정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

韓國과 日本에 있어서의 學校外敎育에 關한 比較敎育人類學的 考察

朴俊熙 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1982 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.40 No.-

Out-of-school education(Kwaaekongbu) has, for many years, provoked serious and concentrative efforts among teachers, educational administrators, parents, and community leaders. as one of the serious social problems of Korea and Japan, However, past efforts have been hampered by lack of "attractive devices;" hence, it has been studied from the standpoint of "normal educational development." It is, therefore, an area of study that should be deeply examined from the standpoint of comparative and educational anthropology from which "devices" can be proposed. Actually, there are many similar phenomena concerning out-of-school educational activities in Korea and Japan. The similarities in terms of national character and the attitudes toward the western influence between Korea and Japan are the reason why such phenomena would be occurred in relation to their out-of-school educational activities. As we understand, there are no so serious social problem surrounding out-of-school educational activities, in the developed countries, especially regarding entrance to uppergrade school. It is point that there lies a significant difference of the comparative educational activities between the "developed countries" and Japan and Korea. This is the reason why deeper investigation must be made to understand more fully, the anthropological and comparative factors of "out-of school" education. The results from this study took into account the deeply rooted cultural traditions, ways of thinking, and the national character which is based upon the confuscioustic patterns of life. However, there numerous "devices" from the standpoint of short term plans but few "devices" from a long term point of view. In Korea there have been a number of discussions and studies addressing this problem from the standpoint of the national policy of education. However, these discussions were genualy short term, phenomenological, and were not from a cultural, historical and anthropological point of view. Comparatively, Korea has addressed this problem in greater detail than in Japan. Moreover, Korea has taken positive steps toward rectifying the problem; however, Japan still lacks a genual policy. Moveover, both activities have experienced great difficulties to solve this problem because fundamental considerations were not introduced. However, it can be expected that the problem can be solved from the standpoint of educational anthropology. In otherwords, it is not an administrative and political problem but a greater problem of eduoational anthropology.

바이러스 프로그램에 대한 백신의 치료기법에 관한 연구

박준호,채선희 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.3 No.2(C)

인터넷의 급속한 확산과 네트워크 상에 접속된 대량의 컴퓨터 프로그램개발 보급이 확대되면서 바이러스의 감염이 빈번하고 그 대응책인 백신에 대한 필요성이 절실하다. 본 논문에서는 여러 가지 바이러스 영역에서 메모리 상주 바이러스 종류와 특징, 동작방식 및 증상을 분석하였고 백신 프로그램이 바이러스를 치료하는 기법을 고찰하였다.

Pristinamycin(Pyostacine®)의 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae 임상균주에 대한 시험관내 항균력

박정원,송준영,김철현,정희진,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.4

목적 : 국내 및 전세계적으로 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae(PRSP), β-lactamase 생성 H. influenzae 등의 항균제 내성 감염증이 증가되고, 이에 대한 효과적인 항생제 요법에 대한 필요성이 증가되고 있다. Streptogramin 계열의 경구 항생제인 pristinamycin의 임상검체에서 분리된 균주에 대한 시험관내 항균력을 검사함으로서 이러한 감염증에 대한 임상적 사용의 유용성여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1999년 8월1일부터 2000년 1월 1일까지 호흡기 감염, 피부 및 연조직 감염환자로부터 분리된 MRSA 60주, PRSP 50주, H. influenzae 40주를 대상으로 pristinamycin을 비롯한 8-9종 항생제의 시험관내 항균제 감수성을 측정하였다. 결과 : Pristinamycin은 MRSA에 대한 MIC 범위가 0.125-1㎎/L로서 100%의 감수성을, PRSP에 대한 MIC 범위가 0.125-1㎎/L로서 100%의 감수성을, β-lactamase를 생성하는 H. influenzae에 대해서도 MIC 범위가 0.25-2㎎/L, 96% 감수성으로서 다른 항생제들에 비하여 우수한 시험관내 항균력을 나타내었다. 결론 : 국내에서 문제가 되고 있는 MRSA, PRSP, β-lactamase 생성 H. influenzae에 대하여 pristinamycin은 우수한 시험관내 항균력을 나타내어, 이들 항생제 내성균들에 의한 감염증의 치료에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background: Pristinamycin(Pyostacine®) is a natural antibacterial combination of compounds Produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. It has been marketed in European countries over 30 years as an oral anti-stphyhcoocal agent. Because of the increasing prevalence microorganisms that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents in Korea. there are demand of noble antibiotics like pristinamycin against these resistant organissms. Methods The one-hundred and fifity bacterial strains which were collected from Korea University Guro hospital included sixty methicillin-resistant S. aurous (MRSA) , fifty penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) and forty H. infuenzae clinical isolates. Using an microbroth dilution or agar dilution technique, we compared the antimicrobial activities of pristinamycin and other usual antibiotics against the studmicroorganisms. Results: All sixty MRSA strains were multiply resistant to other antimicrobial agents, but 100% of MRSA strains were susceptible to pristinamycin (MIC range: 0.125-1㎎/L). All of fifty PRSP strains were multiple resistant to other antimicrobial agents but 100% PRSP strains were susceptible to pristinamycin (MIC range: 0.125-1㎎/L). Twenty-seven strains of forty H. influenzae strains were β-lactamase positive, and 95% (38/40) of H. influenzae strains were susceptible to prisitinamycin (MICrange : 0.015-4㎎/L) . Conclusion : Pristinamycin demonstrated the highly active. in vitro antimicrobial activities against MRSA. PRSP. and H.influenzae isolated so it might be an effective oral therapeutic agent for treating patients with mild infection due to those organisms or on the outpatient setting.

아동 무용활동이 생활성취도에 미치는 영향

박준희 韓國舞踊敎育學會 1998 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

The aim of this study is to find influence of children's participation in dance on their life achievement including character property and life in school. The study is of three groups, experimental group 60, control group 60 and observer group(60 parents of the students) and they responded to my questionnaire on 2 parts including 7 scales. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The experimental group. 1) Their increased mean scores for character property are as follows : stability 2.16, positiveness 1.74, sociality 2.51, responsibiltity 1.24, and self-confidence 2.68. This results show that children's participation in sports have positive effects, especially for self confidence sociality, stability and positiveness. 2) Their increased mean scores for life in school are as follows : adaptation to life in school, 1.60, satisfaction with study in school, 0.49. This results show that children's participation in dance have positive effects to adaptation to life in school, but their is little effect in satisfaction with study in school. 2. The observer group. Their increased mean scores are as follows" Character property part(stability 2.52, positiveness, 1.96, sociality, 1.98, responsibility, 0.92, and self-confidence, 1.75.) Life in school part(adaptation to life in school 1.51, satisfaction with study in school 1.09). The result show that children's participation in dance have good effect to character property and life in school.

사과의 溫水處理와 그 果汁抽出에 關한 硏究

朴埈熙 慶北專門大學 (영주경상전문대학) 1979 慶北專門大學 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

사과를 75°C의 溫水中에 약 1시간 浸漬하고 8조각으로 잘라서 서서히 압착하면 당 등의 저분자 성분을 물과 함께 細胞膜璧을 通過해서 배출되어 지고 醒素및 蛋白質 등의 고분자 성분은 그데로 남는다. 따라서 이 방법 으로 얻어진 사과果汁은 最初부터 透明度가 높고 또 방치 하여도 褐變化 되지 않았으며 더욱이 향기가 특히 좋았다. When a whole apple was steeped in hot water at 75˚C for one hour, it was capable to discharge effectively the transparent juice under a moderate pressure and also the juice was prevented from browning reactions. The facts seemed to come from such reasons as those found in sweet potato, previously reported; that is, some parts of bound water in the cells were librated and also the membrane systems were altered in their permeability. Accordingly, by squeezing, low molecular components were excluded with water passing through the membrane systems, but high molecular ones such as enzymes related to browning reaction were apt to remain in the pressed cakes.

대구지역 우수의 수소이온농도에 관한 연구(Ⅰ)

박영해,최준호 영남이공대학 1998 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the rain acidity(pH) and air qualities in the Taegu area. The datum of rain acidity(pH) and air qualities were collected from in the Taegu office of the Korea Environmental Agency. In Taegu area, the concentrations of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and total suspended particulates were obviously decreased in recent years. These phenomenons were corresponded with the increasement of clean fuel such as. LNG and LPG. But the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone were increased by the photochemical reaction and exceeded mobiles. The rain acidity(pH) in the Taegu was not serious problem, and the relationship between the concentrations of air pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and rain acidity(pH) have no relation. It was considered that suspended particulates and cation, such as K^+, Na^+, Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+) and NH₄^+ were reacted as neutralizers in acid rain.

한국무용 참가동기와 생활만족의 구조방정식 모형 분석

박준희,정혜선 朝鮮大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 2005 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This study was to analyze the life satisfaction by korean dance participation's motivation. Specifically. this study was to test relationship among, participation motivation, active satisfaction and life satisfaction. The subjects(N=191) were selected in highschool and university located at Kwangju province by convenience random sampling. This study organized a self-administration reporting questionaire which was named<The survey on the life satisfaction by korean dance participation's motivation>. The result of reliability about questionaire was Chronbach' a=.758-902. The reliability analysis and SEM were used as statistic analysis techniques. On the basis of the results, the conclusions were drawn as follows; First. There was a signfticant influence between outer participating motivation and active satisfaction. Second, There was a significant influence between active satisfaction and life satisfaction. Third, the model which was generally coincided on X^(2) = 145.701 (P=.000), RMSEA = .073, TLI = .939, NFI = .910, CFI = .952, explained adequate relationship among korean dance participation's motivation, active satisfaction and life satisfaction.

自由中國 就學前 敎育政策 樹立過程의 敎育人類學的 理解

朴俊熙 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1981 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.38 No.-

In the late of the 18th century, the Republic of China was becoming aware of necessity for educational modernization with concern in the educational system, facility, materials and the methods of teaching. Also, she tried to reorganize and change from the traditional situation to the modernized European nations models for the making the so-called developed and modernized one. The purpose of the transition from the traditional situations of education to modernized, was to assure that she was going to make her country a new nation through education. First of all, for the accomplishment of the purpose, she tried to study the educational systems, facilities, materials and methods of teaching of the advanced countries like England, France, Germany and America. Then she tried to reorganize the educational system of her own country and at the same time, she never has forgotten but rather as an informal or very fundamental education in relation to home education in early childhood, especially and traditional carried out by herself from the ancient. Therefore, the present educational system which she has developed is mostly, in its frame, imitated from the systems of advanced countries. And so, nowadays the pre-school education in the Republic of China has been well developed in comparison with the pre-school education of Korea and Japan. In Taiwan, for instance, the private pre-school education institution reaches almost one thousand and one-third in its ratio. This number and ratio shows a much more advanced situation in comparison with Korea and Japan in relation to the total population, the scale of the land and at the same time the wealth of those countries. The reason why and how she could make that development of the pre-school education and at the same time emphasize so much importance of its is very interesting from the standpoint of educational anthropology and so it might be deeply considered. Historically and culturally it can be classified into two categories, One is that is has come from the value of education the Chinese people have stressed due to their traditional Confucian way of thinking. The other is from the characteristics of the Chinese culture which they also has built based on the same way of life as follows; 1. Historically, from the first, most of the Chinese people have emphasized home education for children to promote the development of a nationalistic ethical idea and personality, and they thought of the home education as the foundation of the nationalistic development of the people. At the same time, they thought of the home education as the foundation of all kinds of educational systems and activities. 2. From the standpoint of the Chinese culture, there are these kinds characteristics: (1) The Chinese culture has both characteristics of conservativeness and innovativeness. (2) The Chinese personality is very continental and they could well accommodate foreign culture or values without feeling any anxiety about it. (3) The Chinese language is, in its structure from the standpoint of grammar, very similar to the western language and thus they have similar ways of thinking. (4) The style of living of the Chinese people is also similar, in many ways, to the style of western people. (5) The Chinese people are excellent in their economic idea for the making of the wealth for their living and at the same time their skills for their commercial activities in their personality.

계층적인 탐색점 배치와 화소 간축을 이용한 움직임 추정 기법

박준호,류명춘,김준한,김신희 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.1 No.1(B)

In motion estimation of moving pictures compression, fast block matching method using hierarchical search point displace and the pixel decimation is supposed. The method is based on TSS(Three step Search) method and pixel decimation. This method improves image quality and local minima by increasing search points, but operation counts that resulted from increasing search points are reduced by the pixel decimation method. So, the method can improve image quality and operation counts are nearly the same with TSS. MP@ML video is simulated by this method, which shows good results compared with TSS.