Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Gyeong-Mi Lee,Sunhwa Park,Ki-In Kim,Sang-Ho Jeon,Dahee Song,Deok-hyun Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Seong-Taek Yun,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as NO₃-N, HCO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, PO₄<SUP>-</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NH₄-N, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was 23,973 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for cattle, 51,551 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for pig, and 52,100 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was 5.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 16.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 6.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 17.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density and 7.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 22.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was 7.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density, 10.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, Ca-(Cl+NO₃) group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Ki-In,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Song, Dahee,Kim, Deok-hyun,Kim, Tae-Seung,Yun, Seong-Taek,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as $NO_3-N$, ${HCO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4-N$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was $23,973g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for cattle, $51,551g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for pig, and $52,100g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$, $16.6mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $6.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $17.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density and $7.6mg\;L^{-1}$, $22.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was $7.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $9.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density, $10.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, $Ca-(Cl+NO_3)$ group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

정신적精神的 안식安息을 향한 푸른 물의 표현表現 : 본인의 작품을 중심으로 연구함

이미경 덕성여자대학교 대학원 2004 덕성여자대학교 대학원 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본인은 '푸른 물'을 주제로 작품을 제작하고 있다. '고여 있는 물'에서 출발한 '푸른 물'작업은, 다양하게 나타나는 물의 표현을 통해 인간의 삶을 반추시키고 관조적인 입장에 머무르게 한다. 그리고 물이 갖는 정화의 힘과 비물질적, 초월적인 푸른색을 통하여 '무無'를 경험하게 하면서 명상적 과정에 이르게 한다. 본인의 작업에 등장하는 푸른색은 노발리스Novalis가 쓴 『푸른꽃, 1800』의 주인공 하인리히, 뤽 베송Luc Besson 감독의 영화<그랑 블루Grand Blue, 1988>의 주인공 자크처럼 상징적인 푸른색을 통과함으로써 생사를 초월한 경지에 다다르는 데에 그 상징적 의미를 갖는다. 푸른색 물감을 커다란 캔버스에 찍고, 칠하고, 흘리고, 뿌리다보면 온몸의 기운이 붓과 물감을 통해 사방으로 흩어져 캔버스에 쌓인다. 한참을 뿌린 후 커다란 캔버스에 방인 푸른색 기운들은 본인의 주위를 온통 푸른색으로 둘러싸고 본인은 그 푸른색 안에 놓여있게 된다. 그 안에 놓여있는 '나'를 인식하다보면 마치 하인리히나, 자크처럼 푸른색 안에서 평안하고 신비함을 느낀다. 작업 후에 잠시 찾아오는 고요한 상황은 몸과 마음속에 있었던 어지러운 모든 것들을 다 비우게 한다. 분명 푸른색 안에서 본인은 잠시 어둠 같은 이끌림에 침잠했다가 치유되는 듯, 안정감을 찾으며 평안해진다. 다시 작품 속에서 빠져나와 작품을 바라보면, 푸른색에서 느끼는 시원함과 산뜻함이 현재의 '나'를 앞으로 향하는 마음으로, 새롭고 확장된 영역으로 이끈다. 이렇게 푸른 물의 표현은, 푸른색이 갖고 있는 모든 의미를 본인에게 경험시켜주면서 본인의 정신세계를 고양시킨다. 마치 하인리히를 자신과 외부의 세계를 만나게 하여 상징적인 현실로 이끌고, 자크의상실을 치유하고 재생을 도왔던 것처럼 본인에게 안식을 찾아준다. 물水 그 자체는 물질物質인 바다 또는 물을 나타내면서도 비물질화非物質化된 느낌으로 이미지가 확산擴散된다. 캔버스에 표현된 물과 바다는 아주 작거나 한정된 크기이지만 그 이미지를 통해 크고 넓은 물과 바다를 연상하게 된다. 물과 바다가 이미 거대巨大한 크기라는 것은 우리가 잘 알고 있는 현실이다. 잠시 그 바다나 물을 표시하거나 상징하기 위하여 일부가 작업으로 나타난 것이다. 작품을 바라보며 잠시 바다나 물을 대면하게 되고, 우리는 거대하고 압도적壓倒的인 이미지로 다가오는 바다나 물을 통해 '나'의 실체를 확인하고 삶을 깨닫게 된다. 여기에 푸른색이 주는 비물질적非物質的이고 명상적冥想的인 특징이 우리를 초월적超越的이고 확장된 영역으로 안내한다. The <Blue Water> series whose initial themes were the images of still pools represent various forms of water images and symbolize the life cycles of individual humans. The blue water images in my works contain the significant meanings of catharsis and transcendence that lead us an experience of spiritual repose. The color, blue, is selected in order to express the feelings of abyss, sadness, purgation, and spirituality. Blue is the absolute color whose aura reveals the mystical inner world that perpetually pushes me into asceticism and ceaselessly forces me to seek after truth. Likewise, Heinrich in <Blue Flower> by Novalis and Jacques in <Grand Blue> by Luc Besson desire to reach a transcendental and supersensible dimension through the passage of meaningful blues for themselves. It is the absolute dimension in which there are no differences between life and death. In my works, I endeavor to visualize this dimension, using the blue and representing its aura. After dripping, painting, scattering, flowing, sticking, and throwing blue pigments with paintbrushes onto the canvas, I find myself in repose. Dynamic movements I experience while I am painting tie me up to the cosmic energy that is generated from the aura of the blue. This performing experience leads me into the expanded fields of art and gives me senses of cure and regeneration. In this light, <Blue Water> is in the endless process and progress in which I am searching for my absolutely spiritual repose. The feeling of repose is derived from the dual qualities of water: physicality and non-physicality. People possibly imagine the ocean by the psychological association of the color, blue. The physicality of the ocean is visually and contextually applied to my works. This applied water images are found in the outcomes of brush strokes on the canvas in aid of physical visualization of water. At the same time, the blue in my works transfers the physicality of water into the non-physical experience of meditation. The physicality and non-physicality of water visually corresponds on the canvas and their unity offers the spectator the ultimate experience of physical and mental repose. It is the moment of mutual communication between the work of art and the spectator through spiritual experience of repose.

감자를 첨가한 기능성 크림수프의 품질 특성

한경필,한재숙,소기신행,김동석,박미란,이갑랑 한국조리과학회 2005 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of potato added functional cream soup. The highest crude protein (p<.01) and crude lipid (p<.001) were for the potato soup with added potato peel (S₃). The highest pH of 5.95 was for the potato soup with added potato peel (S₄). The highest lightness of 69.46(1, value) was for the potato soup with added potato peel (S₃) (p<.01). The redneess(a value) and yellowness(b value) were increased by the adding of potato peel to the potato soup(p<.01). Viscosity was increased by potato content, and was the highest for the potato soup (S₂) (p<.001). The glycoalkaloid content of the potato soup with added potato peel was 175 mg and 2.20 mg, for Si and S4 respectively. In sensory evaluation. the highest sensory scores for flavor and taste (p<.05) of mean 3.55 and 3.45, respectively, were obtained from the potato soup with added potato peel (S₄). The highest overall acceptability of mean 3.00 was for the potato soup with added potato peel (S₃) (p<.01).

집단유전 개념 학습에서 귀납적-연역적인 수업효과 비교

김위경,이미숙,이길재 한국과학교육학회 2003 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 집단 유전(하디-바인베르크 법칙)개념 학습에 있어서 귀납적 지도 방법과 연역적 지도방법에서 효과의 차이를 알아보고 학습자의 인지적 특성에 맞는 수업모형에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 연구대상은 고등학교 남학생 180명이며 90명은 귀납식 수업모형, 90명은 연역식 수업모형으로 수업을 하였다. 인지적 특성을 파악하기 위해서 논리적 사고력 검사(GALT)와 인지양식 검사(GEFT)를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 귀납적인 지도 방법이 연역적인 지도방법에 비해서 유의도 수준 0.01에서 개념 검사 및 성취도 검사에서 유의미하게 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 귀납적 지도방법이 형식적 조작기의 학생과 장 독립적 학생에게 있어서 연역적 地도방법에 비해 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인지수준이 과도기에 있는 학습자와 장의존적인 학습자에 있어서는 연역적 수업이 평균으로 볼 때는 효과적이었으나 통계적으로는 의미가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 교사들의 학습전략을 다양화 및 학습자의 인지수준과 인지양식에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사해준다. The purposes of this study was to investigate the effect of inductive Instructional method and deductive one concerning the learners' population genetic concepts and achievement according to learners' cognitive characteristics. For the study, 180 students were sampled from a boys' high school: 90 students for inductive teaching method and 90 students for deductive teaching method. Group Assessment of Logical Thinking(GALT) and Group Embedded Figure Test(GEFT) were used as the measure of cognitive characteristics. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The inductive instructional method was more effective in the understanding of population genetic concepts and their achievement. 2)Inductive instructional method was more effective than deductive one for the learners in formal operational level and in field independent cognitive style. 3) For the learners in a transitional level and field dependent cognitive style, deductive instructional way was more effective than inductive way on the average, but it was not statistically significant. It was turned out that learners' cognitive level was one of important factors when teachers instruct the concept of population genetics.

저장기간에 따른 오이김치의 비타민 C 및 클로로필 함량변화

박미란,이연정,고즈쿠에 노부유키,한재숙,최석현,허성미,한경필,최수근 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

This study was carried out to examine the changes of pH, chlorophyll, chlorophyll patterns and ascorbic acid contents, and sensory evaluation in Oi-Kimchi by the different periods of storage. The contents of chlorophyll a and b were 52.2% and 14.44% at storage 0 days, 20.67% and 16.99% at storage 11 days, 0% at storage 14 days, and decreased with storage times increased. But, phephorbide a and b were increased with storage times increased until storage 11 days, and were 28.44% and 1.25% at storage 0 days, 42.63% and 15.79% at storage 11 days, 0% at storage 12, 14 days. The contents of ascorbic acid were increased until storage 4 days, but afterwards were decreased with storage times increased, and were 2.57㎎% at storage 0 days, 5.49㎎% and 2.95㎎% at storage 11 days, 0% at storage 14 days. Sensory evaluations of appearance, flavor, taste, texture, overall acceptability showed the highest at storage 8 days, and disliked after storage 10 days.

딸기 와인 개발을 위한 최적 발효 조건

김민기, 박미성, 엄은경, 조은혜, 이종수 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2016 自然科學論文集 Vol.27 No.1

Optimal fermentation condition for development of new strawberry wine were investigated. Commercial yeast, Fermivin was good for brewing of strawberry wine and its optimal addition concentration was also 1%. Maximal ethanol content of strawberry wine was obtained when raw strawberry juice(24 brix) was fermented by 1% Fermivin at 25℃ for 7 days and its antioxidant activity was 78.5%. 새로운 딸기 와인을 개발하기 위한 최적 발효조건을 연구하였다. 시판효모인 페미빈이 딸기와인 제조에 제일 좋았고 1%가 최적 첨가 농도이었다. 딸기와인의 최대 에탄올 생성량은 생딸기주스 (24brix)를 1% 페미빈으로 25℃에서 7일 발효시켰을 때 얻어졌고 이 발효액의 항산화활성은 78.5% 이었다.

Carbon tetrachloride를 투여한 rat의 hepatic lipid 축적에 미치는 vitamin E의 효과에 관한 연구

박은주,이경연,이미영,이외숙,장재정,정귀은,최진희 曉星女子大學校 藥學大學 學生會 1988 曉星藥誌 Vol.4 No.-

The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the effect of vitamin E, CCl_4 on the change of hepatic triglyceride, hepatic cholesterol, hepatic phospholipid in male rat. The result obtained from this study were summarised as follows: 1. Hepatic phospholipid of CCl_4 treated rat was increased in proportion to CCl_4 dosage but after concomitant injection(I.P) of vitamin E and CCl_4, hepatic phospholipid was significantly decreased in comparison to that of CCl_4 alone injection. 2. There was no effect on hepatic cholesterol concentration either CCl_4 alone injection(I.P) or concomitant injecton(I.P) of vitamin E and CCl_4. 3. Hepatic triglyceride of CCl_4-treated rat was significantly increased in comparison to that of normal rat but hepatic triglyceride of rat concomitant injection of vitamin E and CCl_4 was significantly decreased in comparison to that of CCl_4 alone injection.

도시와 농촌 지역 유아교육기관의 무용교육의 인식과 수행정도에 관한 연구도시와 농촌 지역 유아교육기관의 무용교육의 인식과 수행정도에 관한 연구

이미경,임혜자 韓國舞踊敎育學會 2005 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers who worked at early childhood education institutes in rural and urban regions, including kindergartens and daycare centers, perceived dance education, in which way more professional dance education could be provided and to what extent they actually offered dance education. After a survey was conducted, the responses from 202 teachers were gathered and analyzed with SPSS WINDOW 10.0 program. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, the preschool teachers in the urban and rural areas were well aware of the definition of dance education, and they placed high value on its merit and effectiveness. And they put emphasis on the necessity of professional dance education and of expert teachers. Second, as for how more professional preschool dance education could be provided, the rural teachers considered it more necessary for college dance departments to make research on the development of young children than the urban teachers did, and the gap between them was significant. Third, regarding the place of dance education, that was conducted the most in classroom, followed by auditorium and dancing room. Concerning clothes and frequency, plain clothes was most widely used, followed by sportswear and dancing costumes. And dance education was mostly provided once a week. Fourth, there was a gap between their preferences according to geographic region. The rural teachers found young children to enjoy dance education more than their counterparts did, and the former attached more importance to class atmosphere, provided more motivation through music and language, offered more dance classes and took more mini-courses in dance. The above-mentioned findings suggested that the geographic region made a more difference to the preschool teachers' outlook on the way of offering professional dance education and to their preference for dance education, and there was little significant regional gap between their views of dance education and the necessity of professional dance education. In the future, higher-quality dance education could be provided to young children, regardless of geographic regions, if early childhood education circles and dance education circles put concerted efforts into developing preschool dance education by taking advantage of the positives of interdisciplinary studies.

Ecological characteristics and trap plant attraction effect of Metcalfa pruinosa in red pepper cultivation area of Korea

Hwa-Young Seo,Gyeong-Ju Lee,In-Su Hwang,Mi-Sook Na,Yong-Seok Choi 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

Metcalfa pruinosa is the agricultural pest, first reported in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, Gyeongnam, Korea in 2009. This pests are difficult to control due to the wide range of hosts such as beans, apples, ginseng, pears, persimmon, and peaches. This study was carried out to investigate the ecological characteristics of M. pruinosa in pepper cultivation area. As a result of the density of M. pruinosa survey in Chungnam, Korea in 2018, the density of wintering-eggs, nymph, adult was the largest in Dang-jin area. And the results of the ecological characteristcs survey of M. pruinosa in red pepper cultivation area of Korea, M. pruinosa didn’t enter a red pepper field. In addition, the possibility of using three kinds of plants as attraction plants was examined in order to control environmentally friendly M. pruinosa. Among them, the greatest number of M. pruinosa nymph were attracted to Sunflower and Green perilla during nymph stage.