가열에 의한 지하수 중 <SUP>222</SUP>Rn 제거율 고찰

김문수(MoonSu Kim),김현구(Hyun-Koo Kim),박선화(Sun-Wha Park),김형섭(Hyoung-Seop Kim),주병규(Byoung-Kyu Ju),김동수(Dong-Su Kim),조성진(Sung-Jin Cho),양재하(Jae-Ha Yang),권오상(Oh-Sang Kwon),김태승(Tae-Seung Kim) 한국분석과학회 2015 분석과학 Vol.28 No.5

Anti-inflammatory effects of TP1 in LPS-induced Raw264.7 macrophages

Kim Minji,An Jangeun,Shin Seong-Ah,Moon Sun Young,Kim Moonsu,Choi Seyeon,Kim Huiji,Phi Kim-Hoa,Lee Jun Hyuck,Youn Ui Joung,Park Hyun Ho,Lee Chang Sup 한국응용생명화학회 2024 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.67 No.-

Inflammation is an essential defense mechanism in health; however, excessive inflammation contributes to the patho physiology of several chronic diseases. Although anti‑inflammatory drugs are essential for controlling inflammation, they have several side effects. Recent findings suggest that naturally derived compounds possess physiological activi ties, including anti‑inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti‑inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of 2,5,6‑trimethoxy‑p‑terphenyl (TP1), extracted from the Antarctic lichen Stereocaulon alpinum, using in vitro models. TP1 treatment decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS‑stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages. Additionally, TP1 treatment significantly decreased the mRNA levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines (IL‑1β, TNF‑α, IL‑6) and the mRNA and protein levels of the pro‑inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxyge nase‑2). Moreover, TP1 suppressed lipopolysaccharide‑induced phosphorylation of the NF‑κB and MAPK signaling pathways in Raw264.7 macrophages. Conclusively, these results suggest that TP1 ameliorates inflammation by sup pressing the expression of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, making it a potential anti‑inflammatory drug for the treatment of severe inflammatory diseases.

지하수 중 라돈의 경시적 변동특성 연구

김문수(Moonsu Kim),김현구(Hyunkoo Kim),정도환(Dohwan Jung),김동수(Dongsoo Kim),조성진(Sungjin Jo),박선화(Sunhwa Park),박준식(Junsik Park),오송민(Songmin Ou) 대한지질학회 2019 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.10

강화도의 지질별 지하수 중 자연방사성 물질의 특성

김익현(Ikhyun Kim),김문수(MoonSu Kim),함세영(Se-Yeong Hamm),김현구(Hyunkoo Kim),김동수(Dongsoo Kim),조성진(Seongjin Jo),이헌민(Heonmin Lee),황종연(Jongyeon Hwang),조훈제(Hunje Jo),박선화(Sunhwa Park),정현미(Hyenmi Chung) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1

인천시 강화도의 지질별(중생대 화강암, 선캠브리아 편마암, 편암) 지하수의 자연방사성 물질과 수리지화학 성분의 특성을 연구하였다. 이 연구를 위하여, 8년 동안 69개 관정에서 지하수 시료를 채수하였다. 통계 분석을 이용하여 지하수의 수리지화학 성분과 자연방사성 물질의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구 지역 지하수의 수질유형은 Ca(Na)-HCO 3 형으로 나타났다. 우라늄은 3 개 지하수 시료에서 US EPA의 MCL(최대 오염 물질 수준)인 30 ug/L을 초과하였다. 라돈은 28개 지하수 시료에서 US EPA의 제안치인 AMCL(대체 최대 오염 물질 수준)인 4,000 pCi/L을 초과하였다. 모든 지하수 시료의 전알파(Gross-alpha)는 US EPA MCL인 15 pCi/L를 초과하지 않았다. 지하수에서의 우라늄과 라돈의 평균농도는 화강암에서 가장 높고, 그 다음으로 편마암, 편암의 순이다. 편암 지역의 라돈은 HCO 3 와 –0.40, 우라늄은 SO 4 과 0.54의 상관계수를 보였고, 편마암 지역의 경우 라돈은 우라늄과 0.55, 우라늄은 SO 4 과 0.41의 상관계수를 보였다. 요인분석에 의하면, 지질별로 각각 다른 거동특성을 가진다. 전체 지하수의 통계 분석 결과, 우라늄과 라돈 그리고 지화학 성분들 간에는 대체로 특이한 상관성을 나타내지 않았다. 자연방사성 물질의 거동과 운명을 보다 명확하게 이해하기 위해서는 자연방사성 물질의 수리지질학적, 지구화학적, 지질학적 특성에 대한 보다 상세한 연구가 요구된다. Groundwaters in different rock types (Mesozoic granite, Precambrian gneiss, and schist) of Ganghwa island, Incheon City were characterized by using naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and hydrogeochemical constituents. For the study, groundwater samples from 69 wells had been collected over eight years. Statistical methods were applied to relate hydrogeochemical components and NORM in the groundwater samples. The groundwater samples belonged to Ca(Na)-HCO 3 types. The uranium concentrations in three groundwater samples exceeded 30 ug/L of United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL). The radon concentrations in 28 groundwater samples exceeded 4,000 pCi/L (picocuries per Liter) of US EPA alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL). Gross-alpha in all the groundwater samples did not exceed 15 pCi/L of US EPA MCL. The average concentrations of uranium and radon in groundwater were the highest in granite area, and then gneiss, schist areas in order. In schist area, the correlation coefficient (R) between radon and HCO 3 is –0.40 and R between uranium and SO 4 is 0.54. In gneiss area, the R between radon and uranium is 0.55 and the R between uranium and SO 4 is 0.41. According to factor analysis, each geological area shows different chemical characteristics. The statistical analysis of whole groundwater resulted in nearly no significant relationship among uranium, radon and chemical constituents. Subsequently, more detailed studies on hydrogeological, geochemical, and geological characteristics related to NORM are required to better understand the behavior and fate of NORM.

Simultaneous Analysis of 13 Pesticides in Groundwater and Evaluation of its Persistent Characteristics

Song, Dahee,Park, Sunhwa,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Kim, Ki-In,Hwang, Jong Yeon,Kim, Moonsu,Jo, Hun-Je,Kim, Deok-hyun,Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Kim, Hye-Jin,Kim, Tae-Seung,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

For this study, groundwater samples for 3 years from 2011 through 2013 were collected at 106 groundwater monitoring site in Korea. These groundwater samples were analyzed for 13 pesticides such as cabofuran, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, simazine, atrazine, lindane (gamma-HCH), alachlor, heptachlor, chlordane (total), endosulfan (1, 2), dieldrin, endrin, 4,4-DDT. The objectives of this study were to determine the detection frequency and their concentrations of 13 pesticides and evaluate the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact using concentrations of 13 pesticides in groundwater samples. An analysis was used for the simultaneous determination for 13 pesticides using GC-MS. GC-MS was performed on HP-5ms, using helium ($1ml\;min^{-1}$) as carrier gas. The average recoveries of the pesticides were from 92.8% to 120.8%. The limits of detection (LODs) were between $0.004{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and $0.118{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were between $0.012{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and $0.354{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. 106 groundwater wells were selected. 54 wells were from well to monitor background groundwater quality and 52 wells were from well to monitor groundwater quality in industrial or contamination source area. Eight pesticides including pentachlorobenzene, lindane (Gamma-HCH), heptachlor, chlordane (total), Endosulfan (1, 2), dieldrin, endrin, and 4,4-DDT were not detected in groundwater samples. The detection frequency for hexachlorobenzene, alachlor, carbofuran and simazine was 23.4%, 11.4%, 7.3%, and 1.0%, respectively. Atrazine was detected once in 2011. The average concentrations were $0.00423{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for carbofuran, $0.000243{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for alachlor, $0.00015{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for simazine, and $0.00001{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for hexachlorobenzene. The detection frequency of hexachlorobenzene was high, but the average concentration was low. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency for hexachlorobenzene, alachlor, carbofuran, simazine and atrazine was 26.1%, 21.3%, 7.1%, 1.9% and 0.3%, respectively. In the uncontaminated groundwater, detection frequency for hexachlorobenzene, carbofuran and alachlor were 20.2%, 7.5%, and 1.9% respectively. Simazine and atrazine were not detected at uncontaminated groundwater wells. According to the purpose of groundwater use, atrazine was detected for agricultural groundwater use. Hexachlorobenzene showed high detection frequency at agricultural groundwater use area where the animal feeding area and golf course area were located. Alachlor showed more than 50% detection frequency at cropping area, pollution concern river area, and golf course area. Atrazine was detected in agricultural water use area. By land use, the maximum detection frequency of alachlor was found near an orchard. For human risk assessment, the cancer risk for the 5 pesticides was between $10^{-7}$ and $10^{-10}$, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) was between $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-6}$. For conclusion, these monitoring study needs to continue because of the possibility of groundwater contamination based on various purpose of groundwater use.

Simultaneous Analysis of 13 Pesticides in Groundwater and Evaluation of its Persistent Characteristics

Dahee Song,Sunhwa Park,Sang-Ho Jeon,Ki-In Kim,Jong Yeon Hwang,Moonsu Kim,Hun-Je Jo,Deok-hyun Kim,Gyeong-Mi Lee,Hye-Jin Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

For this study, groundwater samples for 3 years from 2011 through 2013 were collected at 106 groundwater monitoring site in Korea. These groundwater samples were analyzed for 13 pesticides such as cabofuran, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, simazine, atrazine, lindane (gamma-HCH), alachlor, heptachlor, chlordane (total), endosulfan (1, 2), dieldrin, endrin, 4,4-DDT. The objectives of this study were to determine the detection frequency and their concentrations of 13 pesticides and evaluate the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact using concentrations of 13 pesticides in groundwater samples. An analysis was used for the simultaneous determination for 13 pesticides using GC-MS. GC-MS was performed on HP-5ms, using helium (1 ml min<SUP>-1</SUP>) as carrier gas. The average recoveries of the pesticides were from 92.8% to 120.8%. The limits of detection (LODs) were between 0.004 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.118 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.012 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.354 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>. 106 groundwater wells were selected. 54 wells were from well to monitor background groundwater quality and 52 wells were from well to monitor groundwater quality in industrial or contamination source area. Eight pesticides including pentachlorobenzene, lindane (Gamma-HCH), heptachlor, chlordane (total), Endosulfan (1, 2), dieldrin, endrin, and 4,4-DDT were not detected in groundwater samples. The detection frequency for hexachlorobenzene, alachlor, carbofuran and simazine was 23.4%, 11.4%, 7.3%, and 1.0%, respectively. Atrazine was detected once in 2011. The average concentrations were 0.00423 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for carbofuran, 0.000243 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for alachlor, 0.00015 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for simazine, and 0.00001 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for hexachlorobenzene. The detection frequency of hexachlorobenzene was high, but the average concentration was low. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency for hexachlorobenzene, alachlor, carbofuran, simazine and atrazine was 26.1%, 21.3%, 7.1%, 1.9% and 0.3%, respectively. In the uncontaminated groundwater, detection frequency for hexachlorobenzene, carbofuran and alachlor were 20.2%, 7.5%, and 1.9% respectively. Simazine and atrazine were not detected at uncontaminated groundwater wells. According to the purpose of groundwater use, atrazine was detected for agricultural groundwater use. Hexachlorobenzene showed high detection frequency at agricultural groundwater use area where the animal feeding area and golf course area were located. Alachlor showed more than 50% detection frequency at cropping area, pollution concern river area, and golf course area. Atrazine was detected in agricultural water use area. By land use, the maximum detection frequency of alachlor was found near an orchard. For human risk assessment, the cancer risk for the 5 pesticides was between 10<SUP>-7</SUP> and 10<SUP>-10</SUP>, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) was between 10<SUP>-4</SUP> and 10<SUP>-6</SUP>. For conclusion, these monitoring study needs to continue because of the possibility of groundwater contamination based on various purpose of groundwater use.

Evaluation on Four Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Contents in the Groundwater and Their Human Risk Level

Dahee Song,Sunhwa Park,Sang-Ho Jeon,Jong Yeon Hwang,Moonsu Kim,Hun-Je Jo,Deok-Hyun Kim,Gyeong-Mi Lee,Ki-In Kim,Hye-Jin Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4

In this study, we monitored 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane in groundwater samples to determine the detection frequency and their concentrations and evaluated the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. 75 groundwater wells were selected. 24 wells were from monitoring background groundwater quality level and 51 wells were from monitoring groundwater quality level in industrial or contamination source area. In the results, the detection frequency for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane was 42.3%, 8.1%, 6.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. The average concentrations of VOCs were high in the order of chloroform (1.7 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>), dichloromethane (0.08 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>), tetrachloromethane (0.05 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>), and 1,2-dichloroethane (0.05 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>). Chloroform had the highest detection frequency and average detection concentration. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dchloroethane, and tetrachloromethane. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane were 2.23 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.08 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.07 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 0.06 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. All the 4 compounds were detected at industrial complex and storage tank area. The maximum concentration of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane was detected at industrial complex area. Especially, the maximum concentration of chloroform and dichloromethane was detected at a chemical factory area. In the uncontaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dchloroethane and tetrachloromethane was not detected. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane were 0.57 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.07 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 0.03 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. Although chloroform in the uncontaminated groundwater was detected the most, the concentration of chloroform was not exceeding water quality standards. By land use, the maximum detection frequency of 1,2-dichloroethane was found near a traffic area. For human risk assessment, the cancer risk for the 4 VOCs was 1<SUP>0-6</SUP>~10<SUP>-9</SUP>, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) for the 4 VOCs is 10<SUP>-2</SUP>~10<SUP>-3</SUP>.

울산 울주지역 소규모 수도시설 지하수의 수리지화학적 특성 연구

김동수,김문수,조성진,김익현,이헌민,황종연,박선화,조훈제,김태승,김현구,Kim, Dongsoo,Kim, MoonSu,Jo, Sungjin,Kim, Ikhyun,Lee, Heonmin,Hwang, Jongyoen,Park, Sunhwa,Jo, Hunje,Kim, Taeseung,Kim, Hyunkoo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2017 지하수토양환경 Vol.22 No.5

The hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in the small waterworks are examined with 81 groundwater samples in Ulju region, Ulsan. The pH ranged in 6.3-8.2 and did not exceed the drinking water standards. Electrical conductivity ranged from $50{\mu}S/cm$ to $1,719{\mu}S/cm$. It indicated that the electrical conductivities in groundwaters at the study area are relatively low, compared with other groundwaters in Ulsan area. The calcium concentrations in groundwaters ranged from 3.55 to 113.01 mg/L, and sodium concentrations ranged from 2.02 to 65.50 mg/L. Nitrate concentrations ranged from 0 to 100.56 mg/L and potassium concentrations ranged from N.D (not detected) to 2.50 mg/L. Major cations and anions were mainly derived from the water-rock interaction involving feldspar, gypsum and calcite. The groundwaters were mainly the $Ca-(Na)-HCO_3$ type, classified as the early stage of groundwater evolutions. The correlation between electrical conductivities and Ca concentrations in groundwaters was relatively high ($R^2=0.74$). In the correlations between ions, the correlation coefficient between $SO_4$ and Ca was 0.65 and between Mg and $HCO_3$ was 0.65.

Evaluation on Four Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Contents in the Groundwater and Their Human Risk Level

Song, Dahee,Park, Sunhwa,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Hwang, Jong Yeon,Kim, Moonsu,Jo, Hun-Je,Kim, Deok-Hyun,Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Kim, Ki-In,Kim, Hye-Jin,Kim, Tae-Seung,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4

In this study, we monitored 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane in groundwater samples to determine the detection frequency and their concentrations and evaluated the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. 75 groundwater wells were selected. 24 wells were from monitoring background groundwater quality level and 51 wells were from monitoring groundwater quality level in industrial or contamination source area. In the results, the detection frequency for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane was 42.3%, 8.1%, 6.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. The average concentrations of VOCs were high in the order of chloroform ($1.7{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), dichloromethane ($0.08{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), tetrachloromethane ($0.05{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), and 1,2-dichloroethane ($0.05{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$). Chloroform had the highest detection frequency and average detection concentration. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dchloroethane, and tetrachloromethane. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane were $2.23{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, $0.08{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, $0.07{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, and $0.06{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively. All the 4 compounds were detected at industrial complex and storage tank area. The maximum concentration of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane was detected at industrial complex area. Especially, the maximum concentration of chloroform and dichloromethane was detected at a chemical factory area. In the uncontaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dchloroethane and tetrachloromethane was not detected. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane were $0.57{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, $0.07{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, and $0.03{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively. Although chloroform in the uncontaminated groundwater was detected the most, the concentration of chloroform was not exceeding water quality standards. By land use, the maximum detection frequency of 1,2-dichloroethane was found near a traffic area. For human risk assessment, the cancer risk for the 4 VOCs was $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-9}$, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) for the 4 VOCs is $10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-3}$.

Importation and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant of Concern in Korea, November 2021

Lee Ji Joo,Choe Young June,Jeong Hyeongseop,Kim Moonsu,Kim Seonggon,Yoo Hanna,Park Kunhee,Kim Chanhee,Choi Sojin,Sim JiWoo,Park Yoojin,Huh In Sil,Hong Gasil,Kim Mi Young,Song Jin Su,Lee Jihee,Kim Eun- 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.50

In November 2021, 14 international travel-related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of concern (VOC) patients were detected in South Korea. Epidemiologic investigation revealed community transmission of the omicron VOC. A total of 80 SARS-CoV-2 omicron VOC-positive patients were identified until December 10, 2021 and 66 of them reported no relation to the international travel. There may be more transmissions with this VOC in Korea than reported.