한국인에게서 그레이브스병 약물치료의 적정기간

이형숙,이동훈,정희선,이종우,김정은,신승수,정윤석,이관우,김현만 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.1

연구배경: 그레이브스병의 치료에는 항갑상선제, 수술 및 방사성 요오드법이 선택되어 사용되고 있다. 이중 항갑상선제는 가장 많이 선호되고 있으나 낮은 관해율과 높은 재발율로 장기간 치료기간이 요구된다. 저자들은 그레이브스병 환자에게서, 선택되는 치료법의 선호도와 각 치료법의 관해율을 조사하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 항갑선제 치료의 적정기간을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 아주대학교병원에 내원한 환자 중 1년 이상 추적관찰이 가능한 205명의 그레이브스병 환자를 대상으로 조사하였다. 항갑상제군, 수술군 및 방사성 요오드군은 각각 170명, 29명 그리고 6명이었다. ROC curve를 이용하여 약물치료의 예후예측인자를 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 그레이브스병 환자의 치료 방법의 선택은 항갑상선제군, 수술군 및 방사성 요오드군 각각 170명(83.0%), 29명(14.1%) 그리고 6명(2.9%)으로 항갑상선제 치료가 가장 선호되었다. 2) 그레이브스병의 관해율은 항갑상선제군, 수술군 및 방사성 요오드군에서 각각 60.0%(102/170명), 96.5%(28/29명) 그리고 83.0%(5/6명)으로 수술군이 가장 높았다. 3) ROC curve의 AUC는 치료기간과 진단시 TBII가 각각 0.709 및 0.648이었고 적절한 약물투여 추적 관찰기간은 26개월이었다. 결론: 그레이브스병의 일차 치료법으로는 항갑상선제가 선호되고 있으나 수술 및 방사성 요오드 치료군에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 관해율을 보였다. 따라서 항갑상선제 치료로 26개월 이상 관해가 되지 않을 경우에는 치료 방법의 변경을 고려하는 것이 관해율을 높이는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Background: Graves' disease in an organ specific autoimmune disease. Three kinds of therapeutic modalities (antithyroid drugs, ablation with radioactive iodine and subtotal thyroidectomy) are frequently performed for the management of this disease. The most popular therapeutic policy for the disease in Korea is antithyroid treatment. We analysed and compared the remission rates of all three modalities for Graves' disease, and evaluated the antithyroid modality to determine the correct duration of treatment. Subjects & Methods : The medical records of 205 patients with Graves' disease were reviewed. For the evaluation of the antithyroid modality medical treatment, antithyroid drugs were administered for more than 1 year. The prognostic factors associated with remission were analysed by means of an ROC curve. Results: 1) Of the 205 patients, proportions that received medical therapy, subtotal thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy were 83.0, 14.1 and 2.9%, respectively. 2) The remission rates of the medical therapy, surgery and radioiodine therapy were 60.0, 96.5 and 83.0%, respectively. 3) The remission rate of the medical therapy was associated with the duration of medication and TBII activity. The determined proper duration for the antithyroid treatment was 26 months from the ROC curve analysis. Conclusion: The above results suggest that the proper duration of antithyroid treatment for Graves' disease is 26 months, after which time the subtotal thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy should be considered if the disease has not remitted (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 18:24∼31, 2003).

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 적극적 환자 교육이 혈당조절에 미치는 효과

이윤욱,황원선,최선정,이동훈,김도현,이은희,홍은경,노혜림,정윤석,이관우,김현만 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.1

연구배경: 현재까지의 당뇨병 교육에 대한 노력은 제한되었으며, 연구 결과를 보면 식사 조절 교육과 체중 조절 프로그램을 수행한 환자들 중 적극적이고 기간이 긴 교육을 받은 경우, 성공적 결과가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 자가관리나 체중감량 등의 당뇨병 치료의 중요한 목표는 적극적이고 긴 기간의 교육 없이는 시행되기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 외래에서 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 시행할 수 있는 행동 및 식사 교육 등의 적극적 교육 프로그램을 개발하여 제2형 당뇨병 환자들을 대상으로 이들에게 식사 조절 방법에 대한 목표설정과 문제에 직면하였을 때의 해결 방법 등을 교육해서 궁극적으로는 적극적 자아관리에 연결될 수 있도록 도와주는 것을 목적으로 기존의 통상적 교육과 보다 적극적인 교육이 당뇨병 환자의 혈당 조절에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보기 위해 다음과 같은 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 아주대학교 병원 내분비 대사 내과를 처음으로 방문하여 치료받았던 58명의 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 내원 환자들을 무작위하게 추출하여 진찰권 번호 끝자리에 따라 홀수는 통상적 교육군(conventional education group, CE)과 짝수는 적극적 교육군(intensive education group, IE)으로 나누어 교육하고, 3개월후에 교육의 효과를 평가하였다. 결과: 1) 연구 대상자들의 교육 전과 후의 공복혈당, 식후2시간 혈당 및 HbA_lc 치는 IE군과 CE군 모두 각 그룹 내에서, 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). IE군에서는 공복혈당이 12.4nmol/L에서 7.7nmol/L로, 식후2시간 혈당이 20.3nmol/L에서 10.9nmol/L으로, HbA_lc치가 9.4%에서 7.0%로 모두 교육 전에 비하여, 교육 후에 감소(p<0.05)하였고, CE군도 공복혈당은 10.9nmol/L에서 9.4nmol/L로, 식후2시간 혈당은 17.1nmol/L에서 14.6nmol/L으로 HbA_lc가 8.5%에서 7.3%으로 모두 교육 후에 감소하였다(p<0.05). 또한, 교육 전에 비하여 교육 후에 공복 혈당 및 HbA_lc치가 감소하는 정도는 IE군에서의 감소가 CE군에 비해 더 현저하였다Op<0.05). 2) 식사에 대한 태도는 3부분으로 나누어 식사에 대한 규칙성, 식사 내용의 균형성, 식사에 대한 태도 등으로 나누어 각각의 점수 및 총점을 비교하였으며 교육 전에 비해 교육 후에 연구 대상자들의 식태도가 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 두 그룹간의 차이를 분석한 결과 식사의 균형성 항목에서와 총점에서 유의적으로 두 그룹의 차이를 보여서 IE군에 CE군에 비해 식사의 균형성 측면이 향상되었고, 전체적인 식태도가 좋아졌음을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05). 결론: 비교적 긴 기간은 아니지만 적극적 교육을 받은 당뇨병 환자들이 통상적 교육을 받은 군보다 혈당 및 HbA_lc, 식태도 점수등의 수치의 호전뿐만 아니라 당뇨병 환자의 삶에서 중요한 부분을 차지하는 식사요법 관리 부분에 있어 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. Background: To this date, efforts to develop effective methods for the education of diabetic patients have been limited. The important goal of self-management and weight control for diabetic treatment can not be attained without long and intensive period of education. This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of an intensive educational program, of behavior and diet control, which was carried out on subjects with type 2 diabetes, on and out-patient basis. we compared the effectiveness of an intensive education programme with that of a conventional education programme for the self-management of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected, and allocated to one of two groups. One group received a conventional education programme of self-management(the CE group), and the second group received an intensive education progammes for three months, after which the effectiveness of the programmes were evaluate. Results: 1) The levels of fasting blood sugar(FBS), postprandial 2 hour blood sugar(PP2h) and HbA1c were significantly lowered in both groups following the intervention(p<0.05). In the IE group, the FBS declined from 12.4nmol/L to 7.7nmol/L, PP2h declined from 20.3nmol/L to 10.9nmol/L, and the HbA_lc showed a similar decline from 9.4 to 7.0% after intervention(p<0.05). In the Ce group, the FBS declined from 10.9 to 9.4nmol/l, the PP2h decreased from 17.1 to 14.6nmol/l, and the HbA_lc also decreased from 8.5 to 7.3% after intervention(p<0.05). The decrease in the FBS and HbA_lc following the educational intervention was more pronounced in the IE group than the CE group(p<0.05). 2) The effectiveness of the education programmes in promoting appropriate dietary behavior in the diabetic subjects was assessed by a scoring system in three parts: a regularity score, a balance score and an attitude score. From a comparative study of the three scores, the patients attitudes were observed to be much improved in both the groups following the intervention compared to before the programmes, but the balance and total scores were significantly higher in the IE group than the CE group(p<0.05). Conclusion: We can conclude that the intensive diabetic education programme is more effective than a conventional programme, not only in improving the patients' levels of glucose, HbA_lc, and dietary score, but also the diabetic patients self-control abilities, promoting behavioral change, and prompting problem solving capabilities in respect to the everyday problems that they have to face throughout their lives(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 18:63∼72, 2003).

男左·女右 理論에 따른 顔面神經痲痺의 臨床的 考察

李寬順,金南權,林圭庠 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1997 원광한의학 Vol.7 No.1

著者는 臨床에서 흔히 患者들로부터 구안와사의 豫候에 대해 "男左女右"와 關聯하여 질문을 받으므로 이에 대한 臨床的 妥當性을 알아보기 위해 1995年 9月 1日부터 1996年 8月 31日 까지 1年間 圓光大學校 附屬 全州韓方病院 外官科 外來에 來院하여 구안와사를 診斷받은 總 148명을 對象으로 發病動機 및 身體狀態, 年齡別 分布, 男女 左右別 發生率, 總 來院患者에 대한 治療率, 年齡別 發生率, 男女 左右에 따른 治療率을 각각 臨床 觀察하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 發病動機 및 身體狀態는 風寒과 연관되는 原因이 가장 많았으며, 肉體過勞, 精神過勞, 飮酒 등의 순으로 나타났고, 2가지 이상의 原因이 있는 경우는 精神過勞와 肉體過勞가 겸해오는 경우가 많았다. 2. 年齡別 分布는 50-59세가 가장 높았고, 40-49세, 30-39세, 20-29세, 60-69세, 70세 이상, 1-9세, 1세 이하의 순으로 각각 나타났다. 3. 男女 左右別 發病率은 右側 顔面神經이 痲痺된 男子 患者가 가장 많았으며, 右側 顔面神經이 痲痺된 女子 患者, 左側 顔面神經이 痲痺된 男子 患者, 左側 顔面神經이 痲痺된 女子 患者 순으로 나타났으나 發病率에 큰 차이는 없었다. 4. 總 來院患者 148명에 對한 治療率은 52.53%로 나타났다. 5. 年齡別 治療率은 1-9세가 가장 높았으며, 70세 이상, 50-59세, 40-49세, 60-69세, 20-29세, 30-39세, 10-19세의 순이었고, 주로 中·老年層이 治療率이 높게 나타났다. 6. 男女와 左右에 따른 治療率은 顔面神經痲痺의 女子 患者가 가장 높게 나타났고, 右側 顔面神經痲痺의 男子 患者, 左側 顔面神經痲痺의 女子 患者, 左側 顔面神經痲痺의 男子 患者의 순으로 나타났고, 男女 모두 右側에 發病한 患者의 治療率이 左側보다 높게 나타났으나, 특별한 有意性은 없었다. 以上의 結果로 보아 韓醫學的 生理 病理理論인 男左女右의 豫候와 治療率은 一致하지 않았으나 此後 좀더 많은 患者數와 오랜 期間의 臨床을 통한 硏究가 要求될 것으로 思料된다. The author analyzed 148cases of Facial Palsy, who were treated in the Jeon-ju Oriental Medical Hospital of Wonkwang University from September 1995 to August 1996. I've examined the 148 cases in the view of the etiologic distributions, the age, the relationship of the sex and paralytic side, and the ratio of recovery according to the age, the relations of sex and paralytic side. The following results are obtained. 1. The ratio of punghan(風寒) was 18.24%(27 cases), overwork was 14.86%(22 cases), stress was 12.84%(19 cases), excessive drinking was 2.70%(4 cases), teeth pain was 2.02%(3 cases), and idiopathy was 37.84(56) and etc. 2. The ratio of 5th decade were 20.95%(31 cases), 4th decade was 18.25%(27 cases), 3th decade was 17.57%(26 cases), 2th decade was 14.19%(21 cases), 6th decade was 12.16%(18 cases), over seventy was 10.81%(16 cases), teenagers was 4.05%(6 cases), under teenagers was 1.35%(2 cases), and infant was 0.67%(1 case). 3. The ratio of the male-right was 28.38%(42 cases), female-right was 25.68%(38 cases), male-left was 22.30%(33 cases), female-left was 21.62%(32 cases), female-both side was 1.35%(2 cases) and male-both side was 0.67%(1 case) in order. 4. When we examined the degree of recovery about the 148 patients, perfect cure was seen in 17.57%( 26 cases), excellent in 25.00%(37 cases), good in 22.30%(33 cases), fair in 20.27%(30 cases), poor in 14.86%(22 cases). The total remedial value of the 148 patients was revealed 52.53%. 5. When we examined the 148 patients the remedial value of the infant was 50.00%, under teenagers 62.50%, teenagers 41.67%, 2th decade 47.62%, 3th decade 44.23%, 4th decade 54.63%, 5th decade 58.87%, 6th decade 51.39%, over seventieth 60.94%. The remedial value of under teenagers, 4th decade, 5th decade, over seventieth were higher than the total remedial value(52.53%) 6. In the point of the relationship of the sex and the paralytic side, the remedial value of male-left was 51.47%, male-right 53.45%, male-both side 50.00%, femaled-left 47.62%, female-right 58.75% and female-both 37.50%. The remedial value of male-right(53.45%) and female-fight(58.75%) were higher than the total remedial value(52.53%). These results demonstrated that in the point of prognostic view, there was little concerned with the traditional rule of sex-paralytic relationship that man is awed left paralysis and woman right paralysis.

물-공기 계면에서 긴 사슬 양 말단 작용기 분자인 α,ω-13,16-Dimethyloctacosanedioate Dimethylester(C_30DME)의 거동에 관한 연구

이정근,손대원,이관수,송석호,김현명,정선호 한양대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 自然科學論文集 Vol.20 No.-

물-공기 계면에서 표면압력의 증가에 따른 C30DME 분자의 구조 변화를 살펴보았다. 표면압력(π)-표면적(A) 등온선을 통해 표면적이 줄어들 때 C30DME 분자가 선형으로부터 역 U 자형 구조로 변하는 것을 확인하였다. C30DME의 역 U 자형 구조의 형성을 확인하기 위하여 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)와 ellipsometry를 이용하여 Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film 의 두께를 측정하였고 이 두께는 C30DME 분자의 역 U 자형 구조의 높이와 일치함을 관찰하였다. 또한 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)을 이용한 표면 거침도 측정의 결과는 선형으로부터 역 U자형 구조로의 구조적 변화가 불연속이라는 것을 보여주었다. We investigated the conformational change of C30DME molecule with an increase on surface pressure at the air-water interface. The surface pressure (π)-area (A) isotherm indicates that the structure of C30DME changed from linear to reverse U-shape as the surface area was compressed. In order to confirm the formation of reverse U-shape, we examined the thickness of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and an ellipsometry. The result of surface roughness measurement using an atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that the conformational change from linear to reverse U-shape is discontinuous.

영幼兒養育에 關한 調査

李性寬,宋善祐,尹能基,李學洙,鄭鍾學,C.Kersting 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1973 慶北醫大誌 Vol.14 No.2

There is no doubt that good nutrition for infants relates not only to the health of the individual but also influences the health of the nation. In spite of nutrition's trememdous importance, there is no data available concerning infant nutrition and, moreover, there is no study about the knowledge, attitudes and practies of infant feeding and weaing. Taking into account the fact that most infants in Korea are breast fed, and have a long lactation period, there must be provision for adequate supplemental food at the proper time. The first step in launching a new health program should be the exact evaluation of the present status of infants' feeding diet. This study was designed to collect basic data on the status of infants' nutrition in order that these data might be sued as program organization indicators for the improvement of infant nutrition. The data were obtained through interviewing 726 mothers who registered their children at the Taegu MCH Center's well baby clinic.

음악유형에 따른 태권도 품새시 운동강도와 정서변화

이선장,박남환,강승호 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to invesigate the effects of music types on the relative intensity(heart rate) and variation of mood state in taekwondo poomse training. ten apparently healthy volunteers from keimyung university taekwondo student signed a standard informed consent to participate in this study. Each subject performed the taekwondo poomse(teaguc poomse 1-8) two times following positve and nagative music and white noise in a random order for 8-9min at a pace that would be used during normal training. the music samples were differently associated with emotion. fast-tempo, loud song were rate as positive and slow-tempo, soft songs were identified as nagative. To evaluate HRmax, it was use graded maximal test, continuous heart rate measures were recorded throughout the teakwondo poomse drill with recovery period. the variation of mood state were investigated by question-naire. The experimental data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Based on the finding of the study, the following conclusion has been derived. 1. The change of the heart rate during taekwondo poomse drill: HR as exercise intensity of movement of taekwondo drill, fast-tempo, loud song group have shown significantly higher(p<.01) than white noise and soft song group at various periods. 2. The change of the RPE during taekwondo poomse drill: White noise and soft song groups were significantly lower(p<.01) than fast-tempo, loud song group during taekwondo poomse drill 3. The change of the mood state after taekwondo poomse drill: Tension of mood state was siginificant difference between white noise and soft song group but other variable were no significant differences in groups. In conclusion, this study provides some support the hypothesis that fast, loud music increase physiological (heart rate) or psychological arouse.(Mood state)

백서의 우울모형에서의 칼슘통로 길항제 에타베린(Ethaverine)의 항우울효과

이상경,김선희,김록우,윤성환,김용관,김경태,김영훈 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 본 전임상연구에서는 우울증의 두가지 동물모형을 통해 에타베린이 단독 혹은 이미프라민과 병용처치 되었을 때의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 표준화된 검사법인 강제수영검사를 사용하여 옹성백서에게 에타베린(20mg/kg) 및 이미프라민 (20mg/kg)을 단독 혹은 병용 처치하였을 때의 부동시간의 변화를 관찰하였고, 경도의 만성 스트레스를 3주간 가한 후 4주간 에타베린과 이미프라민을 단독 혹은 병용 처치하였을때의 자당섭취량의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과: 약물을 1회 단기처치 및 7일간 장기처치한 강제수영검사에서 이미프라민 및 에타베린 단독처치는 대조군에 비하여 부동시간의 단축을 보였고 에타베린은 이미프라민의 부동시간 감소에 대한 증강작용을보였다. 경도의 만성스트레스 실험에서도 3주간의 스트레스로 인하여 감소된 백서의 자당섭취량을 이미 프라민 및 에타베린이 회복시켰으며, 치료초기에 두 약물의 병용처치효과가 두드러졌다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 에타베린이 향우울 효과를 가지고 있음을 시사하며, 삼환계 항우울제인 이미프라민의 항우울효과를 증강시키므로 에타베린의 임상적 활용 가능성을 보여준다. Objectives: This pre-clinical study was performed to assess the effects of ethaverine in the two kinds of behavioral models of depression in rats. Methods: We observed the changes of the immobility time in the froced swimming test and the quantity of sucrose consumed in the chronic mild stress model, using ethaverine(20mg/kg) alone, imipramine(20mg/kg) alone, or ethaverine and imipramine concomitantly. Results: In the forced swimming test, both single treatment and chronic treatment(for 7days) with imipramine or ethaverine significantly reduced the immobility time, and concomitant chronic treatment with ethaverine potentiated the effect of imipramine. In the chronic mild stress model, both imipramine and ethaverine reversed the decreased sucrose consumption induced by 3-week stress and concomitantly treated ethaverine potentiated the effect of imi-pramine in the early phase of treatment. Conclusions: The data suggest that ethaverine can be used alone or concomitantly with other antidepressants in the clinical situation.

母의 特性이 幼兒保健에 미치는 影響

李性寬,姜福秀,金玉培,宋善祐 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

幼兒保健에 영향을 미치는 母의 특성중 年齡과 敎育程度를 中心으로 이에 따른 幼兒登錄時期, 豫防接種, 健康相談回數 및 健康相談期間 등의 실태를 알기 위해 1980年 5月 15日부터 同年 10月 20日까지 1970年度 大邱 母子保健센타에 登錄된 幼兒 2,635名을 對象으로 조사 분석하였다. 성적을 要約하면 다음과 같다. 幼兒保健管理를 위한 登錄時期는 2個月以內 早期登錄率은 1,690名中 73.1%이며, 母의 年齡이 젊은 群이 40才以上 高齡群에 比하여 早期에 登錄한 것으로 나타났고, 高等學校以上 高學歷群이 中卒以下 低學歷群보다 出生後 早期에 登錄한 것으로 나타났다. 「디 피·티」와 「폴리오」의 완전 3回 接種者는 各各 53.8%와 61.5%로 完全한 接種이 이루어지지 않고 있으며, 兩者 모두 母의 年鈴이 젊을수록 敎育程度가 높을수륵 3回 完全 接種率이 높게 나타났으나 統計的으로는 有意한 差異를 인정할 수 없었다. 「디·피·티」와 「폴리오」의 豫防接種時期에 있어 適期豫防接種者는 各各 40.6%와 39.8%로 나타나 과반수 이상이 適期接種을 하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 「디·피·티」의 適期 接種率은 母의 年齡이 젊을수록 그리고 學歷이 높을수록 그 接種率이 높게 나타났으며, 「폴리오」의 경우도 年齡이 젊을수록 適期 接種率이 有意하게 높고 高學歷群이 低學歷群보다 適期 接種率이 有意하게 높았다. 「비시지」 適期接種은 生後 1個月以內로 되어 있으나 全體約으로 불과 22% 程度가 適期接種을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 「비시지」接種時期에 있어서도 母의 年齡이 젊을수록 그리고 敎育水準이 높을수록 1個月以內 適期 接種率이 높게 나타났다. 幼兒 保健營理를 위하여 健康相談을 실시한 회수에 있어서는 전대상에서는 平均相談回數가 3.9回로 나타났고 70% 以上이 4回以內로 中斷하였으며, 6回以上 실시한 경우는 母의 年齡이 젊을수록 相談回數의 빈도가 높았고 敎育程度가 높을수록 相談回數가 增加하는 경향을 나타내었다. 영·幼兒健康相談期間과 豫防接種과의 比較 調査에서 대체로 50%정도는 「디·피·티」을 3回 最終 接種과 동시에 相談을 中斷한 것으로 나타났고, 母의 年齡이 젊을수록 그리고 敎育水準이 높을수록 최후접종과 동시에 中斷한 率이 낮았으며, 相談期間도 연장된 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 成續을 종합하면 母의 年齡이 젊을수록 그리고 敎育水準이 높을수록 幼兒保健에 더 有利한 영향을 주었음을 알 수 있지만 본 硏究에서 젊은 年齡群이 대체로 學歷이 높은 것을 勘案할 때 敎育程度가 幼兒保健에 더 有關하게 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료되는 바이다. The present study was conducted to investigate the status of child health care and the relationship between child health and mother's characteristics such as age and educational level on 2,635 children registered at Daegu MCH Center in 1978, during the period of 5 months from May to October 1980. Analysis of the study was infant registration time, vaccination times, begining time of vaccination, consultation times for child health, and health consultation period since complete vaccination of D.P.T. Of the 1,690 infants in the study, 73.1 percent were registered within 2 months after birth for child health care at MCH Center. The rate of early registration increased with younger groups and higher educational levels of mothers (p<0.005). The rates of complete vaccination of D.P.T. and Polio revealed 53.8 percent and 61.5 percent, respectively. The rates of two kinds of vaccination showed increasing tendency with younger and higher educational groups of mothers. The rates of D.P.T. and Polio vaccination given properly within 2 months after birth revealed 40.6 percent and 39.8 percent, respectively. The percent of polio vaccination given properly increased with younger groups and higher educational levels of mothers (p<0.05). Only ene-fifth of infants(22%) were given BCG vaccination properly within the first month after birth. Overall, average number of visits for health consultation was 3.9. More than 70 percent of the infants had 1-4 visits of health consultation. Frequency of visits for health consultation increased with younger group of mothers (p<0.05). More than half of the Infants had no visit for health consultation after vaccination of 3 complete doses of D.P.T. The period of health consultation showed prolonging tendency with frequent visits among yonger groups and higher educational groups of mothers.

성교육 프로그램이 초등헉교 5학년 학생의 성 관련 지식 및 태도에 미치는 효과

이관순,이정숙 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the sex education program on the elementary school students' sex-related knowledge and attitude. The research method used in this study is an equivalent control group pre-test and post-test and post-test design in a quasi-experimental research format. The subjects of this study were the 5th-grade elementary school students(63 in the experimental group and 60 in the control group) in O and O elementary school in G city. The data was collected from April 4th to July 3th, 2003. The experimental group received a sex education program while the control group did not receive any treatment. The sex education program was implemented for 40 minutes every 2-3 days which total twelve sessions over 4 weeks. Using the SPSS 10.0 program, the data was analyzed by x²- test, Fisher exact test, t-test, and a repeated measures ANOVA., Results : The experimental group who received the sex education program showed a significantly higher sex-related knowledge score than the control group (F=140.52, p=.00l). The experimental group showed a significantly higher sex relatied attitudes score than the control group (F=40.80, p=.00l). This study concluded that the sex education program was effective in both sex-related knowledge and attitudes for elementary school students. Therefore, it appears to be effective for 5th-grade students to receive intensive sex education. It es recommended that the schools and government develop education media and a sex education program for parents, have a sex education teacher and a place where students can be counseled, and a professional consultant who can effectively counsel the students regarding sex-related issues.

돼지 하악 과두의 해면골에서 유한요소분석법으로 예측한 방향에 따른 탄성율과 3차원 골 미세지표 간의 상관관계

박관수,이삼선,허경회,이원진,허민석,최순철 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2008 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.38 No.2

Purpose : To investigate the relationship between 3D bone architectural parameters and direction-related elastic moduli of cancellous bone of mandibular condyle. Materials and Methods : Two micro-pigs (Micro-pig^(R), PWG Genetics Korea) were used. Each pig was about 12 months old and weighing around 44 kg. 31 cylindrical bone specimen were obtained from cancellous bone of condyles for 3D analysis and measured by micro-computed tomography. Six parameters were trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone specific surface (BS/BV), percent bone volume (BV/TV), structure model index (SMI), degree of anisotropy (DA) and 3-dimensional fractal dimension (3DFD). Elastic moduli of three orthogonal directions (superiorinferior (SI), medial-lateral (ML), andterior-posterior (AP) direction) were calculated through finite element analysis. Results : Elastic modulus of superior-inferior direction was higher than those of other directions. Elastic moduli of 3 orthogonal directions showed different correlation with 3D architectural parameters. Elastic moduli of SI and ML directions showed significant strong to moderate correlation with BV/TV, SMI and 3DFD. Conclusion : Elastic modulus of cancellous bone of pig mandibular condyle was highest in the SI direction and it was supposed that the change into plate-like structure of trabeculae was mainly affected by increase of trabeculae of SI and ML directions.