Crude extract of Ceriporia lacerata has a protective effect on dexamethasone-induced cytotoxicity in INS-1 cells via the modulation of PI3K/PKB activity.

Kim, Ji-Hye,Park, Yu-Kyoung,Kim, Ji-Eun,Lee, Sam-Pin,Kim, Byoung-Cheon,Jang, Byeong-Churl D.A. Spandidos 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.32 No.1

<P>Excessive and/or long-term glucocorticoid therapy reduces β-cell mass and induces hyperglycemia, which contribute to the development of steroid?induced diabetes. Ceriporia (C.) lacerata is one of the white?rot fungi and has been used in bioremediations, such as lignocellulose degradation, in nature. The pharmacologic effect of C. lacerata on steroid-induced β-cell toxicity is not known. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a crude extract from a submerged cultivation of C. lacerata on the survival and apoptosis of INS-1 rat insulin-secreting cells exposed to dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic diabetogenic glucocorticoid. Treatment with the C. lacerata crude extract (CLCE) largely blocked the Dex-induced reduction in survival and apoptosis of INS-1 cells. Moreover, CLCE treatment inhibited Dex-induced protein kinase B (PKB) dephosphorylation without affecting Dex-induced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 dephosphorylation and MKP-1 upregulation. Importantly, the protective effect of CLCE on Dex-induced cytotoxicity in INS-1 cells was attenuated by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/PKB. CLCE treatment, however, did not protect the INS-1 cells from the cytotoxic effects triggered by other insults, such as interleukin-1β (an inflammatory cytokine), streptozotocin (a diabetogenic drug), thapsigargin (a calcium mobilizing agent), and tunicamycin (an ER stress inducer). Collectively, these findings demonstrate for the first time the ability of CLCE to specifically protect INS-1 cells from Dex-induced cytotoxicity through the modulation of the PI3K/PKB pathway. It is suggested that CLCE may be applied for the prevention and/or treatment of steroid diabetes in which reduction of β-cell survival and induction of β-cell apoptosis play pathogenic roles.</P>

Changes in Microbial Diversity, Methanogenesis and Fermentation Characteristics in the Rumen in Response to Medicinal Plant Extracts

Kim, Eun Tae,Moon, Yea Hwang,Min, Kwan-Sik,Kim, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Sam Churl,Ahn, Seung Kyu,Lee, Sung Sill Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.9

This study evaluated the in vitro effect of medicinal plant extracts on ruminal methanogenesis, four different groups of methanogens and ruminal fermentation characteristics. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Licorice and mugwort extracts (Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Artemisia capillaris, 0.5% and 1% of total substrate DM, respectively), previously used as folk remedies, were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with buffered-rumen fluid. Total gas production in Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment was not significantly different between treatments (p<0.05) while total gas production in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment was lower than that of the control. Artemisia capillaris extract and Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract reduced $CH_4$ emission by 14% (p<0.05) and 8% (p<0.05), respectively. Ciliate-associated methanogens population decreased by 18% in the medicinal plant extracts treatments. Medicinal plant extracts also affected the order Methanobacteriales community. Methanobacteriales diversity decreased by 35% in the Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment and 30% in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment. The order Methanomicrobiales population decreased by 50% in the 0.5% of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment. These findings demonstrate that medicinal plant extracts have the potential to inhibit in vitro ruminal methanogenesis.

Evaluation of Feed Value of Barley Fodder as an Alternative Feed Ingredient

Kim, Tae-Il,Mayakrishnan, Vijayakumar,Lim, Dong-Hyun,Lee, Hyun-Jeong,Son, Jun-Kyu,Kim, Yoon-Jeong,Choi, Hee-Chul,Shin, Jae-Hyeong,Park, Jong-Ho,Kim, Sam-Churl,Ki, Kwang-Seok The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2020 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.40 No.3

Barley is an important cereal gain which is traditionally used in some nations of Asia and North Africa, and there has been growing interest in using barley as an ingredient in food due to their nutritional value and high content of phyto-constituents. However, no study report on comparative feed value between sprouted barley, cornflake and alfalfa hay. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, amino acid profile and mineral content of 6 day sprouted barley fodder (SBF) compared with cornflake and alfalfa hay using by AOAC method, as an alternative feed ingredient. Results showed that SBF had higher content of crude protein, acid detergent insoluble crude proteins and neutral detergent insoluble crude protein than alfalfa hay and cornflake; cornflake had higher crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber content than SBF and alfalfa hay; alfalfa hay had higher crude fiber, crude ash, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and lignin level than SBF and cornflake. Also, significant differences were found on amino acid content among them (p<0.01). The most abundant amino acid in SBF was glutamate (123 g/kg DM), which is higher than in alfalfa hay (1.27%) or cornflake (1.58%). However, methionine (1.33%) and cysteine (1.53%) were the least abundant amino acids in SBF compared with cornflake or alfalfa hay. Furthermore, our study results exhibited that SBE comprise a good sources of minerals including ferrous (90.01 mg/kg) followed by zinc (20.50 mg/kg), magnesium (0.20 mg/kg) and sodium (0.03 mg/kg) as compared to cornflake and alfalfa hay. The present research findings, confirmed that the nutritional values of SBF are comparable to those of cornflake and alfalfa hay. Hence, SBF can be a better alternative feed ingredient for cornflake or alfalfa hay. However, feeding trials will be required to determine acceptability of SBF for ruminant production.

Effects of L. plantarum Application on Chemical Composition, Fermentation Indices and Fatty Acid Profiles of Barley Silage

Dong-Hyeon Kim,Sardar M. Amanullah,Hyuk-Jun Lee,Young-Ho Joo,Hee Yun,Seong-Shin Lee,Young-Min Song,Hoi-Yun Kim,Sam-Churl Kim 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2015 농업생명과학연구 Vol.49 No.5

This study was conducted to know effects of forage cutting height and inoculants application on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics and fatty acid profile of barley silage. Barley forage(Yuyeon hybrid) was harvested at two different cutting heights(5 vs. 15cm) and applied with or without Lactobacillus plantarum, and ensiled for 0, 2, 7, 28, 49 and 100days. On 0 to 49-d of ensiling, higher cutting height resulted rapid drop (p<0.05) in pH caused by higher lactate content. Crude protein (p<0.01) content of 100-d silage was decreased by inoculation, but increased by higher cutting height. However, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were decreased (p<0.05) by both inoculation and cutting height. In vitro dry matter digestibility was improved by higher cutting height (p=0.01), while yeast and mold counts were reduced (p<0.0001). The C18:3n-3 content in barley silage was decreased (p=0.001) by inoculation, but increased (p=0.034) by higher cutting height. The DNA analysis indicated L. plantarum dominating fermentation in inoculated silages. The results showed that higher cutting height can improve silage quality in terms of increasing crude protein content and digestibility as well as reducing yeast and mold counts in barley silage.

Effects of Dietary n-3/n-6 Fatty Acid Ratio on In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Fatty Acid Profiles

Dong-Hyeon Kim,Sadar M. Amanullah,Hee-Yoon,Hyuk-Jun Lee,Il-Keun Kong,Sam-Churl Kim,Kyu-Woan Cho,Sang-Bum Kim 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.3

This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary n-3/n-6 fatty acid (FA) ratio on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), fermentation indices and FA profile. Rice bran was mixed with oil sources (cotton seed oil and linseed oil) to make the diets at 0.02, 0.29 and 0.61 of dietary n-3/n-6 FA ratio. These diets (0.5g) were placed into the incubation bottles with 40 ml of anaerobic culture medium, which contained rumen fluid and Van Soest medium at 1:2 ratio. Five replicates of each diet and two blanks were incubated at 39℃ for 48 hours. After incubation, the incubated contents were centrifuged. The residues were freeze-dried for DMD and FA analyses. The supernatant was used for pH, NH3-N and volatile fatty acid analyses. The concentrations of lactate (p<0.001) and iso-valerate (p<0.001) decreased linearly with increasing dietary n-3/n-6 FA ratio, but acetate concentration (p=0.056) and the ratio of acetate to propionate (p=0.005) was increased linearly. The concentrations of n-3, n-6 FA and the ratio of n-3/n-6 FA in residues increased (p<0.001) linearly with increasing dietary n-3/n-6 FA ratio, but C18:1n-9 FA concentration was decreased (p<0.001) linearly. With these results, it could affect fermentation characteristics and FA profile of rumen content by dietary n-3/n-6 FA ratio.

배합사료의 부패 동안 발생하는 미생물학적 및 영양학적 변화

이권정(Kwonjung Yi),연제성(Jae-Sung Yeon),김주현(Juhyeon Kim),김삼철(Sam Churl Kim),문형인(Hyung-In Moon),전체옥(Che Ok Jeon),이상석(Sang Suk Lee),김동운(Dong-Woon Kim),김수기(Soo-Ki Kim) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.10

가축의 배합사료는 가축의 성장을 유지하기 위한 충분한 영양소를 함유하고 있어 적절한 온도와 습도하에서 부패되기 쉽다. 착유우 사료를 여름철 고온 다습한 환경 조건인 수분 33%, 온도 30℃에서 15일 동안 부패시키면서 일어나는 미생물 및 화학적 변화를 조사하였다. pH는 최초 6.29에서 4.66으로, 수분활성은 0.99에서 0.95으로 각각 감소하였다. 세균은 6.2×10<SUP>6</SUP>~1.6×10<SUP>7 </SUP>CFU/g에서 5일째에 최대 2.1×10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU/g까지 증가하였으며 이후 108 CFU/g 수준을 유지하였다. 곰팡이는 약 10<SUP>3</SUP>에서 8.0×10<SUP>4</SUP> CFU/g으로 증가하였다. 세균은 Acinetobacter oleivorans, Pediococcus acidilactici, Acinetobacter oleivorans, Weissella cibaria 및 Methylobacterium komagatae이 성장하였고, 곰팡이는 Fusarium속과 Mucor속이 분리되었다. 10일까지는 수분 함량은 증가하였고(p<0.01), 조단백질 함량은 큰 변화가 없었으나 조지방은 약 6.0%에서 5.5%로 감소하였다(p<0.01). 조섬유와 조회분은 각각 2.0~3.0%, 4.5~4.8%의 범위에서 변화되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 총에너지는 4,400 kcal/kg로 거의 변화가 없었다. 사료가 부패되면서 젖산과 프로피온산은 증가하였고 아세트산은 검출되지 않았다(p<0.01). 제랄레논은 59.2 μg/kg에서 623.8 μg/kg으로 약 10.5배가 증가하였다. 결론적으로 사료부패가 일어나는 동안은 pH 감소, 생균수의 증가 및 다양한 화학적 변화가 관찰되었다. Commercial complete feeds contain enough nutrients to support animal growth and it is easy to be spoiled under proper temperature and humid conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate microbiological and chemical changes on complete feed for milking cow under open-air exposure with moisture 33% at 30℃ during 15 days. pH decreased 6.29 to 4.66 and water activity decreased gradually 0.99 to 0.95. Bacteria increased 6.2×10<SUP>6</SUP>~1.6×10<SUP>7</SUP> to 2.1×10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU/g at 5 days and showed 10<SUP>8</SUP> CFU/ g until 15 days. Fungi increased 10<SUP>3</SUP> CFU/g to 8.0×10<SUP>4</SUP> CFU/g. During the processing of spoilage, bacteria such as Acinetobacter oleivorans, Pediococcus acidilactici, Acinetobacter oleivorans, Weissella cibaria, and Methylobacterium komagatae were identified and fungi such as Fusarium sp. and Mucor sp. were also identified. Moisture content increased until 10 days (p<0.01). Crude protein was not changed so much whereas crude fat decreased 6.0% to 5.5% (p<0.01). Crude fiber and crude ash changed 2.0~ 3.0% and 4.5~ 4.8% levels with no significance, respectively. Gross energy was not almost changed at 4,400 kcal/g. During spoilage, lactate and propionate increased whereas acetate was not detected. Protease and lipase activities increased significantly during spoilage (p<0.01). Zearalenone content increased 59.2 μg/kg to 623.8 μg/kg, showing 10.5 times more production. During feed spoilage, pH decreased with microbial growth and various chemical changes were occurred.

Effects of Different Cutting Height on Nutritional Quality of Whole Crop Barley Silage and Feed Value on Hanwoo Heifers

Kim, Dong Hyeon,Amanullah, Sardar M.,Lee, Hyuk Jun,Joo, Young Ho,Han, Ouk Kyu,Adesogan, Adegbola T.,Kim, Sam Churl Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.9

The present study evaluated the effects of different cutting height on nutritive value, fermentation quality, in vitro and in vivo digestibility of whole crop barley silage. Whole crop barley forage (Yuyeon hybrid) was harvested at height of 5, 10, and 15 cm from the ground level. Each cutting height was rolled to make round bale and ensiled for 100 days. After 100 days of ensiling, pH of silage was lower (p<0.05) in 5 cm, but no difference between 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. The content of lactate and lactate to acetate ratio were increased (p<0.05) in 5 cm of cutting height, whereas the acetate content was higher (p<0.05) in 10 and 15 cm than that of 5 cm cutting height. Aerobic stability was greater (p<0.05) in silages of 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. Three total mixed rations (TMR) were formulated with silages from the three different cutting heights (TMR5, TMR10, and TMR15) incorporated as forage at 70:30 ratio with concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis). In vitro dry matter digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR5 and TMR10 than that in TMR15, whereas in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR10 and TMR15 than that in TMR5. Concentration of $NH_3-N$ was highest (p<0.05) in the TMR10 followed by TMR15 and TMR5. Total volatile fatty acid was decreased (p<0.05) with increased cutting height. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber were highest (p<0.05) in TMR15, than those in TMR5 and TMR10, whereas acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in TMR5 than that in TMR10. The results showed that increasing cutting height, at least up to 10 to 15 cm, of whole crop barley forage at harvest (Yuyeon) may be beneficial for making silage for TMR formulation and increasing digestibility of DM and NDF.

Effect of Microbial and Chemical Combo Additives on Nutritive Value and Fermentation Characteristic of Whole Crop Barley Silage

Kim, Dong Hyeon,Amanullah, Sardar M.,Lee, Hyuk Jun,Joo, Young Ho,Kim, Sam Churl Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9

This study was conducted to assess the effects of microbial and chemical combo additives on nutritive values, fermentation indices and aerobic stability of whole crop barley silage. Barley forage (Youngyang) was harvested at about 30% dry matter (DM) by treatments, chopped to 5 cm length and treated with distilled water only (CON), Lactobacillus plantarum (INO), propionic acid (PRO) or an equal mixture of INO and PRO (MIX). Barley forages were ensiled in 4 replications for 0, 2, 7, and 100 days. On 100 days of ensiling, MIX silage had higher (p<0.05) in vitro DM digestibility than CON silage, but lower (p<0.05) acid detergent fiber concentration. The pH in all treated silages was lower (p<0.05) than CON silage. The MIX silage had higher (p<0.05) lactate concentration and lactate to acetate ratio than in CON, but lower (p<0.05) yeast count. Aerobic stability in CON, PRO, and MIX silages were higher (p<0.05) than in INO silage. It is concluded that microbial and chemical combo additives using L. plantarum and propionic acid could efficiently improve nutritive values of barley silage in terms of increased in vitro DM digestibility compared to other treatments. In addition, all treatments except CON reduced yeast count which is the initiate microorganism of aerobic spoilage.

참다래잼의 제조와 품질특성

고정삼,김지용,김용철,강순선 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1999 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.16 No.-

초록 제주산 참다래의 화학적 분석을 통하여 가공적성을 구명하고 잼 생산을 위한 최적 제조조건을 검토하였다. 참다래의 수분 함량은 82.84%이었으며, 당함량은 12.08%로 비교적 높은 편이었다. 가용성고형물은 14.80이었고 산 함량은 1.33%이었으며, 비타민 C 함량은 27.47%/100g로 높은 편이었다. 관능평가에 의한 상품은 원료 300g에 첨가하는 당농도를 60%로 하며, 당을 100%로 하였을 경우 설탕 : 물엿 : 올리고당(60 : 30 : 10)으로 하며, 여 기에 펙틴 1%와 청주 10㎖를 첨가하는 경우 잼의 물성과 변향을 억제하기 위하여 바람직하 였다. 시제품의 관능평가 결과시판하고 있는 유산 제품보다 기호성이 높아 개발가티가 있는 것으로 판단되었으며, 열탕에서 5분간 처리한 시제품은 30℃에서 한달간 저장 중 미생물 증 식이 인식되지 않아 유통 중에 문제가 없을 것으로 보인다. Abstract Chemical analysis and optimum processing conditions of kiwiifruit jam were investigated. Soluble solids, acid content and vitamin C of kiwiifruit was 14.80, 1.33% and 27.47mg/100g, respectively. Moisture content and total sugar of fruits was 82.84% and 12.08%. In processing of kiwiifruit jam, the ratio of sucrose : maltose syrup : oligo sugar (60 : 30 : 10) was the best in addition of sugar source 60%(w/w) in total. Otherwise, the addition of 1% pectin and 10ml of rice wine were recommended for texture and masking of off-flavor. Kiwiifruit jam prepared in this experiment was better than that of commercial other products in sensory evaluation, and microbial growth of this product was not recognized for one month at 30℃ with treatment the products for 5min in boiling water.

RESEARCH NOTE : Effects of Probiotic Additions to Feed and Manure on Temperature, Humidity, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Hanwoo Manure during Summer -A Field Study

( Dong Hyeon Kim ),( Hyuk Jun Lee ),( In Hag Choi ),( Chan Sik Min ),( Sam Churl Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.9

The effects of probiotic additions to feed and manure on temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Hanwoo manure during summer (4 weeks) were evaluated. Fifteen Hanwoo (24-mo-old, 580 ± 20 kg) were housed in individual pens (5 × 8 m) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 5 cattle per treatment). Hanwoo were fed experimental rations as follows: control (10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate); T1 (10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate, 2% probiotics on as-fed basis); and T2 (10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate, 2% probiotics on as-fed basis + 7 kg probiotics as top-dressing on the surface of Hanwoo manure). In comparison to the control, the addition of probiotics to feed or feed and manure had an effect (P < 0.05) on temperature and humidity over the 4 weeks, except for humidity at 0 weeks. The only significant difference (P < 0.05) observed in CO2 emission was among all treatments at 3 and 4 weeks (but not at 0 through 2 weeks). These results indicated that use of probiotics as feed and manure additives did not have a significant effect on environmental parameters.