농촌지역 노인들의 우울증상에 관련된 요인들의 특성

송미숙,전기홍,송현종,김정은,박승구,신상건,이동훈,정성현,최연주,최완철,최민규,황재철,홍지만 아주대학교 1997 아주의학 Vol.2 No.2

This study was performed to identify risk factors for depression among the elderly in a rural area. A survey was done for the elderly living in Gosam-myenn, Ansung-kun during the period of July 28, 1997 and July 30, 1997. Demographic and sodoeconornic characteristics, and functional and health Status were assessed using a structured questionnaire, and the level of depression was measured by GDS score. The data obtained were analyzed by frequencies, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression, and the results were as follows: 1. The total sample consisted of 133 elderly. Of them, 47 elderly (35.4%) showed significant depressive Symptoms. 2. The GDS score was the highest for the group over 85 years of age (p < 0.05). Those living alone or widowed showed lower GDS score than those living with someone or married (p < 0.05). 3. The GDS score was the highest in the absolutely dependent group, followed by the partially dependent group, and the independent group (p < 0.01). The elderly who perceived their health Status as excellent showed the lowest GDS score. In contrast, those who had more than five chronic diseases showed the highest GDS score. 4. The elderly receiving financial and emotional support from their family or friends showed lower GDS score compared to those without any support. 5. The economically dependent group showed higher GDS score than that of independent group. 6. The elderly who involved in leisure activities showed lower GDS score than those without any involvement. 7. In terms of risk factors for depression, we found that perceived health Status, subjective economic Status, leisure activities, living arrangement and financial support were inversely associated with GDS score, whereas labor support was positively associated with GDS score. Based upon the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors for depression in the elderly should be taken into consideration for a comprehensive mental health program for the elderly living in the rural area.

초등학교 수학 영재학급용 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구

송상현,김지영 인천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 과학교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 초등학교 수학 영재학급에서 수학 영재들이 자신들의 영재성을 충분히 발휘할 수 있도록 하는 수학 영재 교육 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 방향을 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 여러 선행 연구들을 분석/검토하여 프로그램의 목적, 유형, 내용, 운영 면에서 수학 영재 교육 프로그램 개발의 4가지 기본 방향을 정하였다. 이러한 개발의 기본 방향에 따라 전체 프로그램의 목적과의 일관성, 영재의 특성 고려, 프로그램의 유형, 학습 자료의 내용, 학습 자료의 성격, 교수 방법, 평가, 각 단위 수업에서의 구현 중점, 자료의 체제의 측면 등 9가지 면에서 수학 영재 학급용 교수-학습 자료 개발의 준거를 수립하였다. 그리고 이에 따라 초등학교 6학년 수학 영재학급의 교육 프로그램과 교수-학습 자료를 개발하고 현장에 적용하여 12차시의 수업을 분석해 봄으로써 앞의 10가지 자료개발 준거가 후속 자료개발에 시사하는 7가지의 중요한 시사점을 얻었다. The purpose of this study is to develop a Gifted Education Program in math-gifted class in elementary school. The literature analyzed in this study included earlier studies on math-gifted education programs and relevant teaching materials, math-gifted curriculum published in KEDI(Korea Educational Development Institute), and reports by gifted education demonstration schools. We proposed 4 guidelines to open the math-gifted education program. Based on the 4 guidelines, we established 9 criteria to develop math-gifted teaching/learning materials and proposed 7 considerations.

두개강내로 전이된 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma 2례 : 증례보고 Report of Two Cases

송재욱,윤상민,이창훈,장지수,이승훈,조경자,강신광 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.10

The authors describe two cases of unusual intracranial metastatic adenoid cystic carcinomas. A 42-year-old woman had a right pariental epidural metastatic mass. presumed hematogenous. spread from a primary tumor in the parotid gland. In second case, a 32-year-old man had a intracranial metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma mimicking calcified psammomatous meningioma on CT scans. We present these unusual cases with a review of relevant literature and a discussion of possible pathogenesis.

수정진동자를 이용한 2가이온의 전기화학적 특성 분석

송성훈,김종민,박지선,손진언,김영한,장상목 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1998 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.2

This paper shows eletrochemical extraction property changes of dyed cations by the various eletrochemical conditions using quartz crystal technique. The quantitative and qualitative changes of electrode surface was monitored measuring oscillation parameters of quartz crystal. The results suggest that the eletrochemical extraction of cation is influenced by the various factors such as ionic size, ionic intensity and tendency of ionization.

정신분열병 환자에서 Risperidone에 의해 유발된 조증 2례

정두훈,윤도준,유희정,송지영 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.2

저자들은 정 신분열병 환자에서 risperidone에 의해 유발된 조증, 경조증 각 1례를 경험하였기에 국내에서는 최초로. 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다. 증례 1은 22세의 여자 긴장형 정신분열병 환자로 3년전 발병 당시 약물치료후 유지요법 없이 지내다가 4∼5개월 전부터 사회적 위축, 식사량 저하. 말수가 줄어드는 등의 음성증상이 심해져 외래에서 risperidone 2mg을 일 주일간 처방하였다. 환자는 약물순응도가 낮아서 모두 6회에 걸쳐 억지로 투약하여 이 기간에 총 6∼8mg복용후 2∼3일 만에 조증이 발생되었다. 입원후 risperidone을 중단하고 lithium과 고용량의 정형 항정신병약물(chlorpromazine 1200mg 또는 haloperidol 20mg)을 10일간 투여하여 일부 조증이 호전되었다. 증례 2는 29세 남자로 3년 전부터 피해망상, 독극망상을 보이는 망상형 정신분열 병으로 항정신병약물을 처음 투여한 환자였다. 38일간 2mg 사용 시에는 양성증상 및 음성증상의 호전을 보이다가 3mg으로 증량된 후 일 주일만에 뚜렷한 경조증을 보였다. Risperidone을 중단하고 chlorpromazine 300mg을 투여하자 5일 만에 경조증이 완전히 회복되었다. 두 예 모두 risperidone 단독투여에 의한 것이었고, 기분안정제 병합투여, 약물남용 정신질환의 병력이나 가족력, 동반 신체질환은 없었다. Risperidone의 세로토닌(5-HT₂) 차단효과는 도파민(D₂) 차단작용과 함께 정신분열 병에서 음성증상과 정동중상을 호전시킬 뿐 아니라 항우울효과를 나타내며. 일부 환자에서 조증 및 경조증을 유발시키는 것으로 보인다. 기분장애와 분열정동장애에서도 risperidone에 의해 조증이 유발 또는 기존 조증중상이 악화되었다는 증례보고가 있고. 강박장애 등 다른 정신질환으로도 적응증이 확대되고 있으므로, 임상의들은 드물지만 이런 정신과적 부작용의 발생 가능성에 대해 알아야 하겠고. 특히 기분장애나 분열정동장애에서 사용할 경우 기분안정제의 병합투여와 최소 치료용량으로 서서히 증량할 것을 권하는 바이다. 또한 조증유발의 위험인자가 있는 경우는 기분안정효과가 있는 clozapine의 사용이 권장된다. We report the first two cases of manic and hypomanic episodes respectively induced by risperidone treatment done to schizophrenics in Korea. One case was a 22-year-old woman with catatonic schizophrenia. Since 3 years ago, she had shown psychotic symptoms, but with was poor treatment compliance. She had mainly negative symptoms such as social withdrawal, decreased food intake, mutism, and symptoms had been worsened since last 4-5 months. Prior to closed ward admission, she was prescribed 2mg/d of risperidone for a week at OPD. Two days artier taking medicine totally 6-8mg, she revealed manic features. After hospitalization, risperidone was discontinued and then, lithium 900mg/d and high dosage of conventional antipsychotics(chlorpromazine 1200mg/d or haloperidol 20mg/d) were prescribed . About on the l0th day of hospitalization, there was limited improvement of her manic symptoms. The other case was a 29-year-old man with a 3-year history of paranoid schizophrenia. He was never exposed to antipsychotics before. His main symptoms were delusions of being poisoned and of persecution. His positive and also negative symptoms were alleviated by 38 days of risperidone 2mg/d trial. However, one week after dosage increment to 3mg/d, hypomanic symptoms appeared. Risperidone medication was discontinued and was replaced by chlorpromazine 300mg/d. The hypomanic episode was resolved over 5 days. In both of the two cases, manic episodes occurred by monotherapy of risperidone without mood stabilizer, and there were no history of substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders, family history of psychiatric disorders, and comorbid physical illnesses. It is hypothesized that the potent blockade effect on serotonin(5-HT₂) receptor of risperidone causes antidepressant effect as well as therapeutic effect for negative and affective symptoms in schizophrenia. Risperidone would induce manic or hypomanic features in schizophrenic patin of preexisting manic symptoms by risperidone treatment in mood disorder and schizoaffective disorder. Risperidone is being used more widely, even for obsessive-compulsive disorder and other psychiatric disorders. It is necessary for clinicians to recognize manic switch, one of psychiatric side effects by risperidon trial. It is recommended that the combination of mood stabilizer wish risperidone or usage of talc minimum effective dose of risperidone may bewefal especially in the patients with mood disorders or schizoaffective disorders. Clozapine which has mood-stabilizing properties is also beneficial in risk groups of risperidone-induced mania.

자일리톨 섭취에 따른 Streptococcus mutans의 글루칸 생성관련 유전자 발현 억제효과

김지혜,이영은,안상헌,최연희,남순현,송근배 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구에서는 장기적인 자일리톨의 섭취가 Streptococcus mutans의 대표적인 독성인자 중 하나인 글루칸 생성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 글루칸 합성효소인 glucosyltansferase의 mRNA 발현을 실시간 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 24개월 동안 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans의 colony 수는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 2. 비수용성 글루칸 합성에 관여하는 유전자인 gtfB, gtfC의 발현은 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의 하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 특히 gtfB의 발현은 12개월과 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았고, gtfC의 발현은 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 3. 수용성 글루칸 합성에 관여하는 유전자인 gtfD의 발현 역시 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 또한 gtfD의 발현은 12개월과 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과들을 종합해 보았을 때, 자일리톨의 섭취는 구강 내 Streptococcus mutans의 글루칸 합성 관련 유전자들의 발현을 억제시킴으로써 Streptococcus mutans의 수적인 감소를 가져오는 것으로 생각된다. Xylitol has the ability to reduce the adherence of Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), which can make it easier to remove plaque, decrease acid production and inhibit dental caries. There are few reports on the effects of xylitol on the expression of the virulence related genes in S. mutans. This study examined the inhibitory effect of chewing gum containing xylitol on glucan synthesis related gene expression of S. mutans. Participants were voluntarily recruited for a women's oral health prevention program, classified into two groups(a control and a xylitol group), and then followed for 2 years. Twenty salivary samples were randomly selected from each group. Colony count and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze the characteristics of S. mutans. The following results were obtained: The S. mutans counts decreased steadily in the xylitol group over the study period(p<0.05). The expression of the virulence related genes (gtfB, gtfC and gtfD) was significantly lower in the xylitol group than in the control groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that chewing xylitol gum for a long period of time may reduce the expression of the genes associated with S. mutans virulence, which can result in a decrease growth of S. mutans colonies as a result.

원발성 척추 악성 신경초종 : 증례보고 3례 Case Report

김진국,송재욱,박우민,장지수,이창훈,이승훈 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.5

동충하초 급여 돈육의 물리적 및 관능적 품질특성

김일석,진상근,송영민,하경희,류현지,하지희,박기훈 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2005 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.18 No.-

90kg 전후의 3원 교잡종(LY × D) 돼지를 이용하여 처리구별로 각 10두씩 배치하여 출하전 30일간 비육후기 사료를 급여하여 시험하였고, 기본사료(C)에 누에동충하초를 0.01% 첨가한 것을 처리구(T)로 하였으며 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분(수분, 조단백, 조지방, 조회분), 가열감량, 보수성, 전단가, 콜레스테롤에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 육색의 밝기를 나타내는 L^(*)값에 있어서 육색과 지방색 모두 대조구가 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 전체 포화지방산 비율은 처리구에서 불포화지방산 비율은은 대조구에서 높은 경향을 나타내었고, 필수지방산의 함량은 처리구에서 다소 높았다(P>0.05). 대조구에 비해 처리구가 Proline을 제외한 모든 아미노산 구성 비율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 신선육 및 가열육에서 전반적인 기호도는 동일하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 향후 누에동충하초의 급여량과 급여방법 및 시기 등과 육질과의 상호관련성에 대해 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. This study was conducted to investigate the physical and sensory characteristics of the loin from pigs fed Peacilomyces Tenuipes. A total of 20 pigs average 90kg of live weight were assigned into 2 pens(10 pigs/pen). Pigs were fed finishig diets(C; basal feed) or finishing diets containing 0.01% Peacilomyces Tenuipes(T) from 30 days to market weight. The results obtained were as follows; In proximate analysis, there were no significantly difference among the samples of C and T in moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash. Also, cooking loss, water holding capacity, shear force and cholesterol were not different(P>0.05). L^(*) value of meat and fat color in C were higher(P<0.05) than that of T. In fatty acids, saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acids of pork loin from T was higher than that of C, while, unsaturated fatty acid of pork loin from C was slightly higher(P>0.05) than that of T. Amino acid compositions of T was lower(P<0.05) than that of C, except proline. The sensory score of fresh and cooked meat showed similarity. Further studied are needs on the relation between physico-chemical properties and feeding dietary Peacilomyces Tenuipes

외안각 절제술과 경결막 절개에 의한 안와 접근법

정종철,김성범,서지훈,송민석,전창훈,최세훈,김현민 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.4

Various surgical approaches to the orbits have been used. But the transconjunctival approach, also called the inferior fornix incision, provides adequate access to the orbital floor with esthetic results. Additionally, transconjunctival approach with lateral canthotomy allows more wide surgical field and good access to the orbital area. Generally, preseptal approach is more used rather than postseptal approach in the transconjunctival incision for the prevention of fat herniation during surgery. There are some complications in transconjunctival approaches but these complications can be prevented with careful surgical techniques. We report clinical results in 12 patients who were treated by preseptal transconjunctival incision with lateral canthotomoy for the treatment of orbital trauma. We were satisfied with this technique for reduction and reconstruction of the orbital trauma and we could also observe relatively good esthetic results.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1997)

김재홍,문득곤,김정수,김용준,임동진,박상훈,김희성,이민수,송기훈,김갑형,김형석,성소영,이인섭,김석우,황지환,조창근,김경문,부태성 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1997. 99 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 45(45.5%) were PPNG. Conclusion : The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 45.5% in 1997.