역사종말 테제의 역사교육적 의미

송상헌 한국역사교육학회 2015 역사교육연구 Vol.- No.22

The end of history thesis proposed by F. Fukuyama means teleological point of view about history with a faith assumed the end of history. That is a kind of grand narrative that regards a history as a process approaching to the end of history. He stated that ‘what we may be witnessing is not just the end of Cold War, but the end of history as such.’ And he anticipated the end point of mankind’s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of government. The reason why we have to notice the end of history thesis in history teaching is that is a teleological historical perspective and accounts human nature to be important. The human nature he thinks noticeable is ‘a desire for recognition’ or ‘struggle for recognition’. He regards a history as a result of human activity for gratifying a desire for recognition. The end of history thesis as a teleological historical perspective in history teaching has two sides of positive and negative aspects. If we try to teach the contents of thesis, it is difficult to escape from criticism. But it has advantage of epistemological frame of reference in teaching of history or philosophy of history. The end of history thesis has a significance as material sources showed historical understanding, practical historical consciousness. This thesis is worth in history teaching in the way that it gives a chance to teach a history as a humanities and speculation or insight in a philosophy of history. 후쿠야마가 제기한 역사종말 테제란 역사의 종말을 상정하고 종말에 비추어 역사를 서술하는역사관을 일컫는다. 역사종말 테제는 거대서사의 일종으로 역사를 종말을 향해 나아가는 과정으로 보는 전형적인 목적론적 역사관이다. 그는 역사종말 테제를 통해 역사는 자유민주주의 정치체제와 자본주의 시장경제에 와서 정점을 이루었고, 역사는 종말을 고했다고 선언하였다. 그리하여 앞으로 세계는 자유민주주의 체제와 자본주의로 귀결될 것으로 예상하였다. 역사교육에서 이러한 역사종말 테제에 주목해야 하는 이유는 그것이 목적론적 역사관이면서 동시에 역사 서술에서 인간의 본성을 중시하고 있다는 점 때문이다. 후쿠야마가 주목한 인간 본성은 헤겔이 주장한‘인정 욕구’인데, 역사는 다름아닌 ‘인정 욕구’를 만족시키기 위한 ‘인정을 위한 투쟁’이라는 인간행위의 결과로 해석된다. 역사교육에서 목적론적 역사관으로서의 역사종말 테제는 양면적인 성격을 갖는다. 그 내용을그대로 가르칠 경우에는 이데올로기 교육이라는 비판을 면키 어렵다. 하지만 인식의 틀로 활용하면 활용 가능성이 넓고, 나아가 지금까지 역사교육에서 금기로 여긴 역사철학 교육의 가능성도안내하는 장점이 있다. 역사 인식 교육으로서의 역사교육이라는 입장에서 역사종말 테제는 실천적 역사의식의 함양이나 역사 인식의 사례를 보여주는 학습 자료로 가치가 있다. 특히 목적론적역사 서술이나 인간 본성을 통한 역사 서술은 철학, 문학, 사상, 인물, 종교와 문화를 아우르게 된다는 점에서, 인문학 교육으로서의 역사교육의 면모를 확인해 주며, 역사철학적인 사변이나 통찰을 교육할 수 있는 계기를 준다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

A multilingual grammar model of honorification: using the HPSG and MRS formalism

송상헌 한국언어정보학회 2016 언어와 정보 Vol.20 No.1

Honorific forms express the speaker’s social attitude to others and also indicate the social ranks and level of intimacy of the participants in the discourse. In a cross-linguistic perspective of grammar engineering, modelling honorification has been regarded as a key strategy for improving language processing applications. Using the HPSG and MRS formalism, this article provides a multilingual grammar model of honorification. The present study incorporates the honorific information into the Meaning Representation System (MRS) via Individual Constraints (ICONS), and then conducts an evaluation to see if the model contributes to semantics-based language processing.

코로나 바이러스 사태에 대한 전산언어학적 분석과 구현

송상헌 담화·인지언어학회 2021 담화·인지언어학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.4

Acceptability Judgments of Double Case-Marking Constructions in Korean

송상헌,정덕호,오은정 한국언어정보학회 2017 언어와 정보 Vol.21 No.2

With formal experimentation receiving more attention as a means of enhancing reliability of syntactic argumentation within the field of experimental syntax, a few studies have begun to employ such a formal method in order to rigorously test the acceptability of double (or multiple) case-marking constructions. The present study shares this similarity with those previous studies; it also probes into double case-marking constructions in Korean via a formal experimentation (i.e., an acceptability judgment testing). Yet, this study is distinct from such studies to the extent that it substantially increases the empirical basis of the research on this topic on the following grounds. First, it used a sufficiently large sample size (193 participants). Second, it utilized a simple but efficient experimental task, viz. the binary Yes/No task. This task is ideal in that it best fits the assumption that human language works in a dichotomous way. Third, assuming that the double case-marking constructions are heterogeneous in nature, consisting of different sub-constructions whose syntactic operations are different, the present study investigated how different such sub-constructions are in acceptability judgments. Fourth, it compared acceptability judgments of the double case-marking constructions with those of the alternative forms with different markers or constructions being used. Such a comparison was made in a two-pronged direction, viz. within-type and between-type comparisons. More specifically, it was made in terms of the response time for each stimulus sentence as well as the proportion of the response (either ‘0’ representing ‘unacceptable’ or ‘1’ representing ‘acceptable’).

동맥경직도 진행의 관련 인자 연구 : Which Variables are Associated with the Progression of Arterial Stiffness?

송상헌 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2014 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.36

Clinical benefits of retrograde bladder filling method prior to catheter removal after TURP for BPH: A prospective randomized trial

송상헌,김진혁(Kim Jin Hyuck),김정권,오종진,이상철,정성진,변석수,홍성규,이학민 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate possible benefits and clinical feasibility of retrograde bladder filling method prior to intra-vesical catheter removal after transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: Male patients undergoing TURP for BPH from January 2019 to October 2019 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into either retrograde filling (RF) or spontaneous voiding (SV) methods at a single institution to determine safety and efficacy of RF (NCT04309032), with surgeons blinded to allocation. Perioperative outcomes including postoperative complications were compared between two groups. Clinician/patients’ satisfaction level which was evaluated with postoperative questionnaires were also compared. Results: A total of 56 patients were randomized into two groups and 56 were included in final analysis (28 men in RF group, 26 in SV group). No significant differences in baseline characteristics including age, prostate volume, or perioperative uroflowmetry were observed. However, RF significantly facilitated time to void (67.0±63.2 vs. 144.0±78.7 min; p<0.001) and time to discharge (168.4±57.2 vs. 218.9±106.9 min; p=0.046). Immediate postoperative complications were comparable in both methods with no significant difference. Overall patient and medical staff satisfaction showed tolerable and similar response by either procedure. Conclusions: RF method for intra-vesical catheter removal is a safe and satisfactory method that can facilitate early voiding detection and shorten the time to discharge. Further trials are required to further validate our results.

HPSG 기반 한국어 문생성과 STYLE 자질

송상헌 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2009 언어연구 Vol.26 No.3

HPSG (Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar), a typical unification-based grammar, has proved itself to be a solid foundation for computational implementation, in terms of both parsing and generation. In particular, generation holds a significant position in recent grammar engineering using HPSG. This paper aims to try to generate Korean sentences on the basis of the Korean Resource Grammar (KRG), which is a computational grammar constructed for last several years within the HPSG framework using LKB (Linguistic Knowledge Builder). This paper, to begin with, gives an overall explanation of natural language generation, and then takes two major stages of generation into account; surface realizer and discourse planner. Building upon the fundamentals, this paper proposes how to generate Korean sentences from logical forms (Minimal Recursion Semantics, MRS), and how to choose the results in accordance with stylish properties (STYLE). The whole process has been implemented into computational systems as well, in order to check out its feasibility. The parsing module that this research employs is the PET parser, and the generation module is the LKB system. (Univ. of Washington)

EMV 기반의 전자지불 PKI와 효율적인 IC 카드 인증메커니즘

송상헌,최석진,류재철 한국정보처리학회 2004 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.11 No.7

Recently “Banking IC Card Standard” and EMV Standard by the domestic standard is selected, and it is situation that is developing infrastructure vigorously to alternate Magnetic Stripe card by IC card. This paper analyzes EMV standard that is selecting public key cipher, and research wishes to study unexhausted EMV PKI relatively than internet PKI, WAP PKI etc.. This paper propose utilizable EMV base Payment PKI model in IC card base payment system development, and developed EMV CA system with this. Also, this paper supplemented IC card Authentication mechanism that is defined in EMV standard, and propose “Efficient smart card Authentication mechanism” to improve performance of this mechanism, and estimate performance. 최근 자기띠 방식의 금융카드를 IC 카드로 대체하기 위해 현금카드를 위한 금융IC카드표준 규격, 신용카드를 위한 EMV 규격 등이 채택되어 관련 인프라 구축이 활발하게 전개되고 있는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 공개키 암호를 채택하고 있는 EMV 규격을 분석함으로써 인터넷 PKI, WAP PKI 등에 비해 상대적으로 연구가 미진한 EMV 기반 Payment PKI에 대한 연구를 하고자 한다. 이와 함께 IC 카드 기반 전자결제시스템 개발에 활용할 수 있는 EMV 기반 Payment PKI 모델을 제안하고, EMV CA 시스템을 개발하였다. 또한 이를 활용하여 EMV 규격에 정의된 IC 카드 인증메커니즘을 보완하여 IC 카드 메모리 낭비 감소, 거래 처리 시간 단축, 효율적인 운영환경 및 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 “효율적인 IC 카드 인증메커니즘” 제안하고, 성능평가를 하였다.

On Subjunctives in Korean: Exploiting a Bilingual Corpus

송상헌 한국언어정보학회 2014 언어와 정보 Vol.18 No.1

This paper provides a corpus study on subjunctives in Korean in a way of comparative semantics. The whole arguments of this paper are bolstered by distributional evidence taken from naturally occurring bitexts (i.e. a bilingual corpus), in which one sentence in a language is aligned with one translation in the other language. Since previous studies regard past tense morphology as the main component to express irrealis and uncertainty, this paper accordingly checks out whether the past tense morpheme ess in Korean is also responsible for conveying the meaning of subjunctives. My finding is that the past tense morpheme ess is a sufficient condition for forming subjunctives in Korean. The current corpus study verifies that the past tense morpheme is not obligatorily used in present conditional counterfactuals in Korean, unlike English. Yet, if \ess\ is used and the antecedent denotes a present situation, the conditional sentence can only be interpreted as conveying counterfactuality. On the other hand, wish constructions in Korean, irrespective of the semantic tense, often contain the past tense morpheme. Hence, this work substantiates Iatridou (2000)'s theory of `fake past tense' is applicable to Korean subjunctives. The present corpus study, additionally, reveals that a conditional marker telamyen is a component of expressing past counterfactuals in Korean.

Information Structure of Relative Clauses in English: a Flexible and Computationally Tractable Model

송상헌 한국언어정보학회 2014 언어와 정보 Vol.18 No.2

Relativization is one of the common syntactic operations to merge two different clauses into a single information unit. This operation plays a pivotal role to structuralize multiple clauses cohesively as well as serves to specify the property an individual has within the context. That implies that relativization contributes to information structure of multiclausal sentences. In this context, this paper delves into information structure of relative clauses in English with an eye toward creation of a computational model from a standpoint of machine translation. The current work employs Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG, Pollard and Sag (1994)) as a theory of grammar and Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS, Copestake et al. (2005) as a meaning representation system. Building upon these formalisms, this paper addresses how information structure of relative clauses can be represented and constrained. The current work makes use of Individual CONStraints (ICONS) for modeling relative clauses with respect to information structure. The current work also investigates which relative clause involves which information structure constraint. The present study argues that non-restrictive relative clauses impose a more specific constraint on information structure than restrictive relative clauses.