L형 공간 내에서의 자연대류 열전달

송성암,김동균,배석태,김시범 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1996 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.2

A study on the natural convection inside an L-shaped enclosure of which left wall is maintained at T_C and right wall and part of the bottom are T-H has been performed numeriacally for aspect ratio A=1, geometrically different five cases and for Ra=1×10³∼1×10^5. As the L-shape of the enclosure goes thinner vertically and horizontally like case 5, the mean Nusselt number at the left cold wall becomes smaller for same Ra, and there is little influence of the increase of Ra on mean Nusselt number.

난치성 만성정신분열증 환자의 생활의 질에 미치는 정신사회치료 프로그램의 효과에 대한 예비연구

송동호,배민진,이종호,이홍식,김선경,서호석,김찬형,전지용 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.4

Objects : Recent studies of psychosocial adjustment after hospitalization have found that the combination of maintenance antipsychotic drug treatment and psychosocial treatment including psychoeducational program are highly predictive of social rehabilitation and reduction of subsequent relapse. Two groups of patients with refractory chronic schizophrenia were preliminarily compared to determine the effect of a psychosocial treatment program on the quality of life in refractory chronic schizophrenics in an open comparative trial. Methods : One group(N=11) was assigned to approximately six months of the psychosocial treatment program(including psychoeducation program and activity program such as interpersonal relationship program, social skill training, self management program, outings, etc), in a group format, twice a week and a fixed maintenance dosage of clozapine ; while scale(QLS) was used to provide an objective measure of changes in patient's psychosocial functioning and a general assessment of psychopathology was made using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS). Results : Both BPRS total positive score and the QLS total score, especially in the intrapsychic foundation factor of the scale showed a statistically significant improvement in the psychosocial treatment group. But there was no significant change in both BPRS and QLS scores over a 6-month period in the non-psychosocial treatment group. A significant negative correlation was found between the negative symptom and changes of QLS total, instrumental role and common object and activities scores respectively after receiving a 6-month of the psychosocial treatment program. Conclusion : These results suggest that a psychosocial treatment program including the integration of psychoeducation and a skill training oriented activity program serve as an outpatient treatment modality to improve the quality of the life in refractory chronic schizophrenia. To further clarify the effect of psychosocial treatment in chronic schizophrenia, a randomized trial should be done.

인천교육대학교 과학ㆍ수학 영재 캠프의 운영에 관한 기초 연구

송상헌,정동권,강호감,여상인,노석구 인천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 과학교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

경기도와 인천시의 초등교사 양성을 책임지고 있는 인천교육대학교의 입장에서는 경기·인천지역의 초등 과학과 수학분야의 영재교육 프로그램을 경험하려는 학생들에게 기대와 요구를 충족시켜 줄 책임과 의무가 있다. 이에 인천교육대학교에서는 과학교육연구소가 중심이 되어 영재교육연구원이나 영재교육원을 설치하기 위한 장기적인 목표 하에 과학·수학 영재교육을 실시할 수 있는 실제적인 방안을 모색할 필요성에 따라, 우선 실험적으로 캠프 형식의 운영을 실험해 보았다. 본 연구는 이러한 구체적인 현장 사례연구를 바탕으로 인천교육대학교에서 주관하는 영재교육추진 기본 계획 수립을 위한 초등 과학·수학분야 영재교육 프로그램의 운영 모델과 그것의 실천에 필요한 장기적인 전망을 제안한다. 캠프에서 운영할 수 있는 프로그램의 성격은 심화형의 다 주제 탐구형으로 진행하면서 다양한 교과나 체험을 위주로 한 내용과 형식을 갖출 것을 권장한다. 영재캠프에 참가할 수 있는 자격 조건과 선발 기준은 운영하고자 하는 프로그램의 내용과 성격에 가장 부합하도록 특성화되어야 하고, 캠프에 참가한 학생들에 대한 지속적인 사후 관리가 필요하다. 지속적인 교육과 운영을 위해서는 장기적인 연구 계획 및 예산 수립이 필요하며, 각 교과의 전문가들과 보다 장기적인 공동연구를 수행해야만 한다. 그러면서 영재교육연구원이나 영재교육원의 운영을 목표로 영재교사 양성을 위한 직무연수 프로그램이나 부설 사회교육원의 프로그램을 통해 학부모 교실을 운영할 수 있음도 제안한다. This is a basic study on the science and math camp program for the gifted and talented children in science and mathematics. We organized and managed empirical camp twice for 2 years. From those experiences, we proposed a sample model to manage good camp and a long term vision. This is the result of the basic study on the management of the science and mathematics camp program in Inchon National University of Education.

Methylene Blue의 Metachromasy에 對한 溶媒效果의 吸收分光學的 硏究

宋基東,尹晳珍 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

A typical metachromatic dye, methylene bIue, has been found not to associate in ethanol, ethyIene glycerol and 80wt.% dioxane and the spectra observed in the various kind of organic soIvents are in good agreement with the calculated monomer spectra in both the shape and the absorption intensity. These facts reveal that the water molecules play an important role in the self-association of the dye molecules in aqueous solution. In this study, The spectral changes of methylene blue were observed in the mixtures of water and organic solvents with the chane in wt.% organic solvent, and analyzed. Discussions were made both upon the change in intensity and frequency shift. The result intensity change is ascribed to the change in the degree of association and the frequency is explained in the terms of the interaction between the excited state of the molecules and solvent polarity. The unexpected red shift due to the addition of organic solvent in water seems to be the result of the water-structure effect on the formation of the dye dimers.

대전지역 세대별 여가활동 참가 실태 분석

송석란,김동건,이정흔 충남대학교 체육과학연구소 2006 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analysis the actual condition of participation in leisure activities among generations in Daeion. Various sociological theories related to the generation gap have been adapted to fit the field of leisure and recreation 495 samples were selected and completed the questionnaire containing three dimensions. A drop-off, pick-up procedure was used for questionnaire distribution and collection. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS package. In order to test differences in leisure activity among generations, data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, a chi-square and one-way ANOVA test. The result of this study were as Mowings: Frist, there was significant difference among the various types of Leisure Activities By Generations. Second, it was founded that leisure satisfaction showed a significant difference among Generations. Based upon these findings and within limitations of this study, these results support the previous studies that there was significant difference among the various types of Leisure Activities, leisure satisfaction By Generations.

지역사회획득 폐렴의 치료지침 권고안

송재훈,정기석,강문원,김도진,배현주,서지영,심태선,안중현,안철민,우준희,이남용,이동건,이미숙,이상무,이영선,이혁민,정두련,지역사회획득 폐렴 치료지침 제정위원회 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.3

A successful therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requires appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens of pneumonia can differ by country. Therefore, an ideal treatment guideline of community-acquired pneumonia should be based on the studies performed in each country. We developed a treatment guideline for community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults in Korea. This guideline was developed by the joint committee of the Korean Society for Chemotherapy, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory diseases.

비접촉 3차원 족형 측정 시스템 설계를 위한 Device Driver 설계

송강석,박인덕,이동근,김시경,김용진 공주대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

This paper presents a cost-effective integrated 3D system that extracts the 3-dimensional foot data? to design the custom footwear. To measure the 3-dimensional data of the foot, a CCD camera and a Non-Gaussian laser line projector and optical triangulation method are employed. Furthermore, the integrated system employs a measurement base, a frame grabber, a CCD moving cart, a stepping motor and computer. The measurement result is saved as a 3D dxf foot data and a 2D eccensial data for a last design. The experimental results demonstrates that proposed? system have the descent resolution with 1mm which is enough for last and shoe design.

국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성

송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.

불소의 국소도포에 의한 백서 치아 무기이온 용출 억제효과

김동응,송근배,윤희숙 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1990 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.7 No.2

In order to determine the inhibitory effects by topical fluorides on dissolution of inorganic ions, 2% NaF, 10% SnF_2 and 1.23% APF gel were topically applied to the incisors of rat for two to four times. The collected incisors were decalcified with 5ml of acetic acid buffer solutions(pH 4.5)for 30min. and dissolved inorganic ions(Ca & P) were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer and U-V spectrophotometer. The results obtained were as follows; Two times and four times application groups of APF, SnF_2 and NaF were superior to control group(F=9.0325, p<0.01) in inhibitory effect of dissolving calcium ions, but four times application groups had no statistically significant difference(F=1.8700, p>0.05). The inhibitory effect of dissolving phosphrus appeared more effective in APF, SnF_2 and NaF groups than control group, but had no statistically significant difference both two and four times topical fluoride application group(p>0.05). In comparing of calcium dissolution, fluoride application groups were more effective than nonfluoride group. It was significantly different in two times application groups (p<0.01), but had no significantly difference in four times application groups (p>0.05). The same result was obtained in the inhibitory effect of the phosphrus dissolution.

대규모 주택단지내의 인공구조물에 의한 숭온화효과에 관한 연구

김해동,이송옥,구현숙 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.7

In mid-August 2002, under clear summer pressure patterns, we carried out an intensive meteorological observation to examine the warming effects due to artificial constructions in a large housing complex. We set an automatic weather system(AWS) at two places in a bare soil surface within a limited development district and an asphalt surface within a large apartment residence area, respectively. As a result of observation, it became clear that the difference of the surface air(ground) temperature between the bare soil surface and its peripheral asphalt area reached about 4℃(13℃) at the maximum from diurnal variation of surface temperatures on AWS data. Through the heat balance analysis using measurement data, it became clear that the thermal conditions at two places are dependent on the properties of surface material. The latent heat flux over the bare soil surface reached to about 300 W/m², which is more than a half of net radiation during the daytime. On the other hand, it was nearly zero over the asphalt surface. Hence, the sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface was far more than that of the bare soil surface. The sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface showed about 20~30 W/m² during the night. It was released from asphalt surface which have far more heat capacity than that of bare soil surface.