The Action of Triterpenoidal Glycosides of Dammarane Series and Their Aglycones on $K^{+}$ and $H^{-}$ Fluxes in Erythrocytes, Induced by lonophore $A_{23187}$ and Divalent ions

Kim, Yu.A.,Park, Kyeong-Mee,Kyung, Jong-Su,Hyun, Hak-Chul,Song, Yong-Bum,Shin, Han-Jae,Park, Hwa-Jin The Korean Society of Ginseng 1996 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.20 No.2

Ginsenoside Rb,, at a concentration of 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and over, initiated the cycle of oscillation of ion flux in erythrocytes after the cells had been treated with a protonophore, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) and then with a $Ca^{2+}$ ionophore, A23,3,. Its action was similar to the additional portion of $Ca^{2+}$-ionophore or $Ca^{2+}$ ion to the erythrocytes. Effects of $Rg_1$ and Rf were different from that of Rb,. They did not induce the oscillation. They, however, increased the extracellular $K^{+}$ concentration and pH without returning to the initial state in the erythrocytes processed with FCCP and $A_{23187}$. We established that ginsenosides from 20-(5)-panaxatriol family induced the membrane hyperpolarization in erythrocytes, which was attenuated by the pretreatment of $Rb_1$, a major component of 20-(5)-panaxadiol.

Clinical Impact of Exosomal microRNA as a Novel Biomarker of Liver Fibrosis

( Young Chang ),( Jae-a Han ),( Suk Min Kang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Tom Ryu ),( Han Seul Park ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Many approaches have been suggested for the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis, including the use of serum biomarkers and ultrasound-based elastography, but none has yet replaced liver biopsy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as potential diagnostic tools for liver diseases. We investigated alterations in the expression of serum exosomal miRNAs with the progression of liver fibrosis and evaluated their clinical applicability as biomarkers. Methods: This study prospectively enrolled 71 patients who underwent liver biopsy at a large-volume academic hospital in Korea. Exosomes were extracted from serum samples, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of miRNAs was conducted in patients from different stages of liver fibrosis. Differential expression of miRNAs was quantified using targeted real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A model was derived to discriminate advanced fibrosis based on miRNA levels using multivariate logistic regression. The performance of this model was evaluated and compared using area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and De- Long’s test. Results: NGS data revealed the relationship between exosomal miR-122 expression and liver fibrosis progression. The level of miR-122 decreased as the pathologic fibrosis grade progressed from stage 0 to 4. Patients with biopsy-proven advanced fibrosis had significantly lower levels of exosomal miR-122 (P<0.001) than those without advanced fibrosis. Exosomal miR-122 exhibited a fair performance in discriminating advanced fibrosis with an AUC of 0.77, which improved to 0.86 in combination with fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and transient elastography (TE). This value was higher than that reported for any other non-invasive modalities, including TE (AUC of 0.80) or FIB-4 (AUC of 0.57) alone. In a subgroup of patients with a non-viral etiology of liver disease, the performance of exosomal miR-122 as a biomarker improved, evident from the increase in the AUC value to 0.87. In this subpopulation, the combination model of miR- 122, FIB-4, and TE showed the best discrimination ability (AUC of 0.90), which was significantly higher than that of TE alone (AUC of 0.83; DeLong’s test P=0.046). Inhibition of miR-122 expression increased the proliferation of the human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2, and upregulated the expression of collagen- 1A, a-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor-ß. Conclusions: Exosomal miR-122 may serve as a novel biomarker for discriminating advanced liver fibrosis, and its accuracy may enhanced in combination with other non-invasive tests such as FIB-4 and TE.

Determination of volatile organic compounds generated from fresh, white and red Panax ginseng (C. A. Meyer) using a direct sample injection technique

Abd El-Aty, A. M.,Kim, In-Kyung,Kim, Mi-Ra,Lee, ChiHo,Shim, Jae-Han John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2008 Biomedical chromatography Vol.22 No.5

<P>Ginsenosides are regarded as the main active, non-volatile components of Panax ginseng (C. A. Meyer). However, throughout the long history of ginseng research, there has been virtually no report describing its volatile flavor compounds. A solvent-free procedure for the determination of volatile flavor compounds generated from fresh, white and red Panax ginseng (C. A. Meyer) using solvent-free solid injection (SFSI) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection is described here. At no point in the SFSI technique were the extraction conditions optimized. Rather, the experimental variables including various sample preparations (fresh, oven-dried and freeze-dried), injector temperatures (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300°C), and preheating times (3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 min), were predicated on the experience of the authors. A total of 47 compounds were identified in various forms of ginseng. Among the compounds identified in the sample, fresh ginseng was characterized by a high proportion of 3-acetyl-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-7,8-dimethoxy-4-methylene-3H-2,3-benzodiazepine (64.24%) and 23,24-dinor-3-oxolean-4,12-dien-28-oic acid (21.42%); 2-furanmethanol (20.26%) and 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (17.95%) were detected as the major components in white ginseng while the main components of the red ginseng were found to be 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester (16.27%) and 2-furanmethanol (13.82%). SFSI is a solvent-free, rapid and simple sample preparation technique based on direct vaporization. There is no dilution or contamination with solvent or its impurities and no loss of quickly eluted components was observed in the solvent peak. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

하악 구치 3급 이개부 병변 치료 방법으로서 터널링 : 문헌고찰 및 증례보고

한근아,김재덕,백종성,김병옥 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2002 口腔生物學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

The treatment, management and long-term retention of mandibular molar teeth exhibiting furcation invasions always have been a challenge to the discerning general dentist or dental specialist. This is especially true when the furcation involvements has progressed to a class Ⅲ furcation. This study presents and describe various therapeutic plans available for class Ⅲ furcation invasions in mandibular molars, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. This study focus particularly on a surgical technique called "tunneling'', which is performed to describe the remaining soft and hard tissues in the furcal area ; this, in turn, allows access for effective oral hygiene and maintenance. The objective of this study and subsequent case report is to discuss and illustrate the tunneling procedure as a treatment alternative for mandibular class Ⅲ furcation invasions.

The Assessment of Carbendazim, Cyazofamid, Diethofencarb and Pyrimethanil Residue Levels in P. ginseng (C. A. Meyer) by HPLC

Choi, Jeong-Heui,El-Aty, A.M.Abd,Park, Young-Seok,Cho, Soon-Kil,Shim, Jae-Han Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.3

A fast and simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of four pesticides having fungicide properties has been proposed for Panax ginseng, C. A. Meyer grown for 4, 5, or 6 years. Analytical separation was performed on C18 columns using ultraviolet detector under gradient conditions. Spiked blank samples were used as standards to counteract the matrix effect observed in the chromatographic determination. The HPLC response for all pesticides was linear, with determination coefficients > 0.9986. The average rate of recovery for pesticides spiked with 2 fortification levels was > 72% with relative standard deviations < 9%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.03 to 0.16 ppm. These LOQs were lower than the respective maximum residue limits (MRL) established by the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA), except for cyazofamid. The proposed method was used to determine pesticide residue levels in samples of ginseng obtained from Jeonnam Province (Republic of Korea). None of the pesticides were found in ginseng samples grown for 4, 5, or 6 years.

Immobilization of hyaluronic acid onto a-NH2 functionalized anodized titanium surfaces for enhancing MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation

Jae Won Shim,Hyun Suk Seo,Young Sun Hwang,Jeng A Yeom,Han Seok Myeong,Byung Hoon Kim,Han Cheol Choe,Yeong Mu Ko 대한치과재료학회 2009 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.36 No.special

Asobara japonica의 벗초파리 발육단계에 따른 기생특성 및 살충효과

윤승환,이진구,장재은,한정아,김상우,김아영,서홍렬,이영순,Yun, Seung-Hwan,Lee, Jingu,Jang, Jae Eun,Han, Jeong-A,Kim, Sang-Woo,Kim, A-Young,Seo, Hong-Yul,Lee, Young Soon 한국응용곤충학회 2021 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.60 No.3

벗초파리기생벌인 A. japonica의 벗초파리 유충의 발육단계에 따른 기생특성과 기생당한 유충과 번데기에서 형태적인 차이를 조사하였다. 또한 A. japonica의 우화기간이 벗초파리 우화일수 보다 더 소요되는 것을 확인하였다. A. japonica는 벗초파리 유충에 효과적인 기생 및 살충 효과를 나타내었으며 벗초파리 방제를 위한 천적으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다. We confirmed the parasitic characteristics of Asobara japonica according to the stage of development of Drosophila suzukii and observed the morphological differences between parasitized and unparasitized D. suzukii larvae and pupae. It was also confirmed that emergence period of A. japonica was longer than that of D. suzukii. A. japonica showed an effective parasitic and insecticidal effect on D. suzukii larvae, and it is expected that A. japonica could be used as a natural enemy for the control of D. suzukii.

바이오차와 부레옥잠 비율별 혼합 처리가 배추의 생장에 미치는 영향

이재한(Jae-Han Lee),진선용(Seon-Yong Jin),김현아(Hyen-A Kim),박은서(Eun-Seo Park),천진혁(Jin-Hyuk Chun),강윤구(Yun-Gu Kang),윤여욱(Yeo-Uk Yun),이기범(Gi-bum Yi),오택근(Taek-Keun Oh) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11

수질오염은 다양한 자연적 원인들과 인간의 생활 및 산업 활동들로 인해 발생된다. 수질오염으로 인해 생태계가 교란되면 오염 물질이 수생 생물에 축적되며, 결국 먹이사슬의 최상위 계층인 인간에게 되돌아오게 되기 때문에, 수질오염 방지에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 폐기물로 처리되는 소라 껍데기와 생태계에 무분별한 증식으로 수질오염을 일으키는 부레옥잠을 비율별로 혼합하여 토양 처리 시 배추 생육에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 소라 껍데기는 550°C에서 1시간 동안 열분해하여 바이오차로 제조하였으며, 부레옥잠은 건조 후 분쇄하여 재배시험에 이용하였다. 배추의 재배는 1/5000 a wagner pot에 정식 후 온실에서 실시하였다. 무처리구(control)를 제외한 모든 처리구에 소라 껍데기 바이오차(CB)를 토양 무게비로 1% (w/w)를 처리하였으며, 각 처리구별로 건조 부레옥잠(WH)을 0.1, 0.3, 0.5%로 추가로 혼합하였다. 무기질비료(N-P₂O<SUB>5</SUB>-K₂O)는 모든 처리구에 11.0-7.8-11.0 kg 10 a<SUP>-1</SUP>로 처리하였다. 배추의 생육 조사 결과, 부레옥잠(WH)의 처리 비율이 증가할수록 배추의 생육이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 특히, CB 1% + WH 0.5% 처리구의 생중량, 건중량, 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭이 각각 149.1 g, 12.4 g, 28.3 cm, 22.6 cm로 가장 높은 생육을 보였으며, control에 비해 생중량, 건중량, 엽장, 엽폭이 각각 약 35%, 17%, 15%, 8%, 10%씩 증가하였다. CB 1%+ WH 0.0% 처리구의 생중량, 건중량, 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭은 각각 76.0 g, 6.7 g, 20.3 cm, 19.5 cm으로 타 처리구에 비해 비교적 낮은 생육을 보였으며, 이는 소라 바이오차에 의한 양분 흡착이 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과를 통해, 소라 바이오차와 부레옥잠의 비율별 혼합 처리는 배추 생육에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 차후 토양 내 소라 바이오차와 부레옥잠의 혼합비율 및 처리량에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

농식품 환경 분야(PF) : Rhizopus oryzae를 이용한 기능성 된장의 이화학적 특성

김재영 ( Jae Young Kim ),백승화 ( Seung Hwa Baek ),김충기 ( Choong Ki Kim ),이승훈 ( Seung Hoon Lee ),김성조 ( Seong Jo Kim ),한성수 ( Seong Soo Han ),문진아 ( Jin A Moon ),임효빈 ( Hyo Bin Im ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 된장의 이소플라본 함량을 향상시킬 목적으로 전통장류의 발효에 관여하는 미생물인 Aspergillus oryzae(AOM)및 Rhizopus oryzae(ROM)로 발효시킨 콩알메주 및 볶은 콩가루를 조합하여 담근 기능성 된장의 발효방법을 개발하고, 조합비율을 달리하여 숙성시킨 된장의 이화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 된장은 AOM 및 ROM을 이용해 제조한 콩알메주의 비율을 달리하여 AOM (100%), ROM(100%), A 된장(AOM 80% : ROM 20%), B 된장(AOM 60% : ROM 40%), C(AOM 40% : ROM 60%) 등 5개 군으로 담근 후 10주의 숙성기간 동안 된장의 질소함량, 수분함량, 조지방 등의 일반성분과 총당, 환원당, 에탄올 함량, 적정산도, pH, α-amylase 및 β-amylase 효소활성도 등 이화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 기능성 된장의 수분, 조단백, 조지방, 조회분, pH 및 적정산도의 경우는 숙성기간에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 된장 간의 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 숙성 10주째의 총 당 및 환원당 함량은 A된장<C된장<B된장<ROM<AOM 순이었다. α-amylase 효소활성은 6주째부터 A된장<C된장<B된장<ROM<AOM 순, β-amylase 효소활성은 ROM<C된장=A된장<B된장<AOM 순이었다. 알코올 함량은 전체적으로 ROM<A된장<C된장<B된장<AOM 순이었으며, 아미노태 및 암모니아태 등 질소함량은 숙성기간이 길어질수록 증가하는 경향이었고, 전체적인생성량은 ROM<C된장<A된장<B된장<AOM 순이었다. 결론적으로 발효방법을 달리하여 제조한 된장의 일반성분은 비율과 비례하여 큰 차이는 없으나, 당 함량은 AOM 및 ROM 각각 단일 미생물로 발효시킨 된장이 가장 높았고, 알코올 및 질소함량은 AOM이 가장 높고, ROM의 경우가 낮았으며, 각 된장의 비율에 비례하여 그 수준이 달라졌다. 따라서 AOM 및 ROM의 적정 비율을 찾기는 어려우나, 이러한 발효미생물을 이용해 제조한 기능성 된장의 상품성을 확인할 수 있었다.

카무트 분말을 첨가한 머핀의 품질특성 및 항산화 작용

윤진아(Jin A Yoon),한준우(Jun-Woo Han),최재환(Jae-Hwan Choi),신경옥(Kyung-Ok Shin) 한국식품과학회 2021 한국식품과학회지 Vol.53 No.5

본 연구는 카무트를 활용하여 머핀의 품질을 향상시키고, 건강의 증진에 도움이 되고자 제품을 만들어 기초실험을 실시하였다. 카무트 분말을 첨가할수록 pH, 수분 함량, 머핀의 높이 및 반죽수율은 감소하였다. 카무트 분말을 첨가한 머핀의 색도 측정에서는 L값은 감소하였으며, a값과 b값은 증가하였다. 물성 측정결과, 카무트 첨가량이 증가할수록 머핀의 점착성과 응집성이 감소하고, 검성과 씹힘성이 증가하였다. ABTS 소거활성과 DPPH 소거활성은 탈 이온수 추출보다는 에탄올 추출에서 수치가 높았으며, 에탄올 추출 시에 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 종합해 볼 때, 개인의 기호도에 따라 머핀을 만들 때, 카무트의 첨가량이 달라질 수 있으나 이화학적 분석, 항산화 활성 등을 고려할 때, 카무트 분말의 첨가량은 10-15%가 가장 적당할 것으로 판단된다. In this study, basic experiments were conducted to improve the quality of muffins using kamut (Triticum turanicum Jakubz) for making products to help improve human health. Kamut powder addition decreased the pH, moisture content, muffin height, and dough yield. Chromaticity measurement of muffins with added kamut powder showed decreased L value, increased a value, and increased b value. Measurement of physical properties showed that the tackiness and cohesiveness of muffins decreased with increasing amounts of added kamut powder, along with increased gumminess and chewiness. ABTS and DPPH scavenging activities were higher in ethanol extracts than in deionized water extracts. Therefore, when making muffins, it is judged that 10 to 15% of kamut powder is most suitable in consideration of physicochemical analysis and antioxidant activity.