Application of Artificial Insemination Technology for Dairy Breeding in Mongolia

Hyun‐Tae Jo,Jong‐In Jin,Seong‐Su Kim,Byung‐Hyun Choi,Tumor Baldan,Jung‐Gyu Lee,Yun‐Shik Kim,Sam‐Churl Kim,Il‐Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

This study was focused on improvement of milk production in Mongolia dairy industry by artificial insemination (AI) technology, of which was supported from ODA project of KOICA in Republic of Korea. The study was started from January 2009 to present and 3rd years in this year. So, all data, especially synchronization and pregnancy of dairy cows (Holstein) will be summarized in final result in this year. For synchronization, total 81 dairy cows selected from 4 private farms that were 38, 30, 8 and 5 in Undarmal milk, Onjin (Enkhbayer), Jargalant, and BRM School, respectively. All the dairy cows were injected intramuscular (IM) of 5 ml PGF2α in the vulva and detected estrus 2 to 3 days after PGF2α injection. Total 78 out of 81 dairy cows (96.3%) were detected estrus by only 1 time injection of PGF2α. The dairy cows that were induced estrus, inseminated with 0.5 ml dairy frozen semen by conventional AI techniques. The pregnancy diagnosis of the AI dairy cows was detected by uterus palpation after 60 days of insemination. Total 75 from 78 inseminated dairy cows (90.1%) were diagnosis pregnant. The estrus induction and pregnant rate were very effective using PGF2α injection and conventional AI techniques in Mongolia dairy cow. The results indicated that AI after estrus induction in Mongolia dairy cows could be applied to dairy breeding technology to improve the breeding efficiency and milk production.

Skeleton디자인이 적용된 제품디자인의 잠재적 가능성에 관한 연구 : 반투명 생활용품을 중심으로

윤현노,김영수 한국디자인과학학회 1999 디자인과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

현재 지구상에는 수많은 종류의 제품들이 있다. 처음 선사시대의 각종 도구들은 돌과 나무를 사용하여 제작한 원시여인도구에서 출발하여 짐승이나 자연으로부터의 위협과 같은 인간의 생존을 위해 제작되었다. 그러나 현재 인간의 생활이 점차 다변화되고 분업화 되어가며 한가지 기능성에 충실한 제품보다는 기능성을 비롯한 여러 가지 요소로 사람의 심리를 자극하는 부가적 성질을 갖게 되었다. 또한 재료와 기술의 다양화는 곧바로 우리 생활주변의 생활도구들의 다양화를 가져다주었고, 점점 제품 고유의 조형미를 갖는 제품들이 조금씩 늘어날 수 있게 하였다. 따라서 단순 기능성에 충실한 기계화된 디자인에서 이제는 사용자와의 거리를 최소화하는 감성적인 디자인으로 바뀌어 가고 있는 것이다. 제품의 단순 기능 수행의 기능성 외에 제품은 사용함에 있어 직접 사용하는 사용자에게 까지도 시각적, 촉각적, 기능여인 제품 자체만의 유희적인 요소가 같이 주어질 수 있는 제품들이 이제는 점점 두각을 나타내고 있는 것이다. 이런 제품디자인의 차별적인 요소들 중의 하나가 바로 반투명 디자인(Skeleton Design)이라 불리는 디자인이다. 지금까지 제품 내부의 기계구조를 보여주지 않기 위해 제품을 포장했다면 이제는 제품의 보이지 않았던 부분까지 사용자들에게 모두 보여 줌으로써 제품을 감각기관을 통해 직접 느끼며 사용자로 하여금 흥미와 재미를 느끼게 하고 있다. 따라서 단순한 기능만은 위한 제품이 아닌 기계 미학적 아름다움과 제품자체의 즐거움을 가져다 즐 수 있는 기능이 부여될 수 있는 것이다. Currently, there are hundred kinds of product on earth. In Prehistoric age, various tools, starting from very primitive tools made of roofs and woods at the beginning, were used to protect human race from the animals and environment. But now because the human life became more diversified and specialized, products not only needs to be devoted to one function but also needs additional quality that has various elements to excite human mind. Diversification in materials and technology has directly brought diversification of living tools for living environment and increase in number of products that possess its own unique form. Products, therefore, are changing from mechanized design devoted to simple function to sensitive design that minimizes their distance from the user Products that net only have their simple function performing functionality but gives the user In using the product, its own unique visual, tactual, and functional element, are coming to the fore everyday. One of these distinguishing elements is a design called the Skeleton Design. So far, products was wrapped to hide their Internal mechanical structure of the product, but now products, by displaying ever the parts that were not visible before, are providing users the feeling of interest are pleasure. Therefore, products not only have a simple function but they can also have a function that gives mechanical artistic beauty and pleasure.

腰痛에 對한 東醫學的 病理 및 臨床治療(I)

尹汝忠,鄭遇悅,羅昌洙,鄭鉉雨 대한동의병리학회 1996 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.10 No.2

현재 인류의 60% - 80%가 腰痛을 앓고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 腰痛을 치료하기 위하여 《黃帝內徑》 이래 많은 醫家들과 현재의 臨床家들이 다방면의 治療療法 개발 및 臨床例들을 보고하고 있으나, 아직까지도 대다수의 국민들이 腰痛을 호소하고 있다. 이에 본 연구자들은 이러한 腰痛에 대한 病因, 病機 및 治法들을 연구하여 臨床家들에게 조금이나마 도움이 되었으면 하여 보고하게 되었다. 東西醫學的으로 腰痛의 개념을 정립하고, 《東醫寶鑑》에 準하여 腰痛의 種類, 腰痛의 原因 및 病理機轉, 또한 病程에 따른 東西醫學的인 分類, 治療方法, 治療藥物, 그리고 攝生과 豫防法에 대하여 정리하였다. 腰痛의 原因으로는 寒濕과 房營傷이 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로는 風熱, 營養缺乏, 慢性疾患등이 있었으며, 病理機轉으로는 嗜慾勞傷, 挫閃跌墜등이 있었다. 그리고 十種腰痛과 卒腰痛, 久腰痛으로 분류하여 溫補腎陽, 行氣活血 등의 治法들을 사용하였다. 西醫學的으로는 急性 腰部捻挫, 慢性腰部捻挫, 椎間板脫出症등으로 大別되며, 이러한 腰痛을 예방하기 위하여서는 좋은 자세를 유지하는 것이 가장 중요하다. Lumbago is painess of lumbar region or lower limb, and this disease is classified backache, lumbosacral pain, lumbocrural pain. Lumbage is very common, with up to 60% to 80% of population, this disease is one of a lots painess giving on population. The resul of study on lumbago's agent, pathogenesis, symptoms of disease, principle of treatment, and therapy were as follows : 1. Agents of lombago were cool-dampness pathogenic factor, sexual strain, and wind-heat pathogenic factor, hypoalimemtation, chronic disease etc. 2. Pathogenesises of lombago were six climatic, seven emotions, internal injury caused by overstrain, sprain etc. 3. In Oriental medicine, symptoms of lumbago were lumbago due to the kidney deficiency, lumbago due to retention of phlegm, lumbago due to retention of food, lumbago due to blood stasis, lumbago due to pathogen, lumbago due to cool pathogen etc. 4. In Western medicine, symptoms of lumbago were acute lumba muscle strain, chronic lumba muscle strain, disc etc. 5. Principles of treatment of lumbago were promoting flow of qi(氣) and blood circulation, warming and recuperating the kidney-yang(陽) etc. 6. Therapies of lumbago were acupuncture, medicayion, electrotherapy, chiroplatic, coll and heat therapy etc. 7. Herbs were radix achyranthis, caulis cistanchis, cornu cervi parvum, cornu cervi, cortex eucommiae, semen cuscutae, semen psoraleae etc. 8. In order to prevent lumbago, the best priciple is maintain good attitude.

Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 Glucanhydrolase 함유 용액의 치은 섬유아세표에 대한 영향

윤현정,정현주,김옥수,김도만 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.3

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has additional amylase activity besides mutanolytic activity and has been suggested as promising anti-plaque agent. It has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanllydrolase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. In human experimental gingivitis model and 6month clinical trial. mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effect was negligible. This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase on human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts at the 4th to 6th passages were used. Glucanhydrolase solution was made from lyophilized glucanhydrolase powder from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 solved in PBS and added to DMEM to the final concentration of 0.5, 1, and 2unit. Cells were exposed to glucanhydrolase solution or 0.1% chlorhexidine and the cells cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics as control. After exposure, the morphological change, cell attachmcnt. and cell activity by MTT assay were evaluated in 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 24 hours after treatment. The cell proliferation and cell activity was also evaluated at 2 and 7days after Iminute exposure, twice a day. The cell morphology was similar between the Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanllydrolase groups and control group during the incubation periods. while most fibroblasts remained as round cell regardless of incubation time in the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the attached cells in the glucanhydrolase groups were comparable to that of control and significantly higher than the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the proliferated cells in the glucanhydrolase groups at 7 days of incubation were comparable to the control group and higher than the chlorhexidine group. The cell activity in glucanhydrolase groups paralleled with the increased cell number by attachment and proliferation. According to these results, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase has little harmful effect on attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts, in contrast to 0.1% chlorhexidine which was cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is considered as a safe and promising agent for new mouthwash formula in the near future.

鷄肉의 乾燥方法에 따른 組織學的 變化에 關한 硏究

윤정의,오현근,이수한 서울保健大學 1989 論文集 Vol.9 No.1

비만을 동반한 위암 환자에서 두 병을 같이 수술 치료한 경험(증례)

최경현,윤기영,문형환,신연명,서경원,안수미,송윤미,석정희,정경연,이은하 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.3

Obesity is growing problem in Korea. We had a case of bariatric surgery during gastric cancer operation. Patient was 29 year old Korean lady with early gastric cancer located in the lesser curvature side of the middle 1/3 of the stomach. Her body weight was 89 kg, height 163 cm, and thus body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2. Preoperative blood pressure was 130/90 mmHg, hemoglobin 12.9 g/dL, total lymphocyte count 3,280/mL, serum albumin 4.3 g/dL, CEA 1.1 ng/mL, CA 19-9 9.1 ng/mL, and alpha fetoprotein 2 ng/mL. Another associated disease was right thyroid follicular neoplasm. The chest X-ray was normal. After IM injection of 2,500 units of heparin 30 minutes before the induction of general anesthesia, she received curative subtotal gastrectomy and Roux en Y gastrojejunostomy when a malabsorption loop of 120 cm jejunum was incorporated between the Treitz ligament and the end to side jejuno-jejunostmy site at May 29th 2006. Her postoperative course was uneventful except a minor wound seroma and the elevations of serum amylase(up to 4 folds) and lipase(up to 2 folds). She lost her body weight 9 kg in 5th, 21 kg in 7th, and 27 kg in 10th postoperative months to became 61.5 kg. On follow up exams in July 2008, she gained 4 kg to overcome her weakness and fatigue. From the above result, the incorporation of a malabsorption loop during reconstruction phase of gastric cancer operation was a good option for obese gastric cancer patients especially in cases of early gastric cancer.

뇌졸중 후 중추성 통증 환자에 대한 동서협진이 진통과 재활에 미치는 영향

이현종,김수영,이상훈,서동민,이두익,김건식,이재동,이윤호,양형인,박재경,최도영 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Purpose : In order to study the effectiveness of East-West pain treatment on central poststroke pain(CPSP), we evaluated its effect on alleviation of pain and rehabilitation of CPSP Patients who were treated with electroacupuncture and west pain treatment for four weeks. Methods : Twenty four patients diagnosed by their pain characteristics of central pain from stroke were treated with sympathetic nerve block, gabapentin, amitriptyline, and electroacupuncture for four weeks. Pain intensity through the visual analogue scale(VAS), and improvements of mobility and rehabilitation through the modified Barthel index(MBI) and Rankin scale(RS), respectively, before and after pain treatment were also assessed. Results : VAS pain scores were significantly improved from 7.7±1.7 to 4.4±2.0 with pain treatment(p<0.05). In accordance with improvement of pain scores, RS and MBI scores were also improved from 2.88±0.95 to 2.13± 1.01 and from 83.0± 16.9 to 94.7±9.5(p<0.05), respectively, with pain treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions : It was suggested that the active pain treatment was contributed to the rehabilitation of CPSP patients, resulting in improvement of quality of life of CPSP patients. Futhermore, East pain treatment in combination with West pain treatment may be useful modality to alleviate CPSP.

입원 환자 영양검색 전산 프로그램 개발

안수미,윤기영,신연명,최경현,임근승,장문경,송윤미,공은희 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.2

Background : About 30% of patients in the hospital are under nourishment. A large portion of people are undernourished when they are admitted to the hospital and in the majority of these, undernutrition develops further while in hospital. Patient-Generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA), a method of nutritional assessment based on clinical judgment, has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of adults for both clinical and research purposes. Modified PG-SGA can be used as a nutrition screening tool, and a comprehensive nutrition assessment is desirable for those who are malnourished. The purpose of this study is to develop a simple, reliable and valid nutrition screening program(NSP). Methods : We applied the nutrition screening program(NSP) to adult inpatients who are at risk of malnutrition using the Modified Patient-Generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA) and objective assessment(electrical medical record data). Results : Therefore simple and beneficial NSP is developed for patients with severe malnutrition. Using NSP. nutritional information of the severe malnutrition patient should be shared with the physicians and they should be taken care of by clinical dietitians to improve their nutritional status. Conclusion : The Modified PG-SGA and nutrition screening tool are simple, reliable and valid nutrition screening program(NSP).

치과용 심미 수복 재료들의 색상 연구를 통한 새로운 치과용 색체계의 제안

오윤정,박수정,김동준,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 새로운 치과용 색체계 개발을 목적으로 현재 치과에서 사용되고 있는 Vita shade를 사용하는 9 제조사의 12종의 광중합형 복합레진과 1종의 치과용 도재의 색상을 diffuse/8° 수광 방식을 사용하는 분광색체계 (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA)를 이용해 D65 표준광과 10도 관찰자 시야 하에서 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) 값을 측정하고 색상 범위를 분석하였다. 분석한 정보를 color sorting system을 응용한 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 색상 표현 방식인 T###에 치과용 수복 재료들의 범위를 적용하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 측정된 L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)값의 분포를 분석해 보면 L^(*)값은 80.40과 52.70 사이에, a^(*)값은 10.60과-3.60 사이에, 그리고 b^(*)값은 28.40과 2.21 사이에 분포한다. L^(*)값의 평균값은 67.40, 중앙값은 67.30이며, a^(*)값은 2.89와 2.91, b^(*)값은 14.30 과 13.90 이다. 이러한 분석을 토대로 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 T###의 첫 번째 숫자에 해당하는 L^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2.0으로, 그리고 2번째 숫자인 a^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 1, 그리고 세 번째 숫자인 b^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2로 정하였다. T555에 해당하는 L^(*)값의 범위는 66.0이상, 68.0미만으로, a^(*)값의 범위는 3이상 4미만으로, b^(*)값의 범위는 14이상 16미만으로 결정하였다. The purpose of this study is to develope new dental color-space system. Twelve kinds of dental composites and one kind of dental porcelain were used in this study. Disk samples (15 ㎜ in diameter, 4 ㎜ in thickness) of used materials were made and sample’s CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) value was measured by Spectrocolorimeter (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, diffuse/8° viewing mode, 14.3 ㎜ Port diameters, Hunter Lab. USA). The range of measured color distribution was analyzed. All the data were applied in the form of T### which is expression unit in CNU Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L^(*) lies between 80.40 and 52.70. The value of a^(*) are between 10.60 and 3.60 and b^(*) are between 28.40 and 2.21. The average value of L^(*) is 67.40, and median value is 67.30. The value of a^(*) are 2.89 and 2.91 respectively. And for the b^(*), 14.30 and 13.90 were obtained. The data were converted to T### that is the unit count system in CNU-Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L^(*) is converted in the first digit of the numbering system. Each unit is 2.0 measured values. The second digit is the value of a^(*) and is converted new number by 1.0 measured value. For the third digit b^(*) is replaced and it is 2.0 measured unit apart. T555 was set to the value of L^(*) ranging from 66.0 to 68.0, value of a^(*) ranging from 3 to 4 and b^(*) value ranging from 14 to 16.

편두통 환자의 임상 양상 및 생체전기 자율반응과의 상관성 고찰

이현종,정인태,김수영,이두익,김건식,이재동,이윤호,최도영 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Objective : We had a clinical report in headache but didn't in migraine. We have planned this study in order to get the basic data of migraine in oriental medicine. Methods : The patient of 36 in migraine checked sec, age, onset, family history, severity of pain, influences of life, induced cause, clinical pain characteristics, associated symptom, treatment style, and paescription, frequency, using period of analgesics by a questionnaire and differentiated syndromes in migraine and evaluated autonomic bioelectric response recorder(ABR-2000). Results : There are 23.4% in prevalence rate of migraine. The ratio of sex is M: F=1:17. The age of an attack is the highest in thirties. The patient are the most in forties. The mean duration of illness is 12.0±9.9 years. 83.4% had a family history. 61.1% had a moderate grade in severity of pain. 77.8% selected fatigue in induced cause of migraine. 69.4% had tingling sense, nausea and vomiting in the associated symptoms. 91.7% used analgesics for treatment and 51.5% of them used analgesics voluntarily. 61.9% of them take analgesics less than once in a week. 33.6% had the phlegm syncope headache in differentiation of syndrome. In ABR-2000 results, item of graph showed low tendency mostly. Conclusions : We expected that this re port of clinical progress, differentiation of syndromes and ABR-2000 results in migraine would be used basic data by oriental medicine to treat migraine.