정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

국내 골프장 수요예측 및 향후 전망에 관한 연구

정경일,양승용 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this research is to forecast the Future trend of golf & country club business in Korea. Recently, there are tendencies to overbuild golf courses all over the country and make those who concerned reel an imminent threat of market saturation experienced in Japan for the past 10 years. This study is more important than ever in order to make a feasible prediction whether government policies are in the right direction. The main results of this study were driven from the Time-Series & Regression Analysis and were shown that we need 295 golf courses as a minimum until 2010 and the appropriate number should be 336 considering the forecast demand for that year. Also, the several alternative strategies were recommended for the full-fledged booming stage of golf business in the future.

고양이 망막에서 Substance P성 신경원의 연접구조에 대한 면역세포화학적 연구

이문용,천명훈,한승호,정진웅 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.1

Aflatoxin B₁의 多量投與에 依한 白鼠肝中毒病變과 生化學的 所見과의 相關關係에 關한 實驗的 硏究

鄭孝洙,白承龍 고려대학교 의과대학 1981 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.18 No.1

Aflatoxin, a substituted lactone, is a metabolite of certain strain of Aspergillus flavus. It may induce marked hepatic damage in many species of mammals, and periportal necrosis and bile duct proliferation have been known to occor frequently in acute poisoning. The author performed blood chemistry studies to clarify the effect of aflatoxin B₁ on the liver of male albino rats weighing about 200gm. Aflatoxin B₁ dissolved with dimethyl sulfoxide was injected singly into the peritoneum, 1㎎/㎏ to 70 rats. Each experimental group was made of 5 rats; the rats were sacrificed at 1 day intervals from the first to the sixth day after injection. Blood glucose, protein, cholesrerol, bilirubin and the serum activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were determined in each rat. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The hepatic changes included acidophilic degeneration, vacuolar changes, nuclear pyknosis and focal and periportal necrosis on hematoxylin-eosin stain; these changes seemed to be dose-dependent. 2. Blood glucose levels were increased above normal levels, but statistically were not significant. 3. Serum protein revealed decrease of albumin and increase of globulin and those changes were more marked in high dose injection group. 4. Serum cholesterol and bilirubin showed no variation from normal levels. 5. The activities of the serum transaminases were increased and revealed peaks on the 3rd and 5th day after injection of 1㎎/㎏ and 6㎎/㎏ of aflatoxin B₁ respectively. 6. The activity of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase showed an increase from the first day after aflatoxin injection; high enzyme levels persisted thereafter. 7. The activities of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were increased to a moderate degree. Because of these findings, the author believes that increased servm enzyme activities are maintained even beyond the time when histologic findings have almost nearly returned to normal such that the determination of the levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase may be clinically applicable in the estimation of the degree of hepatic damage.

악성 종양을 지닌 환자의 복수에서의 염색체 분석

류승완,정기용,김대광 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.5

1997~2000년에 발생된 황사에 관한 연구

정용승,김학성,낫짜가도르지 엘,적데어 디,첸 수잰 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.7

Joint monitoring of yellow sand (YS) phenomena occurred from 1997 to 2000 was carried out. It was found that the YS in source regions occurred in any time during the year, while the severe dust storms occurred frequently from March to May after the spring thaw. Wind erosion occurred usually with wind greater than about 8 ms^-1 in the source region in any seasons. However, severe YS phenomenon found to occur with wind greater than 15 ms^-1 at least for 3 hours or more. In source regions, YS occurred over 60∼120 days per year. In Korea, YS was found to occur 8∼12 cases per year with 12-22 YS days. It was recorded that maximum concentrations of TSP were 989∼1396 ㎍ m^-3 with PM10 values of 861∼996 ㎍ m^-3 and with the lowest visibility of 1.4∼1.6km. In Mongolia, however, it was observed that the number of dusty days decreased due to the increase in rainy days.

진화 알고리듬을 위한 객체지향 모델링과 클래스 라이브러리 구현

정호연,이수연,곽재승,김용주,박기태,현철주 한국경영과학회 2000 經營 科學 Vol.17 No.2

In evolutionary algorithm, there exist various models for the evolution of the population with respect to schemes and strategies for reproduction, in the application of the algorithm to a specific problem, one model suitable to the problem is to be properly chosen and a program expert or a software is needed to help implement and test a designed algorithm. In this study, object oriented modeling and the class library for simple evolutionary algorithms(SEA) with one population is developed. The library proposed here can be used as a generalized tool for solving problems in a wide range of domains.

한우 체외수정란의 동결보존 및 핵이식에 관한 연구 : Ⅱ. 체외수저란의 동결방법이 동결.융해후 생존율에 미치는 영향 Ⅱ. Effects of Survival Rates of Frozen-Thawed Embryo Frozen Methods

정장용,박희성,홍승표,김정혁,桑潤滋,離素娟 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1999 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.12 No.-

본 연구는 수정란의 동결기법을 확립하고자 배반포기에 있는 한우 체외수정란을 이용하여 유리화 및 직접이식 동결방법으로 동결을 실시하여 동결·융해후 생존성, 동해방지제의 종류, 평형 및 할구의 손상여부 등에 대한 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유리화 동결방법중 GESD-VS와 EFS 용액을 동해방지제로 사용하였을 때 동결·융해 수정란의 생존율은 각각 69.8 및 37.3%로써 이들간에 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 있었으며, 동결기를 이용한 직접이식 동결법은 생존율이 56.0%로써 유리화 동결방법과는 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 없었다. 동결·융해후 생존한 수정란의 발달율은 GESD-VS용액을 사용하였을때가 53.4%로써 EFS용액을 사용하였을때의 24.0%보다는 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 1 및 2단계 평형시 단계별 생존율은 각각 11.7 및 23%로써 이들간에 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 없었으며, 동결·융해 수정란의 발달율도 각각 10 및 16.8%로써 평형방법간에 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 없었다. 신선수정란, 유리화 동결수정란 및 동결비를 이용한 직접이식 동결법으로 동결하였을 때 동결·융해 수정란의 할구수는 각각 98.7±2.3개, 69.1±2.6 및 84.2±2.7개로써 동결방법들간에 유의적(P<0.05)으로 할구수의 차이가 많았다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of cryoprotectants, equilibration step, number of blastomeres on survival and developmental rates of bovine in vitro fertilized blastocysts(Korean native cattle) frozen/thawed by vitrification and frozen for direct transfer(1.8M ethylene glycol). The bovine oocytes were collected from 2-5mm follicles, matured for 24hrs in 5% CO_2 incubator and then fertilized with cauda epididymis sperm. Blastocyst at day 7-9 ater IVF were frozen in vitrification and frozen for direct transfer(1.8M ethylene glycol). Survival and developmental rates of frozen-thawed IVF embryos were examined. The results were as follow ; The survival rate of IVF blastocyst after vitrification in GESD-VS, EFS and 1.8M ethylene glycol solution were 69.8, 37.3 and 56.0%, respectively(P<0.05). When equilibrated in 1 step(11.7%) was similar to the result from 2 step(23.0%), and no significantly(P<0.05) different between the equilibrated steps. The number of blastomere at blastomere at blastocyst of bovine embryos frozen/thawed in fresh, vitrification and freezing for direct transfer were 98.7±2.3, 69.1±2.6 and 84.2±2.7, respectively, and were significantly(P<0.05) different between the freezing methods.

한국에서 관측된 산성강수와 대륙적인 중국의 대기오염 이동

정용승,김학성,박기현 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.7

1990년부터 청원(KHN)의 농촌기역에서 산성강우가 관측되었다. 청원의 10년 관측과 함께 다른 6개의 배경 관측소에서도 강우가 채집 및 분석되었다. 산성비는 전 관측에서 자주 발생되었다. KHN 에서는 다른 10년의 강수량 가중평균 VWM 값이 4.67이고 산술평균 값은 5.09이다. 일반적으로, 봄 철 황사가 발생될 때 pH 값이 높았으며, 여름철에는 비교적 중성 값을 보였다. 다른 계절에는 산성 강수가 대개 기류와 관련되었으며, 중국의 중부와 남부지방에서 오는 기류와 저기압은 한반도에서 낮은 pH 값을 발생시켰다. 1996년부터 인공위성을 이용 동아시아 대기오염의 장거리 이동을 모니터링하고 있으며, 황해를 지나 한반도에 이동되는 대기오염의 장거리 이동 사례를 많이 수집하였다. 한국의 산성비는 중국의 발원지로부터 공기의 지나온 분석, 산성 안개와 박무도 논의 되었다. Acid rain at a rural site in Chongwon(KHN), central Korea has been under observation since 1990. To substantiate the 10-year observations, rain samples from six other sites were also collected and analyzed. Results show that acid rain occurred frequently at all sites, At KHN, seasonal and annual variability of pH values had a 10-year VWM value of 4.67 and an arithmetic mean value of 5.09, In general, a high value of pH occurred during springtime when the occurrence of yellow sand (dust) was prevalent in East Asia; during summer, heavy rain usually contained neutral pH values. During other seasons, the degree of acidic precipitation usually coincided with certain air flows. Most frequently, air flows and cyclones coming from south and central China often resulted in precipitation with low pH values observed in Korea. Using daily satellite observations from 1996, we have also been monitoring the large-scale transport of air pollutants over East Asia. Many samples of long-range transport of air pollutants (LRTAP) were obtained when they were crossing the Yellow Sea and moving over the Korean Peninsula. Cases of acid rain in Korea clearly correlate wth the LRTAP from source regions in China. In this study, results of air-parcel trajectory, plus acid fog and mist analysis are discussed.

구속된 비행 청소년들의 특성 및 석방 후 6개월간 재범여부와 관련된 변인

정선주,김원식,고승희,구영진,김홍창,서동혁 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1999 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.10 No.2