서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

각종 난치성 혈액 질환에서의 비혈연간 골수이식

김동욱,한훈,김정아,김희제,민창기,엄현석,최정현,이종욱,한치화,홍영선,최일봉,신완식,민우성,김학기,김춘추,김원일,김동집 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1997 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.2 No.1

목적: 비혈연간 골수이식은 혈연내에 적절한 골수공여자가 없는 만성골수성백혈병, 고위험군의 급성별혁병, 면역억제치료에 실패한 재생불량성빈혈 및 각종 난치성 조혈모세포질환의 완치를 위한 표준적인 치료방법으로 정착되고 있다. 혈연간 표준적인 동종 이식에 비하여 비혈연간 이식시에는 생착부전, 이식편대숙주반응과 감염이 더 빈번하게 발생하며, 국내에서는 아직까지 체계적인 임상연구결과가 보고된 바 없었다. 이에 본 센터에서는 1995년 10월 이후로 약 20개월간 26예의 비혈연간 골수이식을 시행하였으며 3개월 이상의 추적관찰이 가능하여 이식초기 합병증의 관찰 및 분석이 가능하였던 20예의 환자를 대상으로 이식성적 및 문제점을 보고함으로써 새롭게 확대되고 있는 이 분야의 임상연구 및 진료의 활성화를 꾀하고자 한다. 방법: 각종 혈액 종양질환으로 비혈연간 이식을 시행한 총 26예의 환자중 3개월이상의 추적관찰이 가능하였던 20예를 대상으로 후향적으로 임상경과를 분석한 후 생존 분석을 시행하였고, 환자의 연령, 성별, 질병의 상태, 조식 적합 항원의 일치정도, 이식편대 숙주 반응의 유무와 생존기간과의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 또한 표준위험군과 고위험군으로 나누어 생존율을 비교하였고 이식과 관계된 생착 부전, 이식편대숙주반응, 감염의 발생과 양상 그리고 그 합병증을 관찰하였다. 결과: 1. 환자와 공여자간에 HLA 불일치가 20예 중 4예에서 있었으며, 생착여부의 확인이 가능했던 17예 중 16예에서 생착이 확인되어 94.1%의 생착율을 보였다. 2. 급성이식편대숙주반응은 62.5%(10/16예)에서 발생하였으며 111도 이상의 급성의 이식편대숙주 반응은 25%(4/16예)에서 발생하였다. 만성이식편대숙주반응은 40%(2/5예)의 환자에서 발생하였으며 이들 모두 국소형으로 중증의 진행형 만성이식편대숙주반응이 관찰된 환자는 없었다. 3. 호흡기 합병증은 10예(50%)에서 발생하였으며 감염성 폐렴을 포함한 호흡기 합병증이 가장 흔한 일차적인 사망 원인이었다. 호흡기 합병증이 발생했던 10예중 6예가 감염에 의한 폐렴이 의심되었고 나머지 4예는 특발성 간질성 폐렴이었다. 4. 8.5개월의 중앙추적기간 중 35%의 생존율을 관찰할 수 있었고, 생존기간은0.5개월에서 15개월 (중앙치:4개월)이었다. 한편 고위험군은 25%(3/12예), 표준위험군은 50%(4/8)의 생존율을 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 가장 흔한 사망 원인은 감염성 폐렴을 포함한 호흡기 합병증(6예)이었고, 이외의 사망 원인으로는 급성 이식편대숙주반응과 다장기부전이 각각 2예, 생착 부전, 간정맥 폐쇄, 그리고 재발이 각각 1예였다. Unrelated bone marrow transplantation(UBMT) has been increasingly recognized as the standard treatment for cure of chronic myelogenous leukemia, high risk acute leukemia, aplastic failed on immunotherapy, and the variety of refractory hematologic diseases in patients lacking a related donor. However, as compared to HLA identical sibing transplantation, UBMT carries higher incidence of graft failure, graft versus host disease(GVHD), and infection. In our center, 26 patients underwent UMBT between October 1995 and June 1997. The minimum follow-up of 3 months was possible in 20 patients, for whom early complications and clinical outcomes were assessed. The median age of the 20 patients was 24 years. 8 patients had standard risk disease and 12 patients had high risk disease. All patients received various preparative regimens including total body irradiation according to disease and disease status. 19 patients received CsA + short course MTX for GVHD prophylaxis. One patient received marrow that was depleted of T cells ex vivo using avidinbiotin column. The class I loci were typed by serological methods and HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1. 3 additional pairs were one minor mismatched at the HLA-B locus. Another one patients was one major mismatched at the DRBI alleles. 17 patients were evaluable for engraftment. Successful enfraftment was confirmed in 16 patients(94.1%). Only one patient who was performed one major DRBI mismatched transplants experienced graft rejection. 16 patients were evaluable for acute GVHD. The overall incidence of acute GVHD developed in 4 patients(25%). Five patients were evaluable for the development of Ⅳ acute GVHD developed in 4 patients (25%). Five patients were evaluanle for the development of chronic GVHD. 2 patients(40%) developed limited chronic GVHD. Respiratory complications including pulmonary infection developed in 10 patients(50%) and these complications were the most common primary cause of death. Of these 10patients, 6 had pneumonia due to fungus(4 patients), pacterial (1 patient), and CMV infection (1 patient) and 4(20%) had idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis and/or adult respiratory distress syndrome. The duration of median follow- up was 8.5 months and 7 of 20 patients(35%) are alive at the time of this analysis with survival duration of 0.5 to 15 months(median survival duration: 4 months). The overall survival was 25% (3/12 patients) in high risk group and 50%(4/8 patients) in standard group. From these results, we can predict that the incidence and severity of GVHD in Korea are lesser than multiracial countries and the long-term survival of patients with standard risk disease can approach that of HLA matched sibling transplants. For the past two years, the performance of UBMT has been rapidly increasing and it will be possible to analyze much larger number of patients soon in Korea. In the future the problems of graft failure, GVHD, and infection due to long lasting immunocompromised status will need to be overcome by continued medical research. In addition, the volunteer donor pool will have to be expanded by the promotion of the national awareness of its need.

경련성 환아 부모들의 인식에 대한 연구

이경화(Kyoung Hwa Lee),서은숙(Eun Sook Suh),김영창(Yong Chang Kim),김창휘(Chang Hwi Kim),이동환(Dong Whan Lee) 대한소아신경학회 1996 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Convulsive disorder is the most part of the pediatric neurologic disease. As far as the treatment of convulsive disorder concerned, we must consider familys' understanding, and the close cooperation between the epileptic child, parents, and doctors. We compared to Kim's report in 1985, to study the change of parents of epileptic children thinking. A prospective study was undertaken the analysis of 100 epileptic children parents visited to the pediatric dept, of Soonchunhyang university hospital from May to July, 1995. Psychological assessment, questionnaires which contains 17 items were given them, and these items were compared to Kims report in 1985 The results were as follows: 1) Parents of epileptic children answered convulsive disorder has influenced to children growth and development( 60.8% in 1985, 65.0% in 1995 ). 2) For asking the causes of children disease, 40.5% of them in 1985 and 50.0% of them in 1995 answered to uncertain, but only 7.8% of them in 1985 and 7.0% of them in 1995 answered to relation with familial inheritance. 3) The feelings at time of the diagnosis were gloomy or uncomfortable: 52.3% in 1985, 38.0% in 1995 and shameful 28.1% in 1985, 9.0% 1995. parents had belived in the epilepsy was treatable disease: 41.0% in 1995. 4) According to the this survey, patients explained reasons why their children take the medication increased from 23.5% in 1985 to 65.0% in 1995. 5) Only family, knew that their children had the convulsive disorder about 50.3% in 1995 and 22.0% in 1995. Family, patients and other people except family knew that their children had the convulsive disorder about 6.5% in 1985 and 43.0% in 1995. 6) The parents opinion and expectation toward the medical doctors were that they wanted to get full explanation for the disease 81.0% in 1985 and 35.1% in 1995, and others were explantation about toxicity and side effects of the medication and advises for the childrens life and activities.

문학교육과 객관식 평가의 문제

김동환 국어교육학회 2004 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

문학교육에서 객관식 문제를 통해 평가를 수행한다는 것은 매우 어려운 일에 속한다. 그러나 현실적인 필요성은 여전히 존재한다. 그렇다면 이 평가 방식이 내포하고 있는 문제점들을 해결하여 보완해 나가는 일이 보다 생산적이라 판단된다. 이상적인 방향과는 거리가 멀지만 불가피한 것으로 치부되고 있는, 입시 제도를 통해 학습자 개인에게 가장 구체적인 영향력을 행사하고 있는 현행 객관식 평가는 그 구체적인 영향력만으로도 교육적 탐색의 대상이 되기에 충분하다고 본다. 그럼에도 객관식 평가에 대한 본격적인 논의는 찾아보기 어렵다. 그런 의미에서 본고는 수학능력시험의 문학 문항을 한 예로 들어 몇가지 문제를 검토해 보았다. 수학능력시험의 문항들은 비록 완성된 형태로 제시되기는 하지만 평가 문항의 완벽성이란 기대하기 어려운 요소라 판단된다. 오히려 완벽성을 추구하기 보다는 다양한 접근 통로를 개발하고 주관식과 같은 다른 평가 방식의 장점을 반영할 수 있는 여지를 발전시켜 나가는 일이 필요할 것이다. 수능을 중심으로 한 객관식 문항들에 대한 다양한 문제 제기들을 문항의 타당성과 적절성, 작품 해석의 문제, 배경 지식의 작용 여부의 세가지로 나누어 살펴보았다. 탐색의 결과 가능한 정보를 모두 공개하여 그것을 바탕으로 한 공적인 논의가 있어야 하며, 평가 문항의 신뢰성과 예측가능성을 확보할 수 있는 논리적인 근거 마련이 무엇보다도 시급하며, 문학연구와 문학교육이 밀접한 연관성을 지니는 상호보완적인 관계를 형성해야 하고, 객관식 시험들이 포괄해야 지식이나 사고의 범주를 제시하는 방식이 필요하다는 의견을 개진하였다. 객관식 평가에 관련된 이의들은 어떤 맥락에서 제기되는 것이며 그러만 이의제기를 가능하게 하는 요인들을 어떤 방식으로 해결해 나갈 것인가에 대한 논의는 문학교육론이 생산적이고 실천적인 방향으로 나아가는데 한 길잡이가 될 것이라 생각한다. This essay deals with the matter of evaluation method in a process of literary education. In this essay, the focus is on the objective evaluation method among the many types of evaluation method. The national curriculum for literary education recommends subjective evaluation method that is able to evaluate originality, pertinentness, truth. But in the reality of our education system, the objective evaluation method is dominantly influential method. The most influential evaluation method, the national scholastic achievement examination for the college entrance, evaluates the thinking ability. But many objections are raised on against the literary problem derived from the basic limitation of the objective evaluation method for literary education. The issues are concerned with the validity and pertinentness of problems, the openness of literary interpretation, the use of previous knowledge. To solve the problems, the deep and joint researches in evaluation method are needed. For the successful researches, the public offering of accurate information about the national scholastic achievement examination for the college entrance. Through the researches, the foundation of problems with the faith and the possibility of prediction is prepared.

확률ㆍ통계영역을 중심으로 한 고교 수학 Ⅰ 교과서의 비교

김철환,박동준 釜慶大學校 1999 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

This paper considers the contents of current mathematics I textbooks in high schools. The contents of the textbooks are reviewed with related to education objects. In particular, probability and atatistics chapters re examined based on the definition and explanation for curriculum proposed by The Education Ministry. The textbooks analyzed are the current five mathematics I textbooks of high schools under the sixth educational procedures. The chapters of textbooks are specifically analyzed with respect to array, order, organization, development, terminalogy, symbol, historical mathematician, assignment of problems and chapter summary focused on probability and statistics chapters.

OK-432(Picibanilⓡ)와 외과적 절제술을 이용한 선천성 림프관종의 치험례

김일규,이성호,오성섭,최진호,오남식,김왕식,임영일,양동환 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.3

Lymphangiomas are relatively rare benign tumors of the lymphatic system, characterized by congenital lymphatic malformation such as anastomosis or obstuction of the lymphatic channels. There are most frequently diagnosed in children younger than 3years. In contrast to that of the hemangioma, the sex distribution of the lymphangioma is nearly evenly divided. The head and neck lymphangioma represents about 70∼75% of all lymphangiomas, and they are difficult to manage. Spontaneous regression is rare, and rapid intermittent enlargement occurs secondary to infection or trauma. Enlargement may cause serious sequelae such as airway obstruction, feeding difficulties, and cosmetic problems. Treatments previously used for lymphangiomas include surgical excision and intralesional injection of sclerosants. Problems associated with surgical excision include the risk of cosmetically unacceptable scarring and the risk of damage to surrounding vital stricture and the high risk of incomplete excision. The sclerosants previously used have numerous other local and systemic side effects. This report describes a case that was successfully treated using OK-432 as a new sclerosant drug and secondary surgical excision for congential cavenous lymphangioma extensively enlarged to tongue, mouth floor and submandibular region.

생쥐 鼻中隔 各種 粘膜上皮 및 粘膜下腺의 分布樣狀과 그 表面積에 관한 硏究

金東煥,金武剛,申台均,金弘善,柳時潤,李永浩 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.1

In order to set the distribution pattern and surface area of the mucosal epithelium and submucosal gland in the mice nasal septum. 3-month-old healthy 6 mice weighing 25gm approximately have been contributed for this research. For the mapping of the each nasal epithelium and submucosal gland in the submicroscopic level, the routine paraffin block of the mice nasal septum were cut as the 10㎛ thick at 110㎛ intervals. Consecutive 2 slides were stained with H-E and PAS and reconstructed in form of maps representing the structure in a sagittal plane. The results obtained from this research were summarized as follows. 1. The unilateral nasal surface epithelial area of the mice nasal cavity was 31.23㎟ 2. The areas of the stratified squamous epithelium, respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium which compose the unilateral nasal epithelium were 4.47㎟(14.3%), 12.7㎟(40.8%), and 14.02㎟(44.9%), respectively. 3. Submucosal glands in the mice nasal septum were divided into the PAS-positive, PAS-negative and Bowman's glands by the PAS staining. 4. The surface area of the PAS-positive glands in the nasal unilateral septum was 5.23㎟ which is located in the central area of the respiratory portion. 5. The surface area of the PAS-negative glands in the nasal unilateral septum was 5.05㎟ which is located above and below the PAS-positive gland. 6. The surface area of the Bowman's glands was 12.1 ㎟ which was located in the olfactory region. 7. In the vestibular region., 3 ducts of PAS-negative glands of the respiratory region are found, and below the nasal septum there is the infraseptal gland(PAS-negative).

민속놀이의 활성화 방안 연구

김부환,정삼현,김순금,신동철 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 2003 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.21 No.-

As an effort to revive our folk tradition, I am suggesting that our folk plays, especially those with a competitive nature, be turned into a sporting event which youths can enjoy, and which can be taught in every school. This will enable our students to gain a better understanding of our traditions and come to value and love them. Above all, an organization should be created that will play a central role in implementing this agenda. Second, this organization should lead in turning various folk plays into sporting events. Third, those events should be exciting competitions that will gain peoples attention. Fourth, to promote the spread of folk plays, they should be included in school curricula and trained physical educators should help spread these competitions in the schools. In addition, these events should be actively publicized through the press and other mass media. Lastly, this organization ought to take the lead in seeking assistance from the Office of Education to hold a variety of these sporting events. If these projects are carried out successfully, we will have a future in which folk plays are always with us in everyday life.

白鼠의 카드뮴中毒時 마늘, Dimercaptosuccinic acid 및 N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine 投與가 카드뮴排泄에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

金炳斗,宋東彬,車喆煥 고려대학교 의과대학 1987 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.24 No.1

It has been revealed from several studies that garlic is highly effective on protection of cadmium or mercury poisoning as much as well-known chelating agents of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) and N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (APEN). This study was conducted to find out the effect of garlic on excretion of cadmium as an effort to reveal the mechanism of the protective effect and compare it with the effects of DMSA and APEN. The cadmium was administered via intraperitoneal route for 3 days. The experimental agents of Garlic, DMSA and APEN were dosed via oral route and the agents had been administered from the day before the injection of cadmium for 12 days in the first step and then they had been administered for 7 days from two days after completing 3 days injection of cadmium. Feces and urine of experimental rats were collected separately at every 24 hours using metabolic cages, and the cadmium concentration in the material was measured by the atomic absoption spectrophotometry. The results of the study were as follows; 1. When the experimental agents were administered from the day before the injection of cadmium, the excretion of cadmium via feces was excellent for 10 days but that via urine was poor in the garlic treated group comparing with that of DMSA or APEN treated group. It suggests that the garlic enhance the excretion of cadmium via feces more than urine. 2. When the experimental agents administered from 2 days after the 3 days injection of cadmium, the excretion of cadmium via feces and urine was not so good as expected in the garlic, DMSA or APEN treated group comparing with the result of the group treated with cadmium alone. Though the differences of cadmium excretion amount were not remarkable, the excretion amount was high in the APEN treated group, the DMSA treated group and the garlic treated group in order. The excretion amount was much higher in feces than urine. It suggests that the garlic hardly facilitate the cadmium excretion if the garlic was administered after the poisoning happened.

TRIO for PIANO VIOLIN and CELLO

김동환 중앙대학교 중앙음악연구소 1990 중앙음악연구 Vol.1 No.-