잠수장비와 수중환경에서 나타난 스쿠버 다이버들의 교육불이행

임현수(Lin, Hyun-Soo),강은석(Kang, Eun-Suk) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

This study is to follow the studies, which were conducted in Moon island between July and October in 2010. The previous studies, which were conducted by Lim, Hyun-soo and Kang Eun-suk in 2010, studied the current status of education of divers by classifying it into five subjects such as diving science, diving equipment, diving safety, underwater environment, and diving activities through FGI of expert groups. Being aware of the lack of materials about the observation of non-fulfillment of education on diving equipment and underwater environment and interviews, we made visits to the spots where the previous studies were conducted between July 28 and August 2nd to newly add up materials on interviews and questionnaires and analysed the cause and problems of the educational non-fulfillment about diving equipment and underwater environment. The educational non-fulfillment about diving equipment resulted in inappropriate management of equipment and loss of equipment, immature assembly of equipment of equipment, the loss of waist belts, and diving knife"s inappropriate use. The educational non-fulfillment about underwater environment brought about the damage of underwater environment, panic by underwater environment, conflicts with fishing villages, and the problems of trash-littering and defecation.

연구개의 이소성 뇌조직 - 1예 보고-

최현주,이연수,김영신,이교영,강창석,심상인 대한병리학회 1998 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.32 No.11

Mechanical Alloying에 의한 Ti_xCu_90-xAl_10(x=50,60)의 비정질화 및 열적성질

강종욱,김현구,김혜숙,이상열 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 自然科學硏究 Vol.19 No.1

Amorphous powders of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) system were synthesized by mechanical alloying method under an argon atmosphere. The amorphization process of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders after milling by MA were studied by XRD, SEM and DSC experiments. We found that the best milling conditions of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders were a ball-to powder weight ratio of 15 : 1 and a revolving velocity of 250rev min^-1 in this experiment. XRD patterns of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders obtained by MA showed broad peaks as the increasing of milling times of the powders. So we confirmed the amorphization of the powders. The position of peak intensity 2θ(max.) of amorphous powders decreased nearly linearly with the increase of titanium concentration. Average particle size of the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders were 20∼26㎛ from SEM micrograph. In the DSC experiment, crystallization temperature and peak temperature were observed to increase for the Ti_xCu_(90-x)Al_10(x=50,60) powders with increased titanium concentration. The activation energy of the Ti_50Cu_40Al_10 and Ti_60Cu_30Al_10 powders were 260.57 and 253.10KJ/mole, respectively. the crystallization fraction of the Ti_50Cu_40Al_10 and Ti_60Cu_30Al_10 powders were found to be 3.02% at 458℃ and 1.32% at 477.2℃.

내시경적 점막절제술로 치험한 식도 과립상 세포종 1례

강혁주,김성욱,최석진,이중현,장재식,서영범,윤병구,박건욱,김성자,김용섭,강승완,이구,양창헌,이창우,김욱년,이광헌,서정일 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

과립상 세포종은 Schwann 세포 기원으로 생각되며 인체에 비교적 드물게 발생한다. 과립상 세포종은 전신 어느 곳에서나 발견될 수 있으나 주로 혀, 구강, 피부 혹은 유방 등에서 호발하며 드물게 위장관에서 발견된다. 위장관에서는 식도에서 가장 호발하며 다음으로 위, 대장 순이다. 과립상 세포종은 대부분, 특히 위장관에서는 양성이며 소수의 악성 병변이 보고되었다. 이러한 이유와 함께 수술 전의 진단이 어렵기 때문에 과립상 세포종에 대한 근본적인 치료는 현재까지 외과적 절제술이다. 최근에 시도되는 치료방법들로는 내시경적 레이저 치료, 용종절제술, 내시경적 점막 절제술 등이 있다. 저자들은 상부 소화관 내시경검사를 시행하여 식도 과립상 세포종을 진단하고 내시경적 점막 절제술을 시행하여 합병증 없이 퇴원하여 현재 재발없이 경과 관찰중인 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Granular cell tumors, which occur infrequently, are probably of Schwann cell origin. They can occur almost anywhere in the body but usually affect the tongue, oral cavity, skin, or breasts and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tracts. The esophagus is the most frequent gastrointestinal site, followed by the stomach and the colon. Granular cell tumors are generally benign, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, some malignant lesions have been reported. For this reason, and also because preoperative diagnosis is difficult, the standard treatment for granular cell tumor has until now been surgical excision. In recent years, other therapeutic methods is endoscopic laser therapy (ELT), polypectiomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We report a case of esophageal granular cell tumor which was diagnosed by an endoscopy and managed using an endoscopic mucosal resection without complication.

Pd 촉매하에서 allylic alcohol과 hypervalent iodine 화합물의 위치 선택적 vinylation에 관한 연구

강석구,이홍우,장수범,김태현,편성재 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.2

The formation of carbon-carbon bond by palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl or vinyl halides with olefins, known as the Heck reaction, has become a powerful tool in organic chemistry. In the case of allylic alcohols, palladium-catalyzed reaction of organic halides usually affords β-substituted ketones or aldehydes rether than β-substituted allylic alcohols.

탄수화물에서 syn-과 anti-2, 3-디히드록시 알데히드의 합성 : L-Factor와 Muricatacin의 합성

강석구,조현성,심형수 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.1

천연물합성에 있어서 합성중간체로서 유용한 광학활성의 O-보호된 syn-과 anti-2, 3-디히드록시 알데히드의 네 가지 입체이성질체들을 쉽게 구할 수 있는 D-글루코스나 D-크실로스에서 유도된 푸라노스를 변형시켜 합성하였다. 예컨대 불포화 퓨라노스계의 이중결합에 수소화붕소 첨가반응-산화반응에 의해 입체선택적으로 히드록시퓨라노스를 얻고 이를 O-베질화후 탈아세톤화, 산화성절단반응에 의해 (2S, 3S)-3-포르옥시-2-벤질옥시알칸알을 얻었으며 그 외 (2S, 3R)-, (2R, 3S)-, (2R, 3R)-디히드록시알칸알을 얻었다. 이러한 중간체들을 이용하여 L-factor와 muricatacin을 합성하였다. Four stereosiomers of optically active O-protected syn- and anti-2, 3-dihydroxy aldehydes, chiral synthons for natutal product synthesis, were synthesized from readily avilable D-glucose and E-Xylose. (2S, 3S)-3-Formylosy-2-benzylxoy alkanals were synthesized by stereoselective hydroboration of the unsaturated furanoses followed by O-benzylation, deprotection, and oxidative cleavage. (2S, 3R)-, (2R, 3S)-, and (2R, 3R)-Dihydroxy alkanals were also synthesized. Using these chiral synthons, (4R, 5S)-(-)- and (4S, 5S)-(+)-L-factors, the proposed autoregulators from Strpiomyces griseus and muricatacin, a biologically active constituent from the seeds of Annona muricata L. were synthesized.

탄수화물에서 광학활성 중간체 O-보호된 (S)-와 (R)-3-히드록시 알데히드의 합성

강석구,조현성,심형수 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.1

탄수화물로부터 유도된 불포화 퓨라노스 고리계를 입체 선택적인 수소화 반응에 의해 chiral synthon인 광학활성의 (S)-3-포르밀옥시 알데히드를 합성하였고, 탄수화물에서 유도된 3-히드록시 퓨라노스를 Barton-McCombie의 deoxygenation반응에 의해 (R)-3-포르밀옥시 알데히드를 합성하였다. (S)-e-Formyloxyaldehydes, chiral synthons for natural products, were synthesized via highly stereoselective hydrogenation of the unsaturated furanose ring system derived from D-glucose or D-xylose. Alternatively, (R)-3-formyloxyaldehydes were prepared via deoxygenation of 3-hydroxyfuranoses.

뚜렷한 입체 선택성을 갖는 알릴 디올의 고리 카보네이트와 아세토니드의 Wacker 산화 반응 연구

강석구,정경윤,정재욱,남궁은영,김태현 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

Palldium(Ⅱ) 촉매 하에서의 말단 알릴 디올의 고리 카보네이트와 아세토니드의 산화반응은 anti-Markovnikov hydation에 의해 알데히드 또는 α,β-불포화 알데히드 만이 생성되었다. 치환된 알릴 디올의 분자내 이중 결합의 반응으로는 (E)-알릴 디올의 경우에 β-케토 생성물을, 반면에 (Z)-알릴디올의 경우엔 α-케토 생성물을 얻을 수 있었다. 치환된 알릴 디올의 고리 카보네이트와 아세토니드에서는 각각 β-케토 화합물과 α,β-케토 화합물 들이 생성되었다. Palladium(Ⅱ)-Catalyzed oxidation of acetonides or cyclic carbonates of terminal allylic diols afforded aldehydes or α,β-unsaturated aldehydes as the sole products, resulting of anti-Markovnikov hydation. For the internal olefins of the substituted allylic diols, (E)-allylic diol provied β-keto-product, whereas (Z)-allylic diol affored α-keto-product. The acetonides and cyclic carbonates of the substituted allylic diols yielded β-keto-products and α,β-unsaturated ketones, respectively.

배양된 골수 간엽 간세포에서 연골형성의 유도 및 그 포식 인자의 발현

석경수,김현우,강응식 대한정형외과학회 골.연부조직이식학회 2003 대한골.연부 조직이식학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Flowable 및 microfill 복합레진으로 충전된 제 5급와동에서 load cycling 전,후의 미세변연누출 비교

강석호,김오영,오명환,조병훈,엄정문,권혁춘,손호현 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.2

Low-viscosity composite resins may produce better sealed margins than stiffer compositions (KempScholte and Davidson, 1988; Crim, 1989). Flowable composites have been recommended for use in Class V cavities but it is also controversial because of its high rates of shrinkage. On the other hand, in the study comparing elastic moduli and leakage, the microfil had the least leakage (Rundle et al. 1997). Furthermore, in the 1996 survey of the Reality Editorial Team, microfills were the clear choice for abfraction lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 6 composite resins (2 hybrids, 2 microfills, and 2 flowable composites) with and without load cycling. Notch-shaped Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 180 extracted human upper premolars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-load cycling group (group 1) and load cycling group(group 2) of 90 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided into 6 subgroups of 15 samples. All preparations were etched, and Single bond was applied. Preparations were restored with the following materials (n=15) : hybrid composite resin [Z250(3M Dental Products Inc. St.Paul, USA), Denfil(Vericom, Ahnyang, Korea)], microfil [Heliomolar RO(Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Micronew(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA)], and flowable composite[AeliteFlo(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA), Revolution(Kerr Corp. Orange, CA, USA)]. Teeth of group 2 were subjected to occlusal load (100N for 50,000 cycles) using chewing simulator(MTS 858 Mini Bionix Ⅱ system, MTS Systems Corp., Minn, USA). All samples were coated with nail polish 1mm short of the restoration, placed in 2% methylene blue for 24 hours, and sectioned with a diamond wheel. Enamel and dentin/cementum margins were analyzed for microleakage on a sclale of 0 (no leakage) to 3 (3/3 of wall). Results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis One way analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Student-Newmann-Keuls method. (p=0.05) Results: 1. There was significantly less microleage in enamel margins than dentinal margins of all groups. (p<0.05) 2. There was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 1. 3. In dentin margin of group 1, flowable composite had more microleakage than others but not of significant differences. 4. There was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 2. 5. In dentin margin of group 2, the microleakage were R>A=H=M>D>Z. But there was no significant differences. 6. In enamel margins, load cycling did not affect the marginal microleakage in significant degree. 7. In dentin margins, load cycling did affect the marginal microleakage only in Revolution. (p<0.05)