Herman Melville’s Historical Conception in Pierre, Or the Ambiguities :The Duplicity of American Thought and the Silenced

( Seok¸ A-young ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2011 영어권문화연구 Vol.4 No.1

The objective of this research is to analyze how Herman Melville's perception on American history and thought are expressed in his Pierre; or, the Ambiguities. As an American-made individual, Pierre’s tragedy is caused not only by a personal fault stemming from his ignorance, but also by a social cause as well, which comes from the duplicity of American thought. Based on the analysis of the Declaration of Independence as a representative document revealing the duplicity of American history and thought, I tried to examine Melville's satirical response to the duality of American thought represented by the parody of Saddle Meadows and the Glendinning family, exaggerated rhetoric of the main characters, and multiple-layered meaning of the narrative. Consequently, Pierre's irrational thought and act, which is done being blinded Transcendentalist thought and finally leads him to the tragic fate, can be read as Pierre's effort to create his own fiction throughout the narrative; this American-made individual makes his own fiction and myth, however fails. And directly related to this, Pierre's obsessive pursuit toward the absolute truth, which does not exist, also might be read as a result of fictitiousness made by him. Melville's recognition of the duplicity and ironies in American history in Pierre might be seen as his doubt and answer to the national conflict of America in the nineteenth century; also to a question of what Americanness is, which is metaphorically represented as the characteristic of Saddle Meadows and brings out an individual

Clinical Impact of Exosomal microRNA as a Novel Biomarker of Liver Fibrosis

( Young Chang ),( Jae-a Han ),( Suk Min Kang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Tom Ryu ),( Han Seul Park ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Many approaches have been suggested for the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis, including the use of serum biomarkers and ultrasound-based elastography, but none has yet replaced liver biopsy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as potential diagnostic tools for liver diseases. We investigated alterations in the expression of serum exosomal miRNAs with the progression of liver fibrosis and evaluated their clinical applicability as biomarkers. Methods: This study prospectively enrolled 71 patients who underwent liver biopsy at a large-volume academic hospital in Korea. Exosomes were extracted from serum samples, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of miRNAs was conducted in patients from different stages of liver fibrosis. Differential expression of miRNAs was quantified using targeted real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A model was derived to discriminate advanced fibrosis based on miRNA levels using multivariate logistic regression. The performance of this model was evaluated and compared using area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and De- Long’s test. Results: NGS data revealed the relationship between exosomal miR-122 expression and liver fibrosis progression. The level of miR-122 decreased as the pathologic fibrosis grade progressed from stage 0 to 4. Patients with biopsy-proven advanced fibrosis had significantly lower levels of exosomal miR-122 (P<0.001) than those without advanced fibrosis. Exosomal miR-122 exhibited a fair performance in discriminating advanced fibrosis with an AUC of 0.77, which improved to 0.86 in combination with fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and transient elastography (TE). This value was higher than that reported for any other non-invasive modalities, including TE (AUC of 0.80) or FIB-4 (AUC of 0.57) alone. In a subgroup of patients with a non-viral etiology of liver disease, the performance of exosomal miR-122 as a biomarker improved, evident from the increase in the AUC value to 0.87. In this subpopulation, the combination model of miR- 122, FIB-4, and TE showed the best discrimination ability (AUC of 0.90), which was significantly higher than that of TE alone (AUC of 0.83; DeLong’s test P=0.046). Inhibition of miR-122 expression increased the proliferation of the human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2, and upregulated the expression of collagen- 1A, a-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor-ß. Conclusions: Exosomal miR-122 may serve as a novel biomarker for discriminating advanced liver fibrosis, and its accuracy may enhanced in combination with other non-invasive tests such as FIB-4 and TE.

Inappropriate Gonadotropin Secretion in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Relationship with Clinical, Hormonal and Metabolic Characteristics

( A Ra Shim ),( Yu Im Hwang ),( Kyung Jin Lim ),( Young Mi Choi ),( Young Eun Jeon ),( Seok Kyo Seo ),( Si Hyun Cho ),( Young Sik Choi ),( Byung Seok Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2011 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.54 No.11

Objective To evaluate the clinical, hormonal and metabolic characteristics according to luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods A total of 225 women with PCOS were included in this study. They were divided into two groups according to LH/FSH ratio; group A (LH/FSH < 2, n=160) and group B (LH/FSH > 2, n=65). We compared clinical, hormonal and metabolic characteristics including age at menarche, body mass index (BMI), blood pressures, ovarian volume, and serum androgen levels between the two groups. Serum glucose and insulin levels, fasting glucose/insulin ratio, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profi les were also compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation coeffi cients were used to evaluate correlation between the LH/FSH ratio and various parameters. Results Age of menarche in the group B was signifi cantly later than that in the group A. BMI, waist-hip ratio and blood pressures were signifi cantly lower in the group B compared to those of the group A. Ovarian volume and serum levels of LH, estradiol, total testosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (OHP), and high density lipoprotein were signifi cantly higher in the group B. Postprandial 2 hours glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were signifi cantly higher in the group A. After adjustment of BMI, the LH/FSH ratio was signifi cantly positively correlated with age at menarche, ovarian volume, total testosterone levels, and 17-OHP levels. Conclusion The inappropriate gonadotropin secretion may be negatively correlated with BMI, and positively with age of menarche and increased ovarian androgen production irrespective of BMI in women with PCOS. However, it may not be associated with metabolic characteristics.

Preparation and characterization of a poly(vinylbenzyl sulfonic acid)-grafted FEP membrane

Fei, Geng,Shin, Junhwa,Kang, Sung-A,Ko, Beom-Seok,Kang, Phil-Hyun,Lee, Youn-Sik,Nho, Young Chang Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.48 No.3

<P>In this study, a novel polymer electrolyte membrane, poly(vinylbenzyl sulfonic acid)-grafted poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP-g-PVBSA), has been successfully prepared by simultaneous irradiation grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) monomer onto a FEP film and taking subsequent chemical modification steps to modify the benzyl chloride moiety to the benzyl sulfonic acid moiety. The chemical reactions for the sulfonation were carried out via the formation of thiouronium salt with thiourea, base-catalyzed hydrolysis for the formation of thiol, and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Each chemical conversion process was confirmed by FTIR, elemental analysis, and SEM-EDX. A chemical stability study performed with Fenton's reagent (3% H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> solution containing 4 ppm of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>) at 70 °C revealed that FEP-g-PVBSA has a higher chemical stability than the poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-grafted membranes (FEP-g-PSSA). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 563–569, 2010</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A novel polymer electrolyte membrane, FEP-g-PVBSA, has been successfully prepared by using a simultaneous irradiation grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride monomer onto a poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) film and taking subsequent chemical modification steps to modify the benzyl chloride moiety to the benzyl sulfonic acid moiety. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2010-48-3-POLA23762-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2010-48-3-POLA23762-gra001'> </P>

실내조건에서 무당벌레(Harmonia axyridis : Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)의 각 발육단계에 친환경농자재가 미치는 영향

강은진,강명기,이희진,이대홍,석희봉,김다아,길미라,서미자,유용만,윤영남,Kang, Eun-Jin,Kang, Myong-Ki,Lee, Hee-Jin,Lee, Dae-Hong,Seok, Hee-Bong,Kim, Da-A,Gil, Mi-La,Seo, Mi-Ja,Yu, Yong-Man,Youn, Young-Nam 한국응용곤충학회 2007 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.46 No.1

무당벌레(H. axyridis)는 세계적으로 진딧물의 포식자로 널리 알려지면서 농생태계내에서 진딧물을 방제하기 위한 방제인자로 많이 사용하고 있다. 또한 국내에서는 농약의 사용을 억제하는 정부정책과 소비자의 요구 등으로 인하여 친환경농업이 확대되면서 친환경농자재들이 많이 사용되고 있다. 따라서 친환경농자재의 사용은 무당벌레에 직간접적으로 영향을 미칠 수가 있다. 살충성친환경농자재(IEFAMs)의 경우 무당벌레의 각 발육단계에 대하여 대부분 안전한 경향을 나타내고 있다. 살균성친환경농자재(FEFAM)의 경우에도 FEFAM A를 제외한 다른 종류들은 무당벌레에 대하여 영향이 적다. 토양미생물친환경농자재(EFAMSM)인 EFAMSM C와 H는 무당벌레 알의 부화율을 떨어뜨릴 수가 있으며, EFAMSM A와 F는 1령 유충에 피해를 줄 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 식물성추출물친환경농자재(EFAMPE)는 EFAMPE A와 D는 무당벌레 알에 치명적인 독성을 보이고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 그 이외의 다른 조사된 농자재들은 무당벌레에 비교적 독성이 약한 것으로 평가되었다. The multicolored Asian ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis) has been commonly used with biological control agents for control of several kinds of aphids in agroecosystems. Also, environment friendly agricultural materials have been commonly applied in crop fields because the government held down pesticide application and environment friendly agricultures are gradually increased with consumer's desires. The multicolored Asian ladybird beetles may be directly or indirectly under the influence of environment friendly agricultural materials In crop fields. The insecticidal environment friendly agricultural materials (IEFAMs) might be saff against each developmental stage of multicolored Asian ladybird beetle. Fungicidal environment friendly agricultural materials (FEFAMs) had a miner effect to each developmental stage of multicolored Asian ladybird beetle with the exception of FEFAM A. Environment friendly agricultural materials contained useful soil microorganisms (EFAMSMs) C and H might be down the hatching rate of eggs, and EFAMSM A and F had a killing effect to 1st instar of lady beetles. Environment friendly agricultural materials contained plant extracts (EFAMPEs) A and D might be suffered effect a deathblow of egg hatching with lady beetles. Otherwise, there was a miner effect to lady beetles with the rest of tested environment friendly agricultural materials.

The Assessment of Carbendazim, Cyazofamid, Diethofencarb and Pyrimethanil Residue Levels in P. ginseng (C. A. Meyer) by HPLC

최정희,A. M. Abd El-Aty,Young-Seok Park,Soon-Kil Cho,심재한 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.3

A fast and simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of four pesticides having fungicide properties has been proposed for Panax ginseng, C. A. Meyer grown for 4, 5, or 6 years. Analytical separation was performed on C18 columns using ultraviolet detector under gradient conditions. Spiked blank samples were used as standards to counteract the matrix effect observed in the chromatographic determination. The HPLC response for all pesticides was linear, with determination coefficients >0.9986. The average rate of recovery for pesticides spiked with 2 fortification levels was >72% with relative standard deviations <9%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.03 to 0.16 ppm. These LOQs were lower than the respective maximum residue limits (MRL) established by the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA), except for cyazofamid. The proposed method was used to determine pesticide residue levels in samples of ginseng obtained from Jeonnam Province (Republic of Korea). None of the pesticides were found in ginseng samples grown for 4, 5, or 6 years.

The Assessment of Carbendazim, Cyazofamid, Diethofencarb and Pyrimethanil Residue Levels in P. ginseng (C. A. Meyer) by HPLC

Choi, Jeong-Heui,El-Aty, A.M.Abd,Park, Young-Seok,Cho, Soon-Kil,Shim, Jae-Han Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.3

A fast and simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of four pesticides having fungicide properties has been proposed for Panax ginseng, C. A. Meyer grown for 4, 5, or 6 years. Analytical separation was performed on C18 columns using ultraviolet detector under gradient conditions. Spiked blank samples were used as standards to counteract the matrix effect observed in the chromatographic determination. The HPLC response for all pesticides was linear, with determination coefficients > 0.9986. The average rate of recovery for pesticides spiked with 2 fortification levels was > 72% with relative standard deviations < 9%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.03 to 0.16 ppm. These LOQs were lower than the respective maximum residue limits (MRL) established by the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA), except for cyazofamid. The proposed method was used to determine pesticide residue levels in samples of ginseng obtained from Jeonnam Province (Republic of Korea). None of the pesticides were found in ginseng samples grown for 4, 5, or 6 years.

Measurement of Neutron Total Cross Section and Resonance Parameters of Natural Hafnium at Pohang Neutron Facility

A. K.M.M.H. Meaze,Guinyun Kim,Dongchul Son,Hengsik Kang,Hossain Ahmed,In Soo Ko,Jong Hwa Chang,Kun Joong Yoo,Moo-Hyun Cho,Tae-Ik Ro,Won Namkung,Won-Chung Chung,Young Seok Lee,Young-Ae Kim 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.2

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CMOS Transistors with a 70-nm Gate Length for 0.13-μm-Node High-Performance Applications

Kyoung-Seok Rha,Dong-Hun Lee,Eun-Seung Jung,Hae-Kyung Kong,Hyae-Ryoung Lee,Jeong-Ho Lyu,Jeong-Hwan Yang,Jin-Suk Jung,Jung-A Choi,Kwang-Pyuk Suh,Young-Wug Kim 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.44 No.1

Conventional CMOS transistors for high performance with a 70-nm physical gate length were fabricated to evaluate the 130-nm-technology node. In this work, we enhanced the performance of transistors by using high-dose P+ implantation, a plasma-nitridation gas oxide, a hydrogen prebake (HPB), and a mechanical stress layer. We also reduced the overlap capacitances by using an oset spacer. The NMOS and PMOS have drive currents equal to 880 A/m and 420 A/m, respectively, with Ioff = 10 nA/m at Vdd = 1.2 V. The unit delay of the ring oscillator (1 fan-out) was 11.5 ps.

Correction: Electrochemical and electrocatalytic reaction characteristics of boron-incorporated graphene <i>via</i> a simple spin-on dopant process

Jang, A.-Rang,Lee, Young-Woo,Lee, Sang-Seok,Hong, John,Beak, Seong-Ho,Pak, Sangyeon,Lee, Juwon,Shin, Hyeon Suk,Ahn, Docheon,Hong, Woong-Ki,Cha, SeungNam,Sohn, Jung Inn,Park, Il-Kyu The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.17

<P>Correction for ‘Electrochemical and electrocatalytic reaction characteristics of boron-incorporated graphene <I>via</I> a simple spin-on dopant process’ by A-Rang Jang <I>et al.</I>, <I>J. Mater. Chem. A</I>, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7ta09517a.</P>