An introduction to the recently excavated Chunggang Medical Records and research on their medical value

Kim, Nam-Il,Yun, Seng-Yick,Hong, Sae-Young,Ahn, Sang-Woo,Cha, Wung-Seok Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2007 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.7 No.2

This study is a report on recently discovered medical records based on traditional medicine in the 1900s. First, the contents of the records and their significance are described in detail. Next, a simple example of the research follows, in order to explain the medical and historical significance the records contain and to answer the question of how this historical document can contribute to future medical and historical studies. The documents dealt with in this study, the Chunggang Medical Records, are medical records compiled by a Korean doctor of oriental medicine by the name of Younghun Kim who practiced in the center of Seoul for a period of over 60 years. The records, which eventually amounted to over 1,500 books, were made known to the academic world when the descendents recently donated them to Kyunghee University. The reason these medical records attract so much attention from academic circles, even though they are the work of one individual, is that they contain abundant information on general public medical health at the time, in addition to the fact that Kim Younghun was a well known figure among Oriental Medicine doctors in Korea. The medical records start in 1915 and continue until Kim Younhun's death in 1974, though they have some damaged or missing parts. Kim's medical records are a gold mine not only for scholars studying the medical history of the early 1900s, but also for doctors trying to emulate the techniques embedded in a great predecessor's medical practice.

An introduction to the recently excavated Chunggang Medical Records andresearch on their medical value

Wung-Seok Cha,Nam-Il Kim,Seng-Yick Yun,Sae-Young Hong,Sang-Woo Ahn 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2007 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.7 No.2

This study is a report on recently discovered medical records based on traditional medicine in the 1900s. First, the contents of the records and their significance are described in detail. Next, a simple example of the research follows, in order to explain the medical and historical significance the records contain and to answer the question of how this historical document can contribute to future medical and historical studies. The documents dealt with in this study, the Chunggang Medical Records, are medical records compiled by a Korean doctor of oriental medicine by the name of Younghun Kim who practiced in the center of Seoul for a period of over 60 years. The records, which eventually amounted to over 1,500 books, were made known to the academic world when the descendents recently donated them to Kyunghee University. The reason these medical records attract so much attention from academic circles, even though they are the work of one individual, is that they contain abundant information on general public medical health at the time, in addition to the fact that Kim Younghun was a well known figure among Oriental Medicine doctors in Korea. The medical records start in 1915 and continue until Kim Younhun’s death in 1974, though they have some damaged or missing parts. Kim’s medical records are a gold mine not only for scholars studying the medical history of the early 1900s, but also for doctors trying to emulate the techniques embedded in a great predecessor’s medical practice. Key words: Chunggang Medical Records; Oriental Medicine; Kim Younghun

오리 鼻腔 및 鼻粘膜上皮의 計測에 관한 硏究

金世仁,金武剛,申台均,金弘善,柳時潤,李永浩 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.1

The area of the various epithelial types linging the nasal navity of each six number in 1-week-old and 10-week-old adult ducks has been made for the light microscopic research. Transverse sections of 10 microns thick in each specimen were made continuously from the anterior end of nostril to the posterior end of pharyngeal inlet and specimen samples were selected at 0.13mm(1-week-old) and 0.17mm(10-week-old) intervals from the anterior end of the nasal cavity to the posterior end of pharyngeal inlet. The results obtained from research were summarized as follows. 1. The nasal cavity is lined with stratified squamous, respiratory and olfactory epithelium. The thickness of stratified squamous, respiratory and olfactory epithelium is 10-100㎛, 8-75㎛ and 50㎛ respectively in 1-week-old ducks, and 25-175㎛, 20-125㎛ and 66㎛ respectively in 10-week-old ducks. 2. The unilateral volumes of the nasal cavity in 1-week-old and 10-week-old ducks were 21.73±2.64㎟, 1,692.44±171.57㎟ respectively. 3. The total unilateral surface areas of the nasal cavity in 1-week-old and 10-week-old ducks were 70.44±4.92㎟, 1,772.45±94.10㎟ respectively. 4. Each area of the stratified squamous epithelium, respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium in unilateral nasal cavity is 14.82±1.85㎟ (21.1%), 46.86±3.20㎟ (66.5%) and 8.76±0.40㎟ (12.4%) in the 1-week-old ducks, and 348.23±40.02㎟ (19.7%), 1,282.31±47.03㎟ (72.3%) and 141.90±12.43㎟ (8.0%) in the 10-week-old ducks. Ducks are assumed as a microsmatic animals by the composition of the lining epithelium of the nasal cavity in ducks.

고속액체크로마토그래피-가시선/자외선 검출기를 이용한 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 검출 방법 검증과 일부 한국 성인 남성 혈액 중 DEHP 정량

양윤정,명순철,김세철,홍연표 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적: 이 연구는 HPLC-UV를 이용한 생체 시료 중 저농도의 DEHP 분석법을 CDER 기준에 따라 검증하고 검증된 분석법으로 일부 한국의 혈장 중의 DEHP를 분석하여 인체 노출 정도를 뒷받침할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제시하고자 한다. 방법: 혈액 내 DEHP 정량을 위한 HPLC-UV 정량 분석법을 CDER의 검증 기준인 검량선 및 직선성과 정밀성, 정확성에 대해 시행하였다. 검증된 분석법으로 울산과 춘천 일부 지역의 근로자 30세 이상 60세 이하의 건강한 남성 255명으로부터 채취한 혈액 내 DEHP를 정량하였다. 결과: 혈액 중 DEHP 정량을 위해 사용된 HPLC-UV는 표준액 0∼150 μg/l 에서 직선성을 나타냈다(r²=0.999). 검량한계는 5.22 μg/l , 정량한계는 15.81 μg/l 이었다. 정밀성과 정확도는 2.5 μg/l DEHP 농도에서 첫째 날을 제외하고는 둘째 날과 셋째 날은 CDER 기준에 적합하였다. 50 μg/l 과 150 μg/l DEHP 농도는 모두 CDER 기준에 적합하였다. 대상자의 98 %가 10 μg/l 이하이었고, 85%는 5 μg/l 이하이었고 왼쪽으로 치우친 분포를 나타냈으며, 최고 농도는 18.9 μg/l 이었다. 대상자의 혈액의 DEHP 농도의 기하평균과 기하표준편차는 0.4±1.5 μg/l 이었다. 결론: 본 연구에 사용된 HPLC-UV를 이용한 혈액 중 DEHP 분석법은 CDER 기준에 따라 검증한 결과 정밀도, 정확도, 검출한계 및 정량한계 등 모든 항목에서 기준에 적합하였다. 일부 한국 성인 남자의 혈액 중 DEHP 농도는 0∼18.9 μg/l 이었으며 왼쪽으로 치우친 분포를 나타냈다. Objectives: This study was conducted to validate a simple, rapid and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detector (HPLC-UV) and present the plasma level of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in some Korean male workers. Methods: HPLC-UV for quantification of plasma DEHP was validated by the following guideline from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) - calibration/standard curve, precision, accuracy and recovery. Plasma DEHP from 255 healthy Korean male workers aged from 30 to 60 years was analyzed by validated HPLC-UV method. Results: The calibration curve over the range 0∼150 μg/l for the plasma DEHP standard solution showed linearity(r²=0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of plasma DEHP were 5.22 μg/l and 15.81 μg/l , respectively. The accuracy and precision for 2.5 μg/l of DEHP were acceptable in CDER guideline on the second and third day but not first day, and those for 50 μg/l and 150 μg/l of DEHP were acceptable on all three days(Ed-confirm this addition). The distribution of plasma DEHP level was skewed to the left and ranged from 0 to 18.9 μg/l. The plasma DEHP level was lower than 10 μg/l for 98 % of subjects and lower than 5 μg/l for 85 %. The geometric mean and standard deviation of plasma DEHP were 0.4±1.5 μg/l. Conclusions: The HPLC-UV method for quantification of plasma DEHP was acceptable by CDER guideline. The plasma DEHP of 255 Korean male workers ranged from 0 to 18.9 μg/l and the distribution was skewed to the left.

흰쥐에서 임신이 무릎관절 구축에 미치는 영향

김준성,강세윤 大韓再活醫學會 1999 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.23 No.6

단기간 크레아틴 섭취가 태권도 선수의 신체조성, 등속성 근력 및 혈액성분에 미치는 영향

오세용,김창은,김의영 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term creatine intake on constitution, isokinetic muscular power and constituent parts of the blood among taekwondo players. After 14 taekwondo players were divided into two groups, one group took creatine for six days and the other took placebo for the same short period of time. This experiment was conducted during training period, and then their constitution, isokinetic muscular power, blood creatinine and inorganic phosphate were measured. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. As for constitution, there was no significant disparity in weight, the amount of muscle, body fat volume and body fat rate between the creatine group and the placebo group. 2. Concerning isokinetic muscular power, the creatine group made a significant progress in set total work(J) and endurance rate(%) after the two groups were engaged in maximal flexion/extension exercise(180˚/s) 30 times. 3. When the constituent parts of the blood was gauged, the creatine group showed a significant increase in creatinine at rest and 30 minutes after recovery(p<.05), and the placebo group showed a significant reduction in creatinine at rest and immediately after workout(p<.05). In the former group, there was no change in inorganic phosphate, but the placebo group showed a significant increase at rest, immediately after workout and 30 minutes after recovery(p<.05). The above-mentioned findings suggested that the six-day creatine intake had an effect on the muscular power of the taekwondo players and their constituent parts of the blood, but it gave no positive impact on their physical constitution. Therefore, short-term creatine intake seemed to contribute to enhancing motor skills.

발생원별에 따른 PAHs 배출특성

박찬구,윤중섭,김민영,손종열,모세영 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The results of individual PAH source profiles that can be applied to receptor model are as follows. The sum of 16 PAH concentrations was 391.41 ng/S㎥ in a tunnel. Phenanthrene was the most abundant compound among 16 PAH, and then pyrene, fIuoranthene, anthracene, and naphthalene can be seen in elevated contents. 11,056.61 ng/S㎥ of 16 PAH concentrations in BC oil boiler was two times higher than 6,582.57 ng/S㎥ of those in LNG boiler. Naphthalene was the most abundant compound in both facilities. Phenanthrene, anthracene. and acenaphthylene were the second dominant compound group in order from both facilities. BC oil boiler had relatively high concentration of pyrene compared to LNG boiler that had high concentration of fluorene and did not detect pyrene. The sum of 16 PAH concentrations emitted from MSW incinerators after APCD (air pollution control device) was three times higher than those from MSW incinerators bcfore APCD. However, the concentrations of more than 4-ring PAH compounds (e.g., benzo (a)anthracene) before APCD were higher than those after APCD. This fact implies that PAHs generated by combustion process are eliminated in APCD and they are continuously produced in stack or atmosphere by PAHs precursors.

단안 안검봉합에 의한 병아리 안구크기의 변화

최시환,김세윤,서병로,민병무 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

In an attempt to elucidate the eyeball enlargement by eyelid suture, two-day old white Leghorn chickens (n=20) were lightly anesthetized with ether and monocular upper and lower eyelids were sutured together with 6-0 black silk. The other eye was used as control group. Refractive error, corneal curvature, or axial length by ultrasonography were assessed before the study, and 3 weeks and 6 weeks after lid suture. Dimensional changes, intraocular pressure, and weight of enucleated eyeball were measured at 6 weeks. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The eyelid sutured group developed significant axial elongation (11.00±0.36mm vs 10.69±0.24mm, mean±SD, by ultrasonography; 12.57±0.66mm vs 12.02±0.41mm by micrometer), equatorial length (15.48±0.45mm vs 15.32±0.48mm), and weight (1.51± 0.12g vs 1.39±0.09g) in comparison with control group. 2. Corneal sag and diameter, intraocular pressure, and refractive error were not significantly different between both groups. Our results support the hypothesis that form-vision deprivation induces the enlargement of eyeball, especially the posterior segment of the eyeball.

Gilbert 증후군에서 열량 제한 시험과 Phenobarbital 자극 시험의 의의(14예)

이헌영,채경훈,정재훈,강윤세,김연수,문희석,박기오,이엄석,김선문,김석현,성재규,이병석,이강욱 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Gilbert 증후군은 인구의 7%에서까지 나타날 수 있는 매우 흔한 증후군으로서 비진행성인 양성의 만성적 경과를 치하며, 간질환의 증상과 징후가 없는 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 특징인 일종의 체질적인 증상으로서 혈장 빌리루빈 농도에 대한 사춘기의 영향 때문에 10대와 20대에 자주 진단이 된다. 따라서 임상적인 중요성은 미약하지만 높은 빈도가 예상되는 점에 그 중요성이 부여되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 적정한 임상적 진단법으로 기왕에 소개된 열량제한 시험과 phenobarbital 유도 시험을 시행하고 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1990년 7월부터 1999년 4월까지 충남대학교병원에 내원하여 HBsAg, IgG anti-HBc 및 anti-HCV가 음성이고, 간 초음파 스캔에서 이상이 없으며, 혈청 AST, ALT 및 AP가 정상인 비음주자에서 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 있는 14예의 환자들을 대상으로 ^(99m)Tc-DISID 스캔을 시행하였으며, 기저 치 총빌리루빈 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 측정한 다음에 하루에 400Kcal로 48시간동안 제한한 열량 제한 시험을 시행하였고, phenobarbital을 하루 60mg씩 5일간 투여한 후에도 각각 총빌리루빈과 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 검사하여 비포합형을 구하였다. 대상 환자들은 모두 14예로서 남자가 11예(78.6%)였고 여자가 3예(21.4%)여서 3.7:1로 남자에서 많았으며, 20대가 6예(42.9%), 30대가 역시 6예(42.9%) 및 40대가 2예(14.2%)로서 2,30대가 대부분(85.8%)이었다. 열량 제한 시험 후의 총빌리루빈 치, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치들은 평균 각각 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 및 1.3±10mg/dL 로서, 시험 전 치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg/dL 보다 유의하게(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023) 상승하였다. 포합형 빌리루빈 치도 유의하게 상승하였으나 비포합형의 상승보다는 훨씬 낮아서 주로 비포합형이 증가하였다. phenobarbital 투여 중 설사가 발생하여 중단한 1예를 제외한 13예에서 열량 제한 시험 후에 상승하였던 총, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치가 phenobarbital 유도 시험후에는 2.0±1.1, 1.5±0.8 및 0.5±0.4mg/dL로서 열량 제한 시험 결과보다 유의하게 낮아졌고(p=0.00, p=0.000, p=0.001), 열량 제한 시험 전의 기초치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg.dL 보다도 더욱 낮아졌으며 유의한 차이(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005)를 나타내었다. 14예에서 시행한 ^(99m)-Tc DISIDA 스캔에서 9예(64.3%)가 정상이었고, 5예(35.7%)에서는 심장 및 신장으로의 간외 섭취가 3예였고, 60분까지 소장 배출이 없는 배설 지연 예와 담낭 수축 불량 예가 각각 1예 씩 발견되었다. Phenobarbital 투여시험에서 민감도가 열량제한시험에 비해 더 높았다(92.3%와 50.0%). Gilbert 증후군에서 1일 400 Kcal로 48시간의 열량제한 시험과 1일 60mg의 phenobarbital을 5일간 투여하는 유도 시험은 편리하고 유용한 임상적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 열량 제한 시험에서는 증가 기준의 통일이 필요하다고 유추되며 phenobarbital 유도 시험이 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 생각된다. Gilbert's syndrome is very frequent and benign chronic process characterized by mild, intermittent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without any symptom and sign of liver disease. Previously intoduced caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test as two appropriate clinical tests had been examined and their diagnostic values were reevaluated. Fourteen patients with mild, persistent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. Subsequently caloric restriction has been applicated by 400 Kcal/day for 48 hours and phenobarbital has been prescribed by 60 mg/day for 5 days. Therafter serum levels of total and direct bilirubin were measured. Most of the patients were third and fourth decade(85.8%) and male predominant. Each basal serum levels of total, indirect and direct bilirubin were 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 and 0.7±0.4 mg/dL. After caloric restriction test, each levels were increased significantly to 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 and 1.3±1.0 mg/dL(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023). After phenobarbital stimulation test for 13 patients had been practiced, increased levels of each bilirubin after caloric restriction test were decreased significantly to 2.0±1.0, 1.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.4 mg/dL(p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001) and these levels were significantly lower than basal levels(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005). The sensitivities of caloric restriction test were 85.7%, 50.0%, and 71.4%, 35.7%(1.0, 1.5 mg increase of total bilirubin and 1.0, 1.5 mg/dL increase of indirect bilirubin). The sensitivities of phenobarbital stimulation test were 93.2% and 92.3% at criteria of 1.5 mg/dL increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. On the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test are convenient and useful diagnostic tools in clinical face. And also phenobarbital stimulation test has higher sensitivity than caloric restriction test. Furthermore, standardization of bilirubin increment would be necessary in caloric restriction test.

Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)