피로와 의료이용, 업무상 사고 및 질병결근

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,정진주,이철갑,강명근,현숙정,조정진,차봉석,박종구 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study examined the relationship of fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002~2004). A total of 30,146 employees categorized within the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the participants' sociodemo-graphics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, personality trait, self=perceived fatigue (MFS) and the frequency of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Data on medical utilization and occupational accident were confirmed from company health records. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to elucidate the relationship of self-perceived fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Results: In logistic regression analyses, self-perceived fatigue was associated with medical utilization (outpatient), occupational accident and sickness absence although the strength of the associations was higher in the blue collar workers except for medical utilization. For medical utilization, the white collar worker's adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the third quartile and the highest quartile, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20-1.87) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.69-2.75), respectively. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the second (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43), third (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66) and highest quartile (OR:1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.17), respectively, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were statistically significant. However, no associations were found between fatigue and inpatient utilization for either the white or blue collar workers. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of being injured for workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.00-2.00), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.10-2.22) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.69-3.44), respectively, compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile, but, those of the white collar workers were not significant. There was more likely to an increased risk of sickness absence in workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile in both white and blue collar workers, but the magnitudes of risk were higher in the blue collar workers than the white collars workers. Conclusion: This result suggests that fatigue is a determinant predictor of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence, and that the pattern of risks for the three outcomes differs according to the occupational type. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future study were also discussed.

일반논문 : 노자상이주(老子想爾注) 양생윤리 -양생의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서-

정우진 ( Woo Jin Jung ),문석윤 ( Suk Yoon Moon ) 동양철학연구회 2013 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.75 No.-

본고는 『상이주』에 보이는 생명과 윤리의 논리를 양생윤리라는 개념으로 포착하고, 그것을 양생론의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서 고찰한 연구의 결과물이다. 외척, 환관정치로 인해 생명이 피폐해지고 社의 권위가 흔들린 후한대의 상황은 개인적 차원에 머물러 있던 양생에 사회화를 요구했고, 그 결과 양생은 윤리와 결합하게 되었다. 감정을 중요한 생명의 단서로 생각하고, 감정의 유로를 생명의 소실로 보는 기존의 전통 윤리적 관념은, 양생윤리의 배경이 되었다. 『상이주』 양생윤리의 전모는 『正統道藏30冊』 543쪽에 실려 있는 ``道 德尊經戒``에 보인다. 도덕존경계에는 『도덕경』 등에 보이는 퇴양과 인순의 지혜가 담겨 있기 때문에, 『상이주』 도계는 지혜의 격언과 도덕규범 이 혼재된 것이었음을 알 수 있다. 이 점은 『상이주』가 『도덕경』 주석서 형태를 띠고 있다는 점, 또 『도덕경』의 가르침이 도덕규범으로 발전할 소지가 있었다는 점 등으로 설명될 수 있다. 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통적 양생론과 달랐다. 그러므로 마음의 안정을 지향하던 전통윤리와는 다른, 생명과 윤리를 연결하는 별도의 기제가 요구되었다. 『상이주』의 저자는 선악판단과 수명의 심판자인 天曹, 수명의 증감을 기록한 계약서라는 관념 그리고 尸解라는 독특한 죽음관을 적절히 이용해서 ``선악-천조의 관할-생명의 증감``이라는 논리를 만들었다. 이 배후에는 감정적 동요는 도덕적 악의 상태에 해당한다는 전통적 윤리관이 전제되어 있다. 결국 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통윤리, 그리고 전통윤리의 배후에 있던 생명과 윤리의 결합이라는 관념이 당시의 민중 신앙과 섞여 만들어진 양생론이자 민중종교 윤리였던 셈이다. Nurturing life is one of the most important thoughts in ancient china. Xiang Er Zhu is the bible of Wou Dou Mi Tu(五斗米徒). I investigated Xiang Er Zhu from the perspective of Nurturing Life in this treatise. Nurturing Life first shown in Zhuang Zi(莊子) and Guan Zi(管子) had developed through Qin Hin(秦漢) period and changed itself in accordance with the demand of age. This change can be told to be the development of Nurturing Life Theory. In post han period, Nurturing Life Theory had to fit itself into the age request, socialization. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is the response to the request. China had some thoughts of the original form of Nurturing Life Ethic. Tai Ping Jing(太平經) is one of them. But the oldest model we can find would be in Guan Zi. In Guan Zi, we can find the thought that feeling stability cause health of mind and body. Nurturing Life in Xiang Er Zhu formed on the foundation of that thought. But it did not follow the same logic. It borrowed such concepts as Tai Yin(太陰), Tian Cao(天曹) from folk religion. Folk religion was familiar with the chinese and had the power to enforce moral behavior. People should keep Dao Jie(道誡) not to lessen his life by punishment of Tian Cao. But Zao Shen(조神) or San Shi(三尸) that report guilty of person to Tian Cao in Daoism Ethic is not in Xiang Er Zhu. Instead, Xiang Er Zhu proposed the technique of Shi Jie(尸解), revival from death. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is folk religion ethic founded on the traditional ethic orienting feeling stability and the cohesion of life and ethic behind traditional ethic.

정신분열병 환자에서 얼굴 영상의 작동기억 장애 : 기능자기공명영상연구

이창욱,김태석,주라형,박주미,박여진,김종진,전신수,배치운,김정진,이수정,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : Impaired processing of facial information is one of the broad ranges of cognitive deficits seen in patients with Schi-zophrenia. We aimed to elucidate the differences in brain activities involved in the process of facial working memory between schizophrenic patients and healthy comparison subjects. Methods : Twelve patients with schizophrenia were recruited along with twelve demographically matched healthy volunteers as a comparison group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess cortical activities during the Perfor-mance of a 2-back working memory paradigm using images of neutral faces as mnemonic content. Rcsults : The patient group performed the tasks with reduced accuracy. Group analysis revealed that the left fusiform gyrus, the right superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral middle frontal gyri/insula, the left middle temporal gyrus, the precuneus, the quadrangular lobules and the vermis of cerebellum showed decreased cortical activities in the patient group. On the other hand, an increased level of activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and the pahetal lobule was observed from the patient group, all in the right hemisphere. Conulusion : A decreased level of activity in the left fusiform gyrus among the patient group implicates inefficient processing of facial information. An increased level of activation in prefrontal and parietal neural networks from the patient group confirms earlier findings on the impaired working memory of patients with schizophrenia.

자동차 배출가스 정화용 Pd/γ-AI_(2)O_(3) 촉매의 인 피독에 있어서 La_(2)O_(3)의 첨가효과에 대한 연구

정태훈,정석진 慶熙大學校 材料科學技術硏究所 1990 材料科學技術硏究論集 Vol.3 No.-

In order to suggest an efficient catalyst system for automotive emission control, Pd-La_(2)O_(3) catalyst was characterized before and after phosphorus contact. By H_(2) chemisorption experiment, it was found that the particle size of Pd was decreased and dispersion of it was increased by promotion of La_(2)O_(3) After phosphorus poisoning, it was found that amounts of H_(2) chemisorbed were decreased largely up to certain value (ca. 5wt%). However, there was small changes in the amount of H_(2) chemisorbed between 5wt% and 10wt% phosphorus poisoned catalysts. That is to say, phosphorus of high loading doesn't affect the loss of H_(2) chemisorption site by formation of multilayers on the catalyst. By engine exhaust gas test, it was observed that Pd-La_(2)O_(3) catalyst was pretty sensitive against the phosphorus poisoning.

심한 척추변형(측만증 및 후만증)에 대한 척추 후방 절제술

석세일,김진혁,이상민,정의룡,이정희,김성수,정락용 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.1S

■ Purpose To report a technique of vertebral column resection through a single posterior approach and its first results in the treatment of severe spinal deformities. ■ Methods and materials Seventy spinal deformity patients treated by posterior vertebral column resection(PVCR) were reviewed. Minimum follow up was 2 years (2 - 3.3 years). There were 34 males and 36 females with a mean age of 27.4 years at the time of the operation. Etiologic diagnoses were adult scoliosis in 7, congenital kyphoscoliosis in 38, and post-infectious kyphosis in 25. The surgery consisted of temporary stabilization of the vertebral column with segmental pedicle screw fixation, resection of the vertebral column at the apex of the deformity via the posterior route followed by gradual deformity correction and global fusion. ■ Results The total number of resected vertebrae were 143; 76 in thoracic and 67 in lumbar. Mean operation time was 4 hours 31 minutes with average blood loss of 2333 ml. The deformity correction was 40o in the coronal plane and 5Oo in the sagiotal plane. Complications were encountered in 24 patients: 2 complete cord injuries in severe adult scoliosis and thoracic kyphosis patient who had significant preoperative cord compromise, 6 hematomas, 4 root injuries (all incomplete), 5 fixation failures, 2 infections and 5 hemopneumothoraxes. ■ Conclusions PVCR is an effective alternative for severe fixed spinal deformities. However, extreme caution must be taken in the patients with preoperative cord compromise who are the high risk of neurological complications.

패킹하우스 중심의 감귤 브랜드마케팅 및 포장디자인 연구

정진숙,최광훈 한국패키지디자인학회 2002 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.12 No.-

Developing living standard of people by industrial advance, mind structure and preferences of consumers are getting diverse and complex. By unbalanced market situation between production and consumption there are emerging a consumer leading market, in which consumers take initiatives to choose various products of many producers. So, the importance of brand-packing design is getting highlightened. In the position of consumers, they can have plenty of opportunities to select a brand product among many brands of products. In the opposite position, suppliers should make their diverse products compete with each other in more severe market situation than ever. However, both consumers and suppliers agree to say that brand is the only hope to attarct consumers in such competitive situation. Therefore, enterprises and local governments concern importantly as their one of survival strategies how strong brands they have. Development of mandalin brand focusing on packing house is recommended as strategy of differentiated quality of mandalin industry in danger. The first stage of the strategy is to advertise the image of Jeju mandalin and increase preferences among consumers. And the second stage is to make the mandalin brand competitive in globla market. A key point for success of the mandalin brand focusing on pakcing house is to respond for requirements of consumers, for which it is essential to produce high quality mandalin and maintain its quality in the process of circulation. It is required to develop the quality in the stage of production for strengthening competitiveness of mandalin. And also, prohibition of circulating inferior fruits and refraining from harvesting unrippened fruits, and development of packing design for raising product value are compusory tasks in the stage of circulation. So, new policies should be introduced to circulate the high quality mandalin, like reducing numbers of packing houses, which are more thatn 900, developing capabilities of select-packing machine, and introduction of big packing house system to prevent from abitrary sorting by each producers. Moreover, we need to consider new marketing strategies, such as production plan for high quality produts rather than stressing brands by production sites and change of brands focusing on packing house taking care of selecting, packing and circulation. So, this research tries for consumers to recognize mandalin brands more widely and to propose brand packing design by managers of packing houses. This paper intends for mandalin brands to be recognized systematically as a confident brand in domestic market and a successful brand in global market by planned producing, planned circulation, and product-value relevant to its brand.

분절간 척추경 나사 고정과 척추전이법을 이용한 특발성 척추 측만증의 치료

석세일,김진혁,이상민,정의룡,김성수,이정희,박준석 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.2

Objective : To report the clinical result of segmental pedicle screw fixation and translation technique in surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis. Methods and materials : Ten idiopathic scoliosis. patients treated with segmental pedicle screw fixation and translation technique were analyzed retrospectively. The mean follow-up interval was 23.8months, with a minimum of 12 months. Eighteen structural curves were fused in one double curves(King type Ⅰ), seven double thoracic curve(King type Ⅴ) and two thoracolumbar curve. Deformity correction, apical vertebral rotation(AVR), apical vertebral translation(AVT), trunk balance, shoulder balance and complications were evaluated. Result : The structural curve was corrected from 47.4±10.6° to 20.3±5.9° at 1week after surgery and 55.6±14.1° at latest follow-up. AVR was corrected from 2.06±0.4 to 0.94±0.41 at 1week after surgery and latest follow-up. AVT was improved from 25±15.7㎜ to 11.5±7.3㎜ at 1week after surgery and 12.3±7.3㎜ at latest follow-up. There were no trunk imbalance(less than 10㎜ distance from C7 plumb line), no shoulder imbalance(less than 10㎜ shoulder height difference) and no screw related complications. Conclusions : The segmental pedicle screw fixation and translation technique is an effective method in treating for idiopathic scoliosis.

NH₃TPD에 의한 SAPO-11 및 Pd/SAPO-11의 표면 산특성에 관한연구

정진호,정석진 慶熙大學校 材料科學技術硏究所 1991 材料科學技術硏究論集 Vol.4 No.-

In order to suggest an efficient catalyst system for methanol-to-olefin, variously prepared (Impregnation, Ion exchange) Pd/SAPO-11 catalysts were characterized using techniques of XRD, ICP, NH₃ TPD etc. From XRD results, it was found that Pd particles of impregnated Pd/SAPO-11 catalyst were found to be existed mainly on the outside of SAPO-11 cage as bulk clusters of large crystalline. On the other hand, ion exchanged Pd/SAPO-11 catalysts has some clue Pd that some portion exist within cage by the process of ion exchange, and the remained Pd exist outside of cage. The content of Pd outside of cage increased by the number of repeatation of ion exchange process as bulk clusters. From calculation of the mean particle size of Pd, the dispersion of Pd in ion exchanged catalyst was better than the impregnated one. From the ICP analysis, it was found that Pd was ion exchanged with Al, p, and Al-P except the cation in the lattice, especially Pd was exchanged with Al, P, and Al-P at 1st and 3rd ion exchange, and with cataion in the SAPO-11 at 2nd ion exchanging. By chemisorbed NH₃ TPD, we are found that the acid amount and strength can be controlled by the optimum mumber of ion exchange trials.

흉통과 생활변화, 대처행동양식 및 사회적 지지의 관계 : 관상동맥조영술을 받은 환자들을 중심으로 Focused on Patients Undergone Coronary Arteriography

정진대,국승희,이무석 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 흉통을 주소로 관상동맥조영술을 시행받은 환자 중 조영술상 양성군과 음성군, 대조군의 일반 인구학적 특성, 관상동맥질환의 관련요인, 흉통의 양상, 년간 생활변화량, 대처행동양식, 사회적 지지에 대한 지각의 차이, 기능장애정도 등을 비교하고자 하였다. 처음으로 관상동맥조영술을 시행하는 40명의 환자를 대상으로 의무기록지 검토, 반구조화된 면접, 사회재적응 평가척도, 대인관계지지 평가지, 대처행동 평가지, 기능장애 척도 등을 실시한 후 조영술 결과에 따라 양성군과 음성군으로 분류하였으며 이들과 흉통의 과거력이 없었던 정상대조군을 비교하여 살펴보았다. 요약하면 1) 음성군이 양성군에 비해 유의하게 여성이 더 많았고(p<0.05), 비전형적인 흉통을 호소하는 환자가 유의하게 많았다(p<0.01). 2) 년간생활변화량에서는 음성군, 양성군이 정상대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하지는 않지만 생활변화가 많았음을 알 수 있었고, 특히 건강과 관련한 생활변화량에서는 유의하게 높은 점수를 보였다(p<0.05). 3) 대처양식에 있어서는 음성군, 양성군이 소극적인 대처양식(정서완화적 대처)을 유의하게 많이 사용하였다(p<0.01). 4) 사회적 지지도는 음성군이 가장 부정적으로 지각하는 경향이었으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 5) 기능장애에 있어서는 음성군과 양성군이 현저한 기능장애를 보였으나 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 본 연구에서는 흉통환자에서 심리, 사회적인 면이 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다른 많은 연구결과에서 지적하듯 흉통을 호소하는 환자의 많은 수에서 이러한 심리적인 어려움이 있음에도 불구하고 지금까지 정신과적 진단과 치료가 제한되어 있었다. 본 연구는 흉통을 가진 환자들 특히, 관상동맥에 유의한 협착이 없으면서도 지속적인 흉통과 기능장애를 갖는 환자들에게 잘못된 대처양식의 수정과 같은 행동치료, 부정적 지각과 같은 왜곡된 인지에 대한 치료와 같은 정신과적 치료적 중재를 통해 증상의 재발방지와 재활에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 향후 좀더 구체적인 심리적 프로그램에 대한 연구가 계속되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to compare the life change unit, coping behaviors, percived social support, functional disability in patients who had a negative coronary arteriogram and those who had arteriographic evidence of coronary artery stenosis with the matched controls. Patients admitted for coronary arteriography to the cardiovascular department of the Chonnam University Hospital were assessed, on the day before coronary arteriography, on the psychological characteristics using self-rating scales such as Social Readjustment Rating Scale, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, The Ways of Coping Checklist, and Functional Disability Scale. The results of comparing the psychological characteristics of groups with and without significant coronary artery stenosis and normal controls are as follows : In life change unit, patients with chest pain had significantly elevated health-related life events but no statistically significant differences in total life change. In coping behaviros, patients with chest pain were showed to have more passive coping(especially, tension-reduction coping) than normal controls. In social support, patients with chest pain and negative coronary arteriogram were the most negative cognition but there no statistically significant differences. In functional disability, patients with chest pain showed much higher functional disability score than normal controls. We recognized the relationship of psychological factors to the chest pain patients, psychological terapeutic intervention may provide prevention of symptom relapse and rehabilitation for the negative coronary arteriogram patients with persistent chest pain, and functional disability.

센서 융합을 이용한 자율이동로봇의 위치추정

정석윤,진광식,윤태성 國立 昌原大學校 產業技術硏究院 2004 産技硏論文集 Vol.18 No.-

Accurate position estimation is required for mobile robot navigation. To estimate current position, mobile robot uses sensors. As one sensor or two sensors system is insufficient to estimate accurately, it is necessary to use sensor fusion method. Mobile robot can obtain redundant and complementary information by using sensor fusion method. It is possible to estimate current position more accurately than one sensor or two sensors system. Sensor fusion system is composed of vision sensor, ultrasonic sensors and encoder sensor. Personal computer and interface board control three different sensors. Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) method using three different sensors is proposed for sensor fusion. The validity of the proposed sensor fusion method is proved by experimental results in indoor environment.