정수장 현장제조염소의 브로메이트와 클로레이트의 생성 특성연구

민병대,정현미,김태욱,박주현,Min, Byungdae,Chung, Hyenmi,Kim, Taewook,Park, Juhyun 대한상하수도학회 2015 상하수도학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Although disinfection in drinking water treatment plants provides a safer water supply by inactivating pathogenic microorganisms, harmful disinfection by-products may be formed. In this study, the disinfectant, chlorine, was produced on-site from the electrolysis of salt (NaCl), and the by-products of the disinfection process, bromate and chlorate, were analyzed. The provisional guideline levels for bromate and chlorate in drinking water are $10{\mu}g/L$ and $700{\mu}g/L$, in Korea, respectively. Bromide salt was detected at concentrations ranging from 6.0 ~ 622 mg/kg. Bromate and chlorate were detected at concentrations ranging from non-detect (ND) ~ 45.3mg/L and 40.5 ~ 1,202 mg/L, respectively. When comparing the bromide concentration in the salt to the bromate concentration in the chlorine produced by salt electrolysis, the correlation of bromide to bromate concentration was 0.870 (active chlorine concentration from on-site production: 0.6-0.8%, n=40). The correlation of bromate concentration in the chlorine produced to that in the treated water was 0.866.

국내 먹는샘물 원수 중 바륨(Ba)의 수질 특성에 관한 연구

이이내,안경희,양미희,최인철,정현미,이원석,박주현,Lee, Leenae,Ahn, Kyunghee,Yang, Mihee,Choi, Incheol,Chung, Hyenmi,Lee, Wonseok,Park, Juhyun 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.4

The subject samples include 150 and 170 samples collected from intake holes in the former and latter half of 2015, respectively. They were analyzed with ICP-MS. The average concentration of detected barium was $10.54{\mu}g/L$ ($0.23{\sim}168.22{\mu}g/L$) and $8.21{\mu}g/L$ ($0{\sim}255.65{\mu}g/L$) for the former and latter halves of 2015, respectively. The concentration distribution was the highest for the precambrian era at $19.07{\mu}g/L$ and the lowest Cenozoic era at $4.92{\mu}g/L$. The average value for sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks was $7.84{\mu}g/L$, $20.84{\mu}g/L$, and $9.47{\mu}g/L$, respectively, which indicates that it was the highest for metamorphic rocks. The study also analyzed correlations between barium and other minerals and found that magnesium recorded 0.44 and 0.71 for the former and latter half of 2015, respectively. As for barium concentration according to depth, it was relatively low in shallow groundwater (under 200 m) with its average concentration at $14.33{\mu}g/L$ and $14.71{\mu}g/L$ for the former and latter half of 2015, respectively. It was $8.53{\mu}g/L$ and $4.04{\mu}g/L$ in deep groundwater (over 200 m) for the two periods, respectively, The risk assessment results show that its average risk was HQ 0.00139 and HQ 0.00163 for the former and latter half of 2015, respectively, being considerably lower than "1", which suggests that barium poses few possibilities of consumption risk.

국내·외 하수도시설 미량유기물질의 발생 특성 및 관리체계에 대한 이해

정동환,함상이,이원석,정현미,김현욱,Jeong, Dong-Hwan,Ham, Sang-Yee,Lee, Wonseok,Chung, Hyenmi,Kim, Hyunook 대한상하수도학회 2017 상하수도학회지 Vol.31 No.6

As the modern society is rapidly developing and people become affluent in materials, many new chemical compounds in different forms of products (e.g., antibiotics, pesticides, detergents, personal care products and plastic goods) are produced, used, and disposed of to the environments. Some of them are persistently having a harmful impact on the environment and mimicking endocrine properties; in general they are present in the environment at low concentrations, so they are called organic pollutants. These organic micropollutants flow to sewage treatment plants via different routes. In this study, the generation characteristics, exposure pathways, detection levels, and environmental impacts of organic micropollutants were critically reviewed. In addition, currently available risk assessment methods and management systems for the compounds were reviewed. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), for example, has monitored organic micropollutants and set the monitoring and management of some of the compounds as a priority. To effectively manage organic micropollutants in sewer systems, therefore, we should first monitor organic micropollutants of potential concern and then make a watch list of specific substances systematically, as described in guidelines on listing water pollutants in industrial wastewater.

하수처리시설 미량오염물질 지표물질 선정방안 고찰

정동환 ( Dong-hwan Jeong ),박준원 ( Junwon Park ),김창수 ( Changsoo Kim ),주병규 ( Byungkyu Ju ),이원석 ( Wonseok Lee ),정현미 ( Hyenmi Chung ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2019 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2019 No.-

국내 유통 중인 먹는샘물 원수의 이온류 수질 특성에 관한 연구

이이내 ( Leenae Lee ),안경희 ( Kyunghee Ahn ),민병대 ( Byungdae Min ),양미희 ( Mihee Yang ),최인철 ( Incheol Choi ),정현미 ( Hyenmi Chung ),박주현 ( Juhyun Park ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2016 한국물환경학회지 Vol.32 No.5

The goal of this study is to provide basic data to establish a foundation for the provision of safe drinkable water. The raw water of natural mineral water was analyzed to determine the quantities of anions (F^-, Cl^-, NO₃-N^-, and SO₄^2-) and cations (Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Na⁺) during the former and latter half of 2016. Analysis of the current quality of the raw water of natural mineral water among domestic manufacturers showed average anions contents of 0.46㎎/L of fluorine, 8㎎/L of chlorine ion, 1.5㎎/L of nitrate nitrogen, and 12㎎/L of sulfate ion. While the fluorine content was greater than the water quality criterion of 2.0㎎/L at four points, the fluorine level was overall stable. The average cations contents included 21.3㎎/L of calcium, 1.0㎎/L of potassium, 3.4㎎/L of magnesium, and 9.6㎎/L of sodium. The chemical characteristics were compared among the major ions, and the results are presented in a piper diagram. The content ratio of cations was in the order of Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺, whereas that of anions was in the order of SO₄^2-〉Cl^->NO_3-N>F^-. While the cations were slightly scattered, the anions were generally concentrated except for at a few points. The Ca-Na-HCO₃ type was dominant overall in water sources from diorite, gneiss, and granite, while the Na-Mg-Ca-HCO₃-Cl type was dominant in basalt sources. Mineral water manufacturers source their water under various conditions, including in-hole casing, excavation depth, and contact state of bedrock; even within the same rocky area, some differences in the water quality type can occur. When the depth of the water source was taken into account, the mean anions contents of F^-, Cl^-, NO₃-N^-, and SO₄^2- were similar, with no significant differences according to depth. Of the cations, K⁺ and Na⁺ showed no significant differences across all the tubular wells, whereas Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ decreased in content with depth.

유역하수도에서 강화된 방류수 수질 준수농도 적용을 위한 진위천수계 수질영향 평가

정동환 ( Donghwan Jeong ),조양석 ( Yangseok Cho ),안기홍 ( Ki Hong Ahn ),류지철 ( Jichul Ryu ),안경희 ( Kyunghee Ahn ),정현미 ( Hyenmi Chung ),권오상 ( Ohsang Kwon ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2015 환경영향평가 Vol.24 No.5

The different compliance concentration of effluent limit is applied to effluent discharged from public sewage treatment works(PSTWs) in each watershed on the basis of water quality thereof in accordance with the enforced Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan in 2013. It is necessary to set the compliance concentration of effluent limit for PSTWs in watershed sewer system, in order to achieve water quality criteria for regional watersheds or target water quality under TMDL program. Watershed Environmental Agencies establish the Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan and set the compliance concentration of effluent limit for PSTWs under the plan. The agencies have a plan to apply strengthened effluent BOD concentration limits for PSTWs in Ⅰ to Ⅳ area grade, respectively. Effluent BOD concentration limits will be strengthened from 5~10 mg/L to 3 mg/L in Ⅱ~Ⅲ area grade, from 10 mg/L to 5 mg/L in Ⅳ area grade. Uniform application of effluent BOD concentration limits to PSTWs in the watershed sewer system need to be complemented considering type of sewage treatment technology employed and watershed characteristics. Therefore, this study presents assessment methodology which analyze for the compliance concentration of effluent limit to affect water quality of discharge watershed using simulation model for the Jinwee-stream watershed.

강화도의 지질별 지하수 중 자연방사성 물질의 특성

김익현(Ikhyun Kim),김문수(MoonSu Kim),함세영(Se-Yeong Hamm),김현구(Hyunkoo Kim),김동수(Dongsoo Kim),조성진(Seongjin Jo),이헌민(Heonmin Lee),황종연(Jongyeon Hwang),조훈제(Hunje Jo),박선화(Sunhwa Park),정현미(Hyenmi Chung) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1

인천시 강화도의 지질별(중생대 화강암, 선캠브리아 편마암, 편암) 지하수의 자연방사성 물질과 수리지화학 성분의 특성을 연구하였다. 이 연구를 위하여, 8년 동안 69개 관정에서 지하수 시료를 채수하였다. 통계 분석을 이용하여 지하수의 수리지화학 성분과 자연방사성 물질의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구 지역 지하수의 수질유형은 Ca(Na)-HCO 3 형으로 나타났다. 우라늄은 3 개 지하수 시료에서 US EPA의 MCL(최대 오염 물질 수준)인 30 ug/L을 초과하였다. 라돈은 28개 지하수 시료에서 US EPA의 제안치인 AMCL(대체 최대 오염 물질 수준)인 4,000 pCi/L을 초과하였다. 모든 지하수 시료의 전알파(Gross-alpha)는 US EPA MCL인 15 pCi/L를 초과하지 않았다. 지하수에서의 우라늄과 라돈의 평균농도는 화강암에서 가장 높고, 그 다음으로 편마암, 편암의 순이다. 편암 지역의 라돈은 HCO 3 와 –0.40, 우라늄은 SO 4 과 0.54의 상관계수를 보였고, 편마암 지역의 경우 라돈은 우라늄과 0.55, 우라늄은 SO 4 과 0.41의 상관계수를 보였다. 요인분석에 의하면, 지질별로 각각 다른 거동특성을 가진다. 전체 지하수의 통계 분석 결과, 우라늄과 라돈 그리고 지화학 성분들 간에는 대체로 특이한 상관성을 나타내지 않았다. 자연방사성 물질의 거동과 운명을 보다 명확하게 이해하기 위해서는 자연방사성 물질의 수리지질학적, 지구화학적, 지질학적 특성에 대한 보다 상세한 연구가 요구된다. Groundwaters in different rock types (Mesozoic granite, Precambrian gneiss, and schist) of Ganghwa island, Incheon City were characterized by using naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and hydrogeochemical constituents. For the study, groundwater samples from 69 wells had been collected over eight years. Statistical methods were applied to relate hydrogeochemical components and NORM in the groundwater samples. The groundwater samples belonged to Ca(Na)-HCO 3 types. The uranium concentrations in three groundwater samples exceeded 30 ug/L of United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL). The radon concentrations in 28 groundwater samples exceeded 4,000 pCi/L (picocuries per Liter) of US EPA alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL). Gross-alpha in all the groundwater samples did not exceed 15 pCi/L of US EPA MCL. The average concentrations of uranium and radon in groundwater were the highest in granite area, and then gneiss, schist areas in order. In schist area, the correlation coefficient (R) between radon and HCO 3 is –0.40 and R between uranium and SO 4 is 0.54. In gneiss area, the R between radon and uranium is 0.55 and the R between uranium and SO 4 is 0.41. According to factor analysis, each geological area shows different chemical characteristics. The statistical analysis of whole groundwater resulted in nearly no significant relationship among uranium, radon and chemical constituents. Subsequently, more detailed studies on hydrogeological, geochemical, and geological characteristics related to NORM are required to better understand the behavior and fate of NORM.

먹는물 및 먹는샘물중의 미생물 검사

정현미 慶熙大學校 地球環境硏究所 1998 지구환경논문집 Vol.9 No.-

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to review current microbial analysis and management in drinking water including bottled water, and to propose the direction of the improvement. The background, rationals, and current status of microbial regulation and management of Korea and developed countries such as the US and EU were compared. The currently adopting methodology and the statistics of microbial parameters in water were described, and the direction of the improvement were suggested.

Comparative Survival of Indicator Viruses and Enteric Viruses in Seawater and Sediment

Chung, Hyenmi,Mark D. Sobsey 한국환경독성학회 1994 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Laboratory studies quantified the relative survival of F-specific coliphages, B. fragilis phages, hepatitis A virus, poliovirus, and rotavirus in seawater and seawater -sediment mixtures. Samples of each matrix were seeded with all five types of viruses and incubated at 5℃ and 25℃ for 60 days. F-specific coliphages were inactivated faster than three enteric viruses in seawater at 25℃ . In seawater-sediment mixture at 5 and 25℃ or in seawater at 5℃, their survival was comparable to the enteric viruses that died off most rapidly. In contrast, B. fragilis phages survived comparable to or better than enteric viruses in all test conditions. In presence of sediment, progressively more viruses were found to be associated with the sediment rather than supernatant water over time. The effect of sediment on survival of viruses differed among viruses with some viruses surviving longer in sediment than in water and others showing the reverse. Temperature was an important factor with significantly greater survival rates at 5℃ than at 25℃ for all five viruses.