민주적 혁신의 정치이론: 역동적 민주주의를 향하여

김주형,서현수 한국정치학회 2023 한국정치학회보 Vol.57 No.1

The concept of democratic innovations refer to the institutions, processes, and movements which seek to renovate and reconstruct the traditional forms of representative politics through the widening and deepening of citizen participation. In this article, we try to lay the theoretical ground for such innovative practices. We make two arguments. First, and at the level of democratic institutions, we suggest a model of dynamic democracy that creatively combines instances of representation, participation, and deliberation. Second, and at the level of citizenship, we argue that democratic innovations should aim to foster critical and participatory citizenship as a long-term goal rather than remain fixated on achieving immediate policy goals at hand.

CNF의 내부 기공에 Zn-Mg의 친리튬 촉매를 적용하여 가역적 리튬을 유도하는 CNF 집전체가 적용된 리튬 금속 배터리 개발

김주형,조민기,최재홍,이채원,오필건,손윤국 한국공업화학회 2022 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

3도 이상의 치핵 환자에서 Starion™과 Harmonic Scalpel™을 이용한 치핵절제술의 치료효과 비교

김주형,이용표 대한대장항문학회 2009 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and the outcome when using the Starion™ and the Harmonic Scalpel™ vessel sealing systems for a sutureless hemorrhoidectomy. Methods: This study is a randomized, controlled trial. Patients with Grade 3 and 4 hemorrhoids were categorized into two groups: the Starion™ hemorrhoidectomy (30 patients) group and the Harmonic Scalpel™ hemorrhoidectomy (30 patients) group. The measures of the primary outcomes were the operating time, the postoperative pain score, and the patient satisfaction score. Secondary outcome criteria included early and delayed complications: postoperative bleeding, anal stenosis, urinary difficulty, and skin tag. Results: The satisfaction scores 4 wk postoperatively were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.186). However, the operating time was reduced (P=0.019), the pain score was lower (P=0.009), and the satisfaction score 1 wk postoperatively (P=0.001) was lower in the Starion™ hemorrhoidectomy group. In addition, there were no differences in early and delayed postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Both methods were found to be surprisingly equivalent in all major aspects analyzed. A Starion™ hemorrhoidectomy with submucosal dissection can provide a safe, fast, bloodless, reduced-pain, and low-priced surgical alternative to hemorrhoidal surgery. More studies are needed to determine whether similar favorable results can be attained in patients with more severe, strangulated hemorrhoids. Purpose: The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and the outcome when using the Starion™ and the Harmonic Scalpel™ vessel sealing systems for a sutureless hemorrhoidectomy. Methods: This study is a randomized, controlled trial. Patients with Grade 3 and 4 hemorrhoids were categorized into two groups: the Starion™ hemorrhoidectomy (30 patients) group and the Harmonic Scalpel™ hemorrhoidectomy (30 patients) group. The measures of the primary outcomes were the operating time, the postoperative pain score, and the patient satisfaction score. Secondary outcome criteria included early and delayed complications: postoperative bleeding, anal stenosis, urinary difficulty, and skin tag. Results: The satisfaction scores 4 wk postoperatively were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.186). However, the operating time was reduced (P=0.019), the pain score was lower (P=0.009), and the satisfaction score 1 wk postoperatively (P=0.001) was lower in the Starion™ hemorrhoidectomy group. In addition, there were no differences in early and delayed postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Both methods were found to be surprisingly equivalent in all major aspects analyzed. A Starion™ hemorrhoidectomy with submucosal dissection can provide a safe, fast, bloodless, reduced-pain, and low-priced surgical alternative to hemorrhoidal surgery. More studies are needed to determine whether similar favorable results can be attained in patients with more severe, strangulated hemorrhoids.

공단 지역의 토양과 지하수 오염현황에 대한 조사 연구

김주형,오석영,김준헌,안성민,차순우,정대산,한경표,조양준,안성욱,김화용,이종협 대한환경공학회 1997 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.1997 No.12

중국 해상교통안전법의 국제법적 쟁점에 관한 고찰

김주형 한국해사법학회 2022 해사법연구 Vol.34 No.1

중국은 변화된 해상교통 여건을 반영하고 자국의 해양주권을 강화하기 위하 여 2021년 4월 29일 「중국 해상교통안전법」을 전면 개정하고, 같은 해 9월 1 일 시행에 들어갔다. 동법은 「중국 해경법」과 더불어 중국의 해양관할권 주 장을 뒷받침하고 해양권익을 수호하기 위한 중요한 양대 해양법제라고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 「중국 해상교통안전법」의 일부 조항들은 국제해양법에 부합하지 않는다. 예컨대, 불분명한 관할해역의 설정, 무해통항권을 침해하는 사전보고 의무 부과, 그리고 외국 군함 및 비상업용 정부 선박에 대한 단속 등이 해당될 수 있다. 이러한 조항들은 신설된 「중국 해경법」의 유사조항들과 일맥상통하 는 규정들로 국제법의 일반적 규범에 부합하지 않기 때문에 주변국과 국제사회 의 우려를 자아내고 있다. 만일 중국 당국이 관할해역에서 엄격한 법 집행에 나설 경우 외국 선박과의 마찰 발생과 외교 분쟁으로 비화될 가능성이 매우 높다. 이 논문에서는 「중국 해상교통안전법」의 국제해양법적 쟁점과 문제점을 비교법적으로 고찰하여 시사점을 도출하고, 향후 한·중 간 발생할 수 있는 해상 교통 측면의 갈등 가능성에 대비하여야 함을 역설하였다. On April 29, 2021, People's Republic of China(hereinafter, China) had promulgated revised Maritime Traffic Safety Law(hereinafter, MTSL) and took effect on September 1. It aims to reflect recent maritime traffic conditions and strengthen China’s maritime sovereignty. MTSL and Coast Guard Law(hereinafter, CGL) serve as a dual major legal framework to protect China’s maritime jurisdiction and national interests at sea, especially in East and South China Sea. However some provisions in revised MTSL are inconsistent with international law. For examle, ambiguous jurisdictional maritime zone, obligatory reporting system hampering the right of innocent passage and improper applications to sovereign immunity vessels such as foreign warships, non-commercial government ships. If China conducts strict law enforcement in accordance with MTSL in disputed maritime zone, South China Sea, it is highly likely to occur conflicts with foreign ships and could turn into diplomatic dispute. Such provisions are in line with similar provisons in CGL, not in conformity with international law, which is raising concerns in neighboring countries and the international community. This paper examines international legal issues in China’s MTSL comparatively and draws implications after law enforcement, and then argued the necessity to prepare countermeasures for future conflict situations with China in maritime traffic section.

중국의 남중국해 해양관할권 강화정책과 실행에 관한 연구

김주형 한국해양수산개발원 2018 해양정책연구 Vol.33 No.1

Since the potential of massive oil reserves in South China Sea(hereinafter SCS) had released in 1960s, territorial disputes and maritime claims had been started in earnest among surrounding coastal states such as China, Vietnam, etc. SCS is a strategic location geopolitically in perspective of sea lane of communication, fishery, natural resources and military. China had declared ambiguous ‘Nine Dash Line’ which occupies 90% of SCS and its excessive maritime claims has been denied legally by the final ruling of SCS Arbitration issued by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in July 12, 2016. However, China has continued to build militarized artificial islands in several occupied features regardless of the ruling. In addition, China has taken comprehensive actions to strengthen maritime claims in SCS, for example, establishing administrative offices, national legislation applicable, nurturing coast guard and maritime militia, and implementation of other substantial activities in SCS. However it seems there is no effective method or instrument to deter China’s assertive maritime claims in SCS except for the physical force almost impossible. This study examines the cause and effect of the SCS dispute, implications of the SCS arbitration, surrounding countries’ responses, and China's comprehensive policy and tenacious strategies to keep the maritime jurisdiction in SCS. This paper aims to draw implications for reference through the above mentioned research and analysis in establishing relevant Korea‘s maritime policy against surrounding countries.

고강도 고함량 고로슬래그 콘크리트의 강도 발현 특성 및 내구성

김주형,정지용,장승엽,정상화,김성일,Kim, Joo-Hyung,Jeong, Ji-Yong,Jang, Seung-Yup,Jung, Sang-Hwa,Kim, Sung-Il 한국건설순환자원학회 2015 한국건설순환자원학회 논문집 Vol.3 No.3

본 연구에서는 고강도 고함량 고로슬래그 콘크리트의 개발을 위해 고로슬래그 미분말(GGBFS)을 65%까지 치환한 물-결합재비 23%의 고강도 콘크리트를 대상으로 압축강도 발현 특성과 내구성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 GGBFS를 65% 혼입한 고강도 콘크리트의 압축강도는 재령 3일까지는 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트(OPC)만을 사용한 콘크리트보다 낮지만 재령 7일 이후부터 더 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 강도의 증가와 함께 공극구조가 더 치밀해짐으로써 염소이온 투과 저항성이 커지고, 이로인해 별도의 공기연행 없이도 우수한 동결융해 저항성을 확보할 수 있으며, 수산화칼슘의 감소에도 불구하고 우수한 탄산화 저항성을 나타냈다. 반면 실리카퓸(SF)을 GGBFS와 함께 혼입하면 GGBFS만 혼입한 경우보다 강도는 낮아지고 염소이온 투과 저항성이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 고강도 고함량 고로슬래그 콘크리트에서의 SF의 반응에 대한 심층적인 연구가 요망된다. To develop high-strength high-volume ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete, this study investigated the characteristics of strength development and durability of concrete with the water-to-binder ratio of 23% and the GGBFS replacement ratio of up to 65%. The results show that the compressive strength of GGBFS blended concrete is lower than that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete up to 3-day age, but the becomes higher after 7-day age. Together with strength increase, the pore structure becomes tighter, and thus the resistance to chloride ion penetration increases. Therefore, the GGBFS blended concrete has high resistance to freezing and thawing without additional air-entraining, and high resistance to carbonation despite low amount of calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$). On the other hand, if silica fume (SF) is blended with GGBFS, the strength becomes lower than that of the concrete blended with GGBFS only, and the resistance to chloride ion penetration deceases. Therefore, it needs further studies on the reaction of SF in high-strength high-volume GGBFS concrete.

Photoacclimation strategies of the temperate coralline alga Corallina officinalis: a perspective on photosynthesis, calcification, photosynthetic pigment contents and growth

김주형,Sao Mai N. Lam,김광영 한국조류학회I 2013 ALGAE Vol.28 No.4

The coralline alga, Corallina officinalis, is a widely distributed intertidal species in temperate coastal regions. It is usually exposed to high fluctuations of light intensity, light quality, temperature, and desiccation, all of which affect the temporal and spatial distribution as well as the morphology and the metabolism of this alga. In laboratory experiments we examined the effects of different light intensities (50, 100, and 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1) on photosynthesis, calcification, photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophyll a and carotenoids), and growth rate of C. officinalis to clarify its photoacclimation strategies. Net photosynthesis, calcification and dissolution rates based on weight were not sensitive to irradiance. Although, photosynthesis and calcification did not clearly respond to light intensity, photosynthetic pigment contents were significantly lower at higher light intensities. In addition, higher irradiances induced significant enhancement of gross photosynthesis based on chlorophyll a. As a result, the specific growth rate was significantly stimulated by high light intensity. Our results suggest that photoacclimation of C. officinalis to different light conditions may be regulated to optimize growth.

Comparison of characteristics in patients with both thyroid and breast cancer: Based on order of incidence

김주형,강인천,남상근,박형석,박세호,정종주,남기현,정웅윤,김승일,조영업,박병우 대한종양외과학회 2017 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with both thyroid and breast cancer during their lifetime were analyzed to investigate the association between the two malignancies according to the order of incidence. Methods: A total of 405 patients who underwent surgery for breast and thyroid cancer at Severance Hospital between 1995 and 2014 were retrospectively selected and classified into 3 groups according to the order of incidence of the two cancers: simultaneous cancer (S), thyroid cancer followed by breast cancer (TB), and breast cancer followed by thyroid cancer (BT). Univariate analysis was conducted to compare parameters. Results: S, TB, and BT groups were 166 (41.0%), 96 (23.7%), and 143 (35.3%) patients, respectively. In TB and BT groups, tumor size and surgical site for secondary cancer were smaller; therefore, adjuvant treatments were less frequently required for secondary cancer. ER positive rate was 77.1% in S, 75% in TB, and 63.7% in BT groups (P=0.027). The ratio of ER negative was higher in the group with BRAF mutation. Survival rate for index tumor was higher in order from TB, and BT, followed by S groups without statistical difference. Conclusion: It is difficult to find a significant difference according to the order of occurrence except by screening test, and more studies are needed in the future. Establishing an appropriate screening program is important in order to detect secondary breast or thyroid cancer after surgery for thyroid or breast cancer.

균일한 고형 신세포암과 평활근 위주의 신혈관근지방종의 방사선학적 감별

김주형,조재호,장재천,박복환 대한영상의학회 2002 대한영상의학회지 Vol.47 No.3