use of ACE inhibitors in hypertensive patients has been associated with euphoric or depressive stales. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism for bipolar disorder. Methods : We examined the frequency of a polymorphism characterized by the insertion or deletion of a 287-bp Alu repeat sequence in intron 16 of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene(located on chromosome 37q233 in groups of patients with bipolar disorder(n=82) compared to healthy control subjects[n=135). ACE genotype was determined by size-analysis of polymerase chain reaction products. Results : The ACE ID polymorphism did not show any difference in allelic frequencies and genotypic distributions between bipolar disorder patients and control subjects. Conclusions : No significant association was found with bipolar disorder and the polymorphism of ACE gene. This finding does not support that ACE I/D polymorphism is a significant risk factor for bipolar disorder.

상표자산과 구매의도와의 관계에 관한 국제비교연구 : 아시아와 유럽의 의류시장을 중심으로

김경훈,고은주,Graham Hooley,Nick Lee,이동해,정홍섭,전병주,문학일 가야대학교 2009 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구는 상표자산의 구성요소에 대한 선행요인을 분석하고 이를 토대로 하여 상표자산 구성요소와 상표자산 영향요인간의 관계 그리고 상표자산 구성요소와 구매의도간의 관계를 규명하고 한국과 영국을 중심으로 비교하여 상표자산관리 방안을 도출해보고자 하였다 연구결과, 정보탐색은 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 상표태도와 상표지식은 상표 충성도와 상표 가치에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 그리고 상표충성도와 상표가치는 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정보원천의 경우, 한국에서는 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있는 반면, 영국에서는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. Brand equity is one of the most important concepts in business practice as well as in academic research. Successful brands can allow marketers to gain competitive advantage (Lassar et al.,1995), including the opportunity for successful extensions, resilience against competitors' promotional pressures, and the ability to create barriers to competitive entry (Farquhar, 1989). Branding plays a special role in service firms because strong brands increase trust in intangible products (Berry, 2000), enabling customers to better visualize and understand them. They reduce customers' perceived monetary, social, and safety risks in buying services, which are obstacles to evaluating a service correctly before purchase. Also, a high level of brand equity increases consumer satisfaction, repurchasing intent, and degree of loyalty. Brand equity can be considered as a mixture that includes both financial assets and relationships. Actually, brand equity can be viewed as the value added to the product (Keller, 1993), or the perceived value of the product in consumers' minds. Mahajan et al. (1990) claim that customer-based brand equity can be measured by the level of consumers’ perceptions. Several researchers discuss brand equity based on two dimensions: consumer perception and consumer behavior. Aaker (1991) suggests measuring brand equity through price premium, loyalty, perceived quality, and brand associations. Viewing brand equity as the consumer’s behavior toward a brand, Keller (1993) proposes similar dimensions: brand awareness and brand knowledge. Thus, past studies tend to identify brand equity as a multidimensional construct consisted of brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand knowledge, customer satisfaction, perceived equity, brand associations, and other proprietary assets (Aaker, 1991, 1996; Blackston, 1995; Cobb-Walgren et al., 1995; Na, 1995). Other studies tend to regard brand equity and other brand assets, such as brand knowledge, brand awareness, brand image, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and so on, as independent but related constructs (Keller, 1993; Kirmani and Zeithaml, 1993). Walters(1978) defined information search as, "A psychological or physical action a consumer takes in order to acquire information about a product or store." But, each consumer has different methods for informationsearch. There are two methods of information search, internal and external search. Internal search is, "Search of information already saved in the memory of the individual consumer"(Engel, Blackwell, 1982) which is, "memory of a previous purchase experience or information from a previous search."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). External search is "A completely voluntary decision made in order to obtain new information"(Engel & Blackwell, 1982) which is, "Actions of a consumer to acquire necessary information by such methods as intentionally exposing oneself to advertisements, taking to friends or family or visiting a store."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). There are many sources for consumers’ information search including advertisement sources such as the internet, radio, television, newspapers and magazines, information supplied by businesses such as sales people, packaging and in-store information, consumer sources such as family, friends and colleagues, and mass media sources such as consumer protection agencies, government agencies and mass media sources. Understanding consumers’ purchasing behavior is a key factor of a firm to attract and retain customers and improving the firm’s prospects for survival and growth, and enhancing shareholder’s value. Therefore, marketers should understand consumer as individual and market segment. One theory of consumer behavior supports the belief that individuals are rational. Individuals think and move through stages when making a purchase decision. This means that rational thinkers have led to the identification of a consumer buying decision process. This decision process with its different levels of involvement and influencing factors has been widely accepted and is fundamental to the understanding purchase intention represent to what consumers think they will buy. Brand equity is not only companies but also very important asset more than product itself. This paper studies brand equity model and influencing factors including information process such as information searching and information resources in the fashion market in Asia and Europe. Information searching and information resources are influencing brand knowledge that influences consumers purchase decision. Nine research hypotheses are drawn to test the relationships among antecedents of brand equity and purchase intention and relationships among brand knowledge, brand value, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. H1. Information searching influences brand knowledge positively. H2. Information sources influence brand knowledge positively. H3. Brand knowledge influences brand attitude. H4. Brand knowledge influences brand value. H5. Brand attitude influences brand loyalty. H6. Brand attitude influences brand value. H7. Brand loyalty influences purchase intention. H8. Brand value influence purchase intention. H9. There will be the same research model in Asia and Europe. We performed structural equation model analysis in order to test hypotheses suggested in this study. The model fitting index of the research model in Asia was X2=195.19(p=0.0), NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.87, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.083, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. In Europe, it was X2=133.25(p=0.0), NFI=0.81, NNFI=0.85, CFI=0.89, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.073, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. From the test results, hypotheses were accepted. All of these hypotheses except one are supported. In Europe, information search is not an antecedent of brand knowledge. This means that sales of global fashion brands like jeans in Europe are not expan

Burkhoderia sp. AK-17에 의한 잎들깨 재배의 생물학적 조절

김근기,김용균,손홍주,최영환,강규영 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.

There are various crop diseases in green houses that are caused by the cultural environments, especially high temperature and moisture. To solve the forementioned problems, farmers are overusing agricultural chemicals, causing other damages by the chemical residue. In this study, antagonistic bacteria as biological control agents were isolated to produce the environmentally-friendly crops for use in green houses. Eighteen species of antagonistic bacteria were totally isolated from the soil and plants in the Perilla fields, and AK-17 showed the highest activity among the isolates. According to the results of anti-fungal spectrum against several pathogens by AK-17, the antagonism effect of the isolates was remarkable against grey mold rot by Botrytis cinerea, sclerotinia rot by Sclerotnia sclerotiorum, and stem rot by Rhizoctonia solini. To evaluate the biological control effects of the isolates against the major diseases of Perilla, studies were carried out to evaluate the preventive and the curative effects of the diseases throughout the pot experiments. According to the forementioned experiments, the preventive and the curative effects by the isolates against sclerotinia rot were respectively showed as 55% and 92%. For the grey mold rot, those were 40% and 78%, respectively. As to the evaluation of the growth-promoting effect by AK-17, the length and the biomass of the tested plants were increased to 120% and to 164%, respectively. For the leaf numbers and area were respectively increased to 120% and 220%. Furthermore, AK-17 was identified as Burkhoderia sp. according to the results of physiological properties and genetic methods. 시설원예단지의 재배환경은 고온다습으로 많은 병해가 발생하며, 이를 방제하기위해 과다한 농약을 사용하므로 농약 잔류성에 대한 피해가 심각한 우려를 낳고 있다. 미생물을 이용한 생물학적 방제법 개발로 청정 시설원예작물을 생산할 목적으로 길항균을 분리하였다. 잎들깨 재배토양과 식물체로부터 길항세균 18종을 분리하였으며 분리한 길항세균 중에 AK-17이 가장 활성이 뛰어나 이를 이용하여 주요 식물병원균에 대한 항균스펙트럼을 조사하였다. 그 결과 잿빛곰팡이병원균의 Botrytis cinerea와 균핵병원균의 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 및 줄기썩음병원균인 Rhizoctonia solant에 대한 항균효과가 뛰어났다. 잎들깨의 주요 병에 대한 생물학적 방제실험은 병발생 억제효과와 병방제효과를 pot 실험으로 실시했다. 그 결과 균핵병은 55%의 병발생 억제효과와 92%의 방제효과가 있었고, 잿빛곰팡이병은 40%의 병발생 억제효과와 78%의 방제효과를 확인할 수 있었다. AK-17의 식물 생육촉진효과는 신장이 120%, 생체중이 164% 증가되었으며, 엽수와 엽면적은 각각 120%와 220%의 증가효과를 보였다. 그리고 AK-17을 생리·생화학적방법과 유전학적 방법으로 동정한 결과, Burkhoderia sp.로 확인되었다.

멀티미디어 환경에서의 인터페이스 디자인을 위한 타이포그래피 연구

김주형,안홍국 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.5 No.1(A)

Interface design is an important key to communicate multimedia program with user. Good interface design could be called interactive interface or graphic user interface. Graphic is very important element in interface design and Typography is most important. This study is a search for the typography's new development for interface design in multimedia field. I suggest several possibilities of typography design for interface design, so I hope this will be a step to the evolution of typography design for interface design in multimedia.