정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

日本의 社會科學 및 體育分野 學問硏究動向에 對한 調査 硏究

金榮秀,崔晄烈,金相漢,金麟坤,金炳斗,金永煥 慶北大學校 經商大學 經濟學科 1981 慶商大學論集 Vol.9 No.-

This paper attempts to review and trace back to, based on the data collected during visits of Japanese universities and research institutes, the organizational characteristics, the structures of curricula and study trends, with regard to the fields of social sciences, especially economics and business administration. One of the most conspicuous characteristics observed in academic organizations was Tsukuba university's system whose academic institution was organized around academic grouping, academic genealogy, and specialty: particularly social economic planning belonged to the genealogy of social engineering, in light of its characteristics in term of curriculum, seems to meet the contemporary need. There found two speciality areas in the Department of Social Engineering at the Graduate School: one is the concentration on Mathematical Planning and the other Management Engineering. Considering that its academic goal is tosys tematically and empirically analyze the human behaviors, and to take interdi-sci plinary approach through a policy-oriented system in doing so, it reflects one of the true natures of the academic trend. Their curricula appear to emphasize on analytical methods under uncertainty, application of mathematical planning techniques, system simulation, and information system design and its application, in the area of economics and business administration. Physical education is believed to require modernized facilities and equipments for its record-breaking and technical enhancement, and so increased investment in physical facilities and policy considerations for the training of physical educators are necessary.

導痰湯이 家兎의 高脂血症 및 血栓症에 미치는 影響

金然斗,文炳淳,朴暎淳,金世吉 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1994 원광한의학 Vol.4 No.1

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Dodamtang(導痰湯) on the hyperlipidemia and intravasculr coagulation induced rabbits. In order to control the precise condition, the experimental rabbits were sypplied with calorie limited food. The hyperlipidemia was induced by oral administration of cholesterol(500㎎/㎏) for 4weeks and the intravascular coagulation was induced by indotoxin injection(0.15㎎/㎏). The therapeutic effects of Dodamtang (250㎎/㎏ and 500㎎/㎏) on the lipid metabolism, histological changes of fat deposition in tissues, and the FDP were studied. The results were summurized as followings : 1. The food efficiency rate was decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 2. The concentration of the serum glucose and total lipid decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 3. The arteriosclerosis index for phospholipid (triglyceride/phosphokipid) decreased with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 4. The concentration of the serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol and the arteriosclerosis index for HDL-cholesterol(LDL, VLDL-chloesterol/HDL-cholesterol) decreased with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 5. The concentration of the serum total protein decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang, however, the metabolic rate of albumin/globulin increased with the increased concentration on Dodamtang. 6. The concentration of the serum creatinine decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 7. The activities of GOT, GPT, and LDH decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 8. The fat deposition in tissues decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 9. The concentration of FDP decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. According to the above results, Dodamtang is assumed to have a curative effects against hyperlipidemia and intravascular coagulation.

REITs제도와 조세정책방향

김병두 전주대학교 비교법학연구소 2003 비교법학 Vol.3 No.-

신경망 이론과 정신분열증

김문두,강병조 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.1

Schizophrenia can alter a wide range of cognitive abilities, ranging from attention to memory to language production. schizophrenia has been associated with functional and anatomic disturbance in many different brain regions. but there may be no single cognitive ability or brain area that somehow holds the key to understanding schizophrenia. we have reviewed many articles that discussed about neural network theory and schizophrenic symptom. many authours conclude that schizophrenia originates from pathological interactions of brain areas and cognitive potentials. so we have reviewed in this article about PDP concept and brain functioning, computer simulations of PDP network, and interactional pathology in PDP network including relationship between schizophrenic symptoms and parasitic focus. and then, we described a theroy of dopamine function and its role in cognitive deficits in schizophrenia as an example case of PDP.

이온주입이 금속의 일함수에 미치는 영향(Ⅰ)

김현경,강석태,황정남,이철주,최대선,정병두 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1984 學術論文集 Vol.13 No.-

이온 주입이 일함수 차이에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 낮은 에너지 이온 가속기, 전자총과 기타 일함수 차이를 측정하기 위한 장치를 설계, 제작하였다. 제작된 이온 가속기의 집속 특성은 이론적인 값과 일치하였다. 즉, 집속 렌즈의 확대율이 이론값은 2.0인데 비하여 1.2로 상당히 작은 값이었다. 또한 집속 렌즈의 전압 V_L과 추출 전압 V_e에 의한 집속 특성 역시 이론값과 매우 잘 일치하였다 . 제작된 장치를 사용하여 다결정 Cu와 Ni의 일함수 차이를 측정한 결과 0.45eV임을 알았다. 그리고 전자선을 이용하여 억제 전위차로 일함수를 측정할때 입사 전자의 반사율을 고려해야 함을 알았다. Low energy ion accelerator, electron gun, and apparatus for measuring work function difference are designed and constructed in order to study the effect of ion implantation on the work function. The focusing properties of accelerator is coincided with theoretical results; the magnification of Einzel lens is found to be 1.2, while theoretical value is 2.0, and the focal properties as a function of V_L/V_e are in good agreement with theory. Using these systems, the work function difference between polycrystalline Cu and Ni is found to be 0.45eV, and the experimental retarding potential plots indicate close agreement with the theoretical values modified by electron reflection.

日刊스포츠 新聞 머리記事에 關한 分析(Ⅲ) : 第5581號~6180號 中心으로 Centered on Papers from No. 5,81 to No. 6180

金柄斗 慶北大學校 體育科學硏究所 1989 체육과학연구지 Vol.5 No.-

Now, the first publication of Daily Sport has become 20 years. on this time, the head reports from No. 1(1969. 9. 26) to No. 6180(1989. 10. 18) of the "Daily Sports" was analysed according to the kinds of sports the results are as follows ; Baseball ; 1,866 times(30.35) 12,029 culumns(28.51%) Football ; 1,437 times(23.37) 9,608 culumns(22.77%) The other ; 625 times(10.16) 4,481 culumns(10.62%) Basketball ; 582 times(9.46) 4,377 culumns(10.37%) Boxing ; 437 times(7.10) 3,039 culumns(7.20%) Valleyball ; 365 times(5.93) 2,734 culumns(6.48%) Track & Field ; 230 times(3.74) 1,670 culumns(3.95%) Table Tennis ; 156 times(2.53) 1,174 culumns(2.78%) Winter sports ; 135 times(2.19) 945 culumns(2.23%) Swimming ; 47 times(0.76) 348 culumns(0.82%) Tennis ; 42 times(0.68) 302 culumns(0.71%) Ski ; 32 times(0.52) 233 culumns(0.55%) Wrestling ; 27 times(0.43) 170 culumns(0.40%) Archery ; 24 times(0.39) 158 culumns(0.37%) Judo ; 23 times(0.37) 147 culumns(0.34%) Shooting ; 20 times(0.32) 140 culumns(0.33%) Ssirum ; 17 times(0.27) 89 culumns(0.21%) Weight lifting ; 16 times(0.26) 118 culumns(0.27%) Taekwondo ; 14 times(0.22) 94 culumns(0.22%) Golf ; 9 times(0.14) 63 culumns(0.14%) Cycle; 9 times(0.14) 55 culumns(0.13%) Mounteering ; 8 times(0.13) 53 culumns(0.12%) Rugby football ; 6 times(0.09) 43 culumns(0.10%) Handball ; 6 times(0.09) 38 culumns(0.09%) Badminton ; 5 times(0.08) 32 culumns(0.07%) Gymnastics ; 3 times(0.04) 18 culumns(0.04%) Hockey ; 2 times(0.03) 14 culumns(0.03%) Horse riding ; 1 times(0.01) 5 culumns(0.01%) Ice hockey ; 1 times(0.01) 6 culumns(0.01%)

社會體育振興을 위한 國民意識 再考方案

金柄斗,蔡鴻遠,安禹洪,李敏炯,申榮吉,金基學,鄭相澤,林銖遠 慶北大學校 體育科學硏究所 1987 체육과학연구지 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyze the nation's consciousness about the social physical education by regional groups(big cityes, middle cityes, farm village, fishing villge). And the researchers are to find a way to populize this movement. These subjects for this investigation were chosen at random among the citizens in four region. 4,450 sheets of questionnaire were given to the citizen. And 3,587(81%) sheets of them were received from male(2,582) and female(975) citizens. The results of this investigation are as follows: 1. The nation's consciousness has not been still modernized and the nation tend to depend on their doctors rather than on the new active leisure sports, which is a passive and conventional way, to keep their health. 2. Most people have spent their leisures on nonactive hobby such as reading, listening to music, and watching TV rather than sports. 3. Most residents pointed out lack of facilities, and needed professional directors and various programs they could participate. 4. The opening of citizen athletic field and the gymnasiums to citizens was needed to recruit the lack of facility, and the participation to commercial sport ws differed by economical status and leisure time, however, they usually participated such activities as table-tennis, swimning and tennis. 5. To activate social physical education, first of all, an expansion of the facilities such as athletic fields and gymnasium is needed under the active support of government. 6. The facilities for young men and the handicapped is insufficient, and to prevent juvenile delinquency and guide them into the right way, we should lead them out to participate sports activity. And the facility for the handicapped is needed too.

대구치에서 회전식 NiTi file의 수명과 파절양상

김진우,안병두,박세희,신혜진,조경모 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.3

Intracanal separation of the rotary files is a serious concern in modern endodontic practice. The objective of this study was to compare the life span and fracture patterns of three NiTi rotary files in molar teeth. Mesiobuccal roots of upper molar (n = 150) and mesial roots of lower molar (n = 150) were divided into three groups and each group was prepared with Profile, ProTaper, and K3 respectively. Every file was used until separation and/or deterioration of the cutting blade was happened, and then the number of canals to separation and/or unwinding were recorded. Radiographs and Scanning electon microscope (SEM) photographs were taken to evaluate the patterns of separation. The results were as follows: 1. There were no significant differences in numbers of canals to separation and/or unwinding among the groups. 2. Comparing between flaring files, K3 showed significant lower numbers of canals to separation and/or unwinding (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between shaping files 3. Separations of instruments were occurred at the midpoint of curvatures within the canals 4. In SEM observations, ductile fractures were seen in most of cases, characterized by shallow dimples. Additional researches is needed to provide a new guideline that informs the appropriate number of times to use NiTi files. 회전식 NiTi file은쉽게 파절되는 단점이 있으나 이에 대한 연구는 아직 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 회전식 NiTi file을 이용해 실제 치아에서 근관을 형성하고, 이 때 발생하는 파절 및 변형을 연구, 분석하였다. 상악 대구치의 근심협측 치근 (n = 150)과 하악 대구치의 근심치근 (n = 150)을 실험대상으로 하여 Profile, ProTaper 및 K3로 각각 근관형성 하였다. 각 file은 파절되거나 변형이 생길 때까지 계속하여 사용한 다음 그 사용횟수를 기록하였다. 파절의 양상을 관찰하기 위해 방사선 및 주사현미경 사진을 촬영하였다. 1 세 군간의 유의할만한 사용횟수의 차이는 없었다. 2. Flaring file 간의 비교에서는 K3의 사용횟수가 통계적으로 유의성 있게 적었으며 (p < 0.05), shaping file 간에는 유의할만한 차이가 없었다. 3, 회전식 NiTi file의 파절은 근관의 최대 만곡부에서 발생하였다. 4. 주사전자현미경으로 파절면을 관찰한 결과 연성파괴의 전형적인 양상인 얕은 딤플이 관찰되었다. 일반적으로 회전식 NiTi file의 평균 사용횟수는 제조회사의 사용지침보다는 길었으며, NiTi file의 수명에 대한 새로운 사용지침을 만들기 위한 부가적인 연구가 있어야 되리라 사료된다.

Leadership 이 미치는 影響

金柄斗 慶北大學校 師範大學 1983 體育學會誌 Vol.10 No.-

1. The leader should properly motivate the students to do their best as possible as they can. 2. The leader should not only pursuit the aim of group but considerate students, and also try to unite them. 3. The leader should not carry out the tasks of group according to a regular type, but guide the group according to the aim of the group, human & material resources, and the question of time & space and other factors.