한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

How We Have Treated Severe to Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea

Park Do Hyeon,Kang Chang Kyung,Choe Pyoeng Gyun,Kim Nam Joong,Park Wan Beom,Oh Myoung-don 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.49

Since 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic currently continues. In response to this unprecedented pandemic, several researchers and medical staff have struggled to find appropriate treatments for COVID-19. Patients with mild symptoms can recuperate with symptomatic care, however establishing treatment for severe to critically ill patients who can have a high mortality has been essential. Accordingly, the guidelines for COVID-19 treatment have evolved through numerous trials and errors and have been relatively well established to date. In the Republic of Korea, several evidence-based guidelines for COVID-19 treatment were released and revised, reflecting various research and regional medical conditions. To date, approximately 3 years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are reflecting on the changes in the guidelines thus far and have summarized the treatment experience of severe to critically ill patients with COVID-19. The Korean guidelines for COVID-19 treatment have been updated continuously as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines have changed. Dexamethasone is currently used as the backbone for the treatment of severe to critically ill patients with COVID-19, and remdesivir, baricitinib, and tocilizumab can be added depending on a patient’s situation. In addition, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is one of the important adjunctive therapies for patients with severe COVID-19. In the clinical field, treatment of severely ill patients with COVID-19 based on guidelines is widely practiced by medical staff and established currently.

영화 ‘코치, 카터’의 교육적 함의

박대권(Park Dae-Gwon),박창범(Park Chang-Beom) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 영화 ‘코치, 카터’를 지도자의 지도관을 중심으로 분석해 봄으로써 상급학교 진학과 성적 지상주의에 물들어 있는 우리나라 학교 운동경기부의 모습을 재조명해보고 바람직한 지도자의 모습을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이 영화에서 그려지는 카터 코치의 지도관은 크게 세 가지로 나눌 수 있었다. 먼저 운동선수이기 이전에 학생으로서 선수들을 지도하고 교육하는 것이었다. 카터 코치는 학생들이 농구를 통해 자기 향상을 위한 하나의 토대를 마련하고자 노력했다. 단지 승리를 위해 훈련만을 강요하거나 농구란 운동에 모든 것을 투자하는 것을 경계하면서 선수들이 자신의 삶을 가꾸고 발전시키는데 농구를 ‘활용’하도록 끊임없이 학생들을 독려했다. 이러한 과정에서 학교와 학부모, 심지어 학생들에게도 반발을 사게 되었지만 그의 소신은 모든 것을 변화시켰다. 다음으로 카터는 엄격한 규율과 예절을 지도하면서 학생들이 스스로 책임감을 가지도록 하였다. 많은 문제들을 지니고 있는 학생들에게 규칙과 계약을 엄격히 적용함으로써 결과적으로 학생들이 책임 있는 행동을 하고, 동료들과 원만한 관계를 유지하며, 학교라는 작은 사회를 소중히 여기고 사랑하도록 하였다. 또한 학생들이 진실로 책임감 있는 한 개체로 성장하기 위해서는 그들이 책임질 줄 아는 방법을 배우도록 해야 한다는 지도관을 지니고 있었다. 마지막으로 카터는 학생들이 스스로 목표의식을 가지고 삶을 책임지고 선택하도록 하였다. 카터 코치는 학생들에게 끊임없이 꿈을 가지라고 격려하였다. 물론 그 꿈이란 것은 영화에서 분명히 드러나지 않지만 대학진학이라는 현실적인 목표를 통해 학생들이 자신의 삶을 가꾸어나가는 방법을 찾도록 격려하고 있었다. 우리나라에서는 잊을 만하면 지도자들의 선수구타, 성추행, 금품수수와 같은 문제들이 언론을 통해 보도된다. 물론 우리나라에도 일선 학교 현장에서 묵묵히 제자들의 성장과 발전을 위해 노력하는 ‘코치, 카터’와 같은 지도자들이 무수히 많을 것이다. 하지만 이 영화가 스포츠 지도자들뿐만 아니라 체육교사들에게 던지는 의미는 체육이 가지는 무한한 교육적 가치가 아닌가 한다. 단지 기능만을 전수하는 것이 아니라 학생들의 전인적 성장을 위해 체육이 기여할 수 있는 많은 가능성이 존재하며 이를 가능하게 하는 것은 바로 지도자, 교사들의 몫이 아닌가 한다. The purpose of this study was to seek for a coaches's desirable figure through analysing the "Coach, Carter" from a educational point of view. To collect the data of "Coach, Carter", I bought the DVD having the Korean-explanatory title and watched it three times by playing on computer movie player. The movie analyses can be divided with the words, the character and the scene analysis, but the words analysis was used in this study. "Coach, Carter" described the process that the coach charged Richmond High School Basketball Team get the student-athlete's life changed. Carter had the firm faith that student-athletes are student before athlete. And he trained student-athletes with a strict rules and manners, but hold them with love. He always implanted them a sense of aim and proposed a vision of life. like this, he educated student-athletes to have the responsibility for their lives and to decide something by themselves.

한,중 FTA와 광양항 경유 대중국 수출상품의 비교우위

박홍균 ( Hong Gyun Park ),김창범 ( Chang Beom Kim ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2014 해운물류연구 Vol.30 No.2

본 논문은 무역특화지수, 산업내무역지수, 경쟁형태, 무역수지기여도를 이용하여 광양항을 경유한 대중국 수출상품의 경쟁형태와 비교우위를 분석하였다. 수출경쟁력 분석결과, 품질경쟁력을 유지하거나 SQC(품질경쟁력 확보)로 전환된 품목이 증가하였으며, 산업내무역의 형태는 품질은 유사하지만 제품의 속성이 차이가 나는 수평적 산업내무역의 형태가 대부분을 차지하였다. 또한 무역수지 기여도는 대다수의 품목에서 2008년 대비 2012년에 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 대중국 수출경쟁력의 경우는 분석대상 8개 품목에서 4개품목이 SQC(품질경쟁력 확보)로 나타났으며, 나머지 4개품목은 SPC(가격경쟁력 확보)로 분석되었으며, 광양항 전체 분석 결과와 동일하게 수평적 산업내무역 형태가 절대적이었다. 그리고 가장 큰 무역수지 흑자 기여도를 보인 품목은 크릴로니트릴-부타디엔-스티렌 공중합체이며, 가장 큰 무역수지 적자 기여도를 보인 품목은 두께가 4.75mm 이상 10mm 이하인 평판압연제품으로 나타났다. Korea’s exports to China were increasing in great volume around Gwangyang portare, but the circumstance has been changed. In the past, the two nations were in cooperative relationship when it comes to division of labor. However, now it has turned into competitive relationship. As China has achieved advancement of its industrial infrastructure, the country has been trying to produce intermediary products locally. Most exports from Gwangyang port are petrochemicals and exports to China takes 22% from the total ratio. Also, Korea-China FTA is about to be prepared. This agreement includes negotiation of general, sensitive and super sensitive areas. Therefore, there has been a change in competition when it comes to exports of major products via the port. Consequently, this study is conducted by analyzing statistics. Thus, the study is conducted by using TSI(trade specialization index), IITI(intra-industry trade index), competition pattern analysis, and contribution ratio to trade of balance in order to examine comparative advantage. According to the research, items that changedto SQC and maintained the competitive advantage for quality are increased. Also, majority of IITI(intra-industry trade) were horizontal intra-industry trade which shares similar quality, but different from product attribute. In addition, compare to 2008 and 2012,contribution ratio to trade of balancees calated in general. Also, this research studied comparative advantage on trade with China and 4 out of 8 items were identified as SQC(successful quality competition) and the others were recognized as SPC(successful price competition). According to the overall analyze of Gwangyang port, horizontal IITI was most common and criinonitrill butadiene styrene showed the most trade surplus record. Flat-rolled product (4.75mm above and less below 10mm) analyzed as the most trade deficit category. Consequently, exports to China in Gwangyang port has comparative advantage, but it is not very clear because this comparative advantage is a mixture of price and quality measures. Thus, in order to increase capacity-especially in case of Korea-China FTA- high value products should be developed by technical innovation.

DRG 지불제도 도입에 따른 의료보험청구 행태 변화

강길원,박형근,김창엽,김용익,하범만,Kang, Gil-Won,Park, Hyoung-Keun,Kim, Chang-Yup,Kim, Yong-Ik,Ha, Beom-Man 대한예방의학회 2000 예방의학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objectives : To evaluate the impacts of the DRG payment system on the behavior of medical insurance claimants. Specifically, we evaluated the case-mix index, the numbers of diagnosis and procedure codes utilized, and the corresponding rate of diagnosis codes before, during and after implementation of the DRG payment system. Methods : In order to evaluate the case-mix index, the number of diagnosis and procedure codes utilized, we used medical insurance claim data from all medical facilities that participated in the DRG-based Prospective Payment Demonstration Program. This medical insurance claim data consisted of both pre-demonstration program data (fee-for-service, from November, 1998 to January, 1999) and post-demonstration program data (DRG-based Prospective Payment, from February, 1999 to April, 1999). And in order to evaluate the corresponding rate of diagnosis codes utilized, we reviewed 820 medical records from 20 medical institutes that were selected by random sampling methods. Results : The case-mix index rate decreased after the DRG-based Prospective Payment Demonstration Program was introduced. The average numbers of different claim diagnosis codes used decreased (new DRGs from 2.22 to 1.24, and previous DRGs from 1.69 to 1.21), as did the average number of claim procedure codes used (new DRGs from 3.02 to 2.16, and previous DRGs from 2.97 to 2.43). With respect to the time of participation in the program, the change in number of claim procedure codes was significant, but the change in number of claim diagnosis codes was not. The corresponding rate of claim diagnosis codes increased (from 57.5% to 82.6%), as did the exclusion rate of claim diagnosis codes (from 16.5% to 25.1%). Conclusions : After the implementation of the DRG payment system, the corresponding rate of insurance claim codes and the corresponding exclusion rate of claim diagnosis codes both increased, because the inducement system for entering the codes for claim review was changed.

Propylthiouracil 투여에 의한 갑상선 기능저하 흰쥐 조직에서 알코올 탈수소효소 활성의 변화

백상현,김동선,이창범,박용수,안유헌,김태화,기춘석,강주섭 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.2

Background: Thyroid hormone has been known to affect hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Although the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism, stomach is also responsible in part for ethanol oxidation. The effects of thyroid hormone on ADH activity in gastric mucosa and other tissues of rats had not been previously examined. Method: The effects of thyroid hormone on liver, stomach, lung, and kidney ADH activities (nM of NADH/min/mg of cytosolic protein) have been investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats treated with propylthiouracil (50 mg/kg) for 14 days. Results: Whereas hepatic ADH activities were not changed by treatment with PTU(42.9(8.6 vs 45.2 (10.1), gastric ADH activities in PTU-treated rats increased by 258.8% of control rat (6.3 ( 0.6 vs 2.2 ( 1.2, p〈0.001). In the activities of other tissues, PTU treatment decreased lung ADH activity by 59.7% of control, and increased kidney ADH activities by 247.1% of control rats. Conclusion: These data suggest that hypothyroidism causes an increase of gastric alcohol metabolism, and that the increase of gastric ADH activity can partly restore the first pass metabolism of ethanol in hypothyroid rats.

재발성 다발성 연골염

박용범,이시훈,정상윤,이수곤,홍순원,김정민,이창률 대한내과학회 2001 대한내과학회지 Vol.61 No.3

韓國에 있어서 消費者保護를 위한 立法과 行政에 관한 硏究

韓相範,朴昌魯 동국대학교 한국학연구소 1977 韓國學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

골수구성 백혈병 환자에게 발생한 결핵성 림프절염

이창섭,송진수,최평균,조재현,방지환,박경화,박완범,김홍빈,김남중,윤성수,박선양,김병국,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.5

혈액질환 가운데 결핵 발생이 증가한다고 알려진 것은 호지킨 림프종을 포함한 림프증식성질환 그리고 모양세포성 백혈병 등이 있다. 또한 동종 골수이식을 받은 환자에서도 결핵은 증가한다고 알려져있다. Kaplan 등은 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 결핵 발생이 증가한다고 보고하였다. 그러나 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 결핵의 발생이 증가하는 이유에 대해서는 아직까지 정확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 저자들이 2년 동안 후향적으로 조사한 180명의 성인 골수구성 백혈병 환자들 가운데 결핵이 발생한 환자는 4명이었고, 발생 부위는 모두 림프절이었다. 결핵은 골수구성 백혈병의 특정 아형에만 국한되어 발생하지 않았지만, 50%에서 FAB 분류에 의한 M4였다. 림프절이 종대된 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 특히, 결핵의 유병율이 높은 나라에서는 결핵성 림프절염도 감별진단에 포함시켜야 한다. During the neutropenic phase, leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy are prone to bacterial and, fungal infections; occasionally mycobacterial, viral and protozoal organisms may also cause infections. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was reported very rarely in these patients. This report describes four patients with M. tuberculosis infection identified from 185 adult patients who were diagnosed myelogenous leukemia between January 2003, and December 2004. There was no patient with M. tuberculosis infection from 44 lymphoid leukemia and 11 acute biphenotypic leukemia patients. Sites of infection were all lymph nodes. Three among four patients were presented with lymphadenopathy at initial diagnosis of leukemia, and the other one presented with lymphadenopathy after induction chemotherapy. There was no patient presented with lymphadenopathy during the neutropenic phase. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was presented in a patient with three acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB class 2 M4, 1 M2) and a chronic myelogenous leukemia, accelerated phase. An acute myelogenous leukemia patient had a leukemic cell and tubercle bacilli in the same lymph node. Tuberculosis should also be included as a differential diagnosis in myelogenous leukemia patient with lymphadenopathy, especially in the countries in which the disease is endemic.

부산지역 강하먼지 중 불용성 중금속 함유량

이용범,황용식,이창희,박명희,이채관,강동묵,김정원,전병일,문덕환 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.1

■ Objectives The purpose of this study was to estimate qualitatively various bulk deposition flux of insoluble heavy metal components by applying regional and seasonal distribution. our institution from January 1980 to December 31th, 2001. ■ Materials and Methods Dustfall particles were collected by the modified American dust jar (wide inlet bottle type) at 6 sampling sites in Pusan area from March, 1999 to February, 2000. Five chemical species (Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb) were analyzed by AAS(Perkin-Elmer 4100ZL). ■ Results The mean values of each heavy metal concentrations were Cd for 3.947 g/㎢/month, Cr for 0.191 ㎏/㎢/month, Mn for 0.375 ㎏/㎢/month, Ni for 0.176 ㎏/㎢/month, and Pb for 0.823 ㎏/㎢/month. ■ Conclusions Insoluble heavy metal amount of regional variations were found in order of industrial zone, coastal zone, commercial zone, agricultural zone and residential zone.