김우진 시의식 고찰

김낙현(Kim, Nak-hyeon) 한국비평문학회 2018 批評文學 Vol.- No.69

본고의 목적은 김우진의 시의식의 전개양상을 살펴보는데 있다. 김우진의 시의식은 ‘유교적 전통에 대한 거부와 순응의 태도’, ‘새로운 세계에 대한 동경과 열망’, ‘죽음의식과 그 역설적 의미’ 등으로 전개된다. 기존의 연구에서는 가부장적인 부친의 엄격한 태도와 일본 유학시절 김우진이 심취했던 표현주의 영향에 의해, 그가 유교적 전통과 인습에 대한 강한 저항과 거부의 태도를 보인 것으로 논의하였다. 그러나 전통과 인습에 대한 김우진의 태도를 단선적으로 저항과 거부의 태도만으로 설명할 수 없는 한계가 있다. 오히려 여러 작품과 일기 등에서 유교적 가정에서 장남으로 태어난 김우진은 유교적 도리를 실천하려는 태도를 보인다. 자아와 세계 사이에서 끊임없이 갈등했던 김우진은 특히 자신의 꿈의 원천이었던 어머니라는 매개체를 통해 새로운 세계로 나아가려는 시의식을 드러낸다. 5살 때 여읜 어머니에 대한 그리움과 동경은 김우진을 더욱 더 새로운 세계에 대한 동경과 열망으로 이끄는 강렬한 기폭제가 된다. 그러나 현실에서 부재한 어머니를 통해 새로운 세계에 도달할 수 없기에, 결국 김우진은 절망으로 치닫게 되며 이는 곧 죽음의식으로 나아가는 결정적인 동인이 된다. 김우진 시에서 죽음이란 단순한 육체적인 생의 마감을 뜻한 것이 아니다. 그의 시에서 죽음이란 곧 새로운 생의 시작이고 그 죽음을 통해 영원한 안식과 구원을 얻을 수 있다는 역설적인 의미를 뜻한다. 이러한 죽음에 대한 김우진의 고고한 역설적 진리는 결국 그가 29세의 나이에 스스로 생을 마감하게 하는 요인으로 작용하였다. 이와 같은 시의식을 살펴보면, 김우진은 희곡작가로 널리 알려져 있지만, 오히려 그의 삶과 문학은 시에서 보다 더 잘 표출되었다. The purpose of this study is to examine the aspect of development on the Kim Woo-Jin’s poetic consciousness. The poetic consciousness of Kim Woo-Jin is unfolded into ‘disapproval and conformity to Confucian tradition’, ‘admiration and longing for a new world’, and ‘the awareness of death and the paradoxical meaning.’ Previous research has suggested that he shows strong resistance and rejection to Confucian tradition and conventions due to his patriarchal father’s strict attitude and the influence of expressionism that Kim Woo-Jin engrossed during his study abroad in Japan. However, there are limitations that Kim’s attitude toward tradition and convention cannot be explained only by his attitude of resistance and rejection. Rather, Kim Woo-Jin, who was born as the eldest son in Confucian families shows an attitude to practice Confucian doctrine in his various works and diaries. Kim Woo-Jin, who constantly conflicted between himself and the world, reveals his poetic consciousness of moving into the new world, especially through the medium of his mother who was the source of his dream. The longing and admiration for his mother, who died when he was five years old, becomes a powerful catalyst for Kim Woo-Jin for a new world even more. However, as Kim cannot reach the new world through her absent mother in real life, he eventually goes to despair, which is the decisive driver of the awareness of death. In Kim’s poem, death does not mean the end of a simple physical life. In his poem, death means the paradoxical meaning that it is the beginning of a new life, and by its death it can obtain eternal rest and salvation. Kim Woo-Jin’s paradoxical truth about death eventually served as a factor that led him to end his own life at the age of 29. Examining his poetic consciousness, Kim Woo-jin is widely known as a playwright, but his life and literature are better expressed in poetry.

이상 ‘육필 원고’의 진위 여부 고증(考證) - 편지를 중심으로

김주현 ( Kim Ju-hyeon ) 한국문학언어학회 2019 어문론총 Vol.81 No.-

The news about discovering Lee Sang’s letter filled many newspapers in 2014. After this report, the letter has been established as Lee Sang’s letter. However, this letter has already been introduced as Lee Hyeon-uk’s letter in 2001. The same letter has been first introduced as Lee Hyeon-uk’s and later as Lee Sang’s. The letter paper of handwritten manuscript is the manuscript paper of 'Oh-Mun Publisher' which opened in 1940. And It’s envelope has a postmark dated December 26, 1940. Therefore, no longer can this letter be written by Lee Sang who died in 1937. And it is far from Lee Sang in terms of signatures, handwriting and style. However, this letter is the same as Lee Hyeon-uk's another letter to Choi Jeong-hee in terms of signature, handwriting and style. And it is the same style of Lee Hyeon-uk's works such as “Letter”, “Diary” and “Separation”. Also, the content of the letter is identical to Lee Hyeon-uk’s situation. Ultimately, it is reasonable to see the letter as Lee Hyeon-uk’s. In this letter, Lee Hyeon-uk expressed love and hate relationship with Choi Jeong-hee. This letter shows the fact that Lee Hyeon-uk began writing due to Choi Jeong-hee’s recommendation and she has no choice but break up just like the novel “Separation”. This letter will be a good material to research Lee Hyeon-uk, that is to say Ji Ha-ryeon

일제강점기 김옥균의 초상

김현우(Kim, Hyeon-u) 한국양명학회 2018 陽明學 Vol.0 No.49

김옥균은 한국 근대기 비극적 삶을 산 개혁가이다. 그 후 사람들은 김옥균을 자신의 입장에서 묘사하기 시작했다. 신채호는 김옥균의 개화사상을 한국 전통의 대표적인 개혁가인 박규수·박지원과 연결시켰다. 신채호는 한국이 주체적으로 문명을 수입해서 독립할 수 있다는 것을 강조했기 때문이다. 한편, 일본에서는 김옥균을 일본의 메이지유신의 모델로 보고 갑신정변의 당위성을 설파했다. 즉 대륙침략 이론인 대동아공영을 확산시키기 위해 김옥균을 제국주의 일본의 가치관 속에서 해석했던 것이다. 친일파들도 이와 유사하게 김옥균을 일본과 연결시켰다. 그들은 일본의 한국 지배를 정당화하는데 김옥균을 동원했던 것이다. 반면 민족주의자 안재홍은 김옥균의 스승인 유홍기를 불교 신자가 아닌 천주교 신자로 묘사했다. 그는 김옥균 개혁론의 근원을 전통도, 일본도 아닌 보편적 세계사의 관점에서 보았기 때문이다. 이처럼 김옥균의 비극적 삶은 사후 여러 편의 신화로 가공되었다. 그 속에는 식민지 한국에서 진행되는 일본식 문명관에 대한 강한 비판도 있었다. 현대 우리사회는 새로운 문명 즉 “4차 산업”으로 들어가고 있다. 4차 산업혁명시대도 이전 산업혁명과 마찬가지로 인간과 문명 간의 새로운 관계가 정립되어야 할 것이다. 그런 점에서 일제 강점기 문명에 대한 수용과 비판의 산물인 김옥균의 초상들은, 인공지능·초연결사회·사물인터넷·로봇공학 등을 통해 점차 확장되는 4차 산업시대에 있어서, 인간과 문명에 대한 깊은 시사점을 줄 것이다. Kim Ok Gyun is a reformist to have lived a short and tragic life in Korea modern times. And then people began portraying him from a few versions. Shin Chae Ho, who is a representative fighter for Korea independence, matched him to Park Gyu Su and his grandfather, Park Ji Won, were all Korea traditional reformers. Because he intended to conform that Korea could be independent by himself. Japan portrayed that he led Gapsin Coup modeling the Meiji Restoration in Japan. Japan need someone foreign to propagandize and spread out her policy of Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Kim was almost the only foreigner. Pro-Japanese group in Korea, matched him to Japan. Because they tried to justify Japan’s Ruling. But An Jae Hong of a nationalist described that he was influenced by just Catholic of the western not Japan to write his teacher of Yu Hong Gi a Catholic. Kim’s tragic life was treated in myths. They included criticism of civilization to progress in Korea in Japanese Ruling Era. Those were all philosophical considerations on civilization. Meanwhile, we now face a kind of civilization, the Fourth Industry. We need to define the new relation between human and civilization in this time. So, it is still valid for philosophical considerations on civilization which appeared in Korea modern times.

Genetic associations of body composition, flexibility and injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas

( Jun Ho Kim ),( Eun Sun Jung ),( Chul Hyun Kim ),( Hyeon Youn ),( Hwa Rye Kim ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Jun Ho Kim, Eun Sun Jung, Chul-Hyun Kim, Hyeon Youn and Hwa Rye Kim. Genetic associations of body composition, flexibilityand injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.205-214, 2014[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to exam the association of body composition, flexibility, and injury risk to genetic polymorphismsincluding ACEID, ACTN3RX, and COL5A1polymorphisms in ballet dancers in Korea. [Methods]For the purpose of this study,elite ballerinas (n = 97) and normal female adults (n = 203) aged 18 to 39 were recruited and these participants were tested forbody weight, height, body fat, fat free mass, flexibility, injury risks on the joints and gene polymorphisms (ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1polymorphism). [Results]As results, the ACEDD genotype in ballerinas was associated with higher body fat and percentageof body fat than the ACEII and ID genotypes (p< 0.05). In the study on the ACTN3polymorphism and ballerinas, the XXgenotype in ballerinas had lower body weight and lower fat-free mass than the RR and RX genotype (p < 0.005). Also, the meansof sit and reach test for flexibility was lower in the ACTN3XX genotype of ballerinas than the RR and RX genotype of ballerinas(p< 0.05). Among the sports injuries, the ankle injury of the XX-genotyped ballerinas was in significantly more prevalence thanthe RR and XX-genotyped ballerinas (p< 0.05). According to the odd ratio analysis, XX-genotyped ballerinas have the injuryrisk on the ankle about 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6~13.4, p< 0.05) times more than the RR and RX-genotyped ballerinas. Meanwhile, theCOL5A1polymorphism in ballerinas has no association with any factors including flexibility and injury risks. [Conclusion]Inconclusion, ACEpolymorphism and ACTN3polymorphism were associated with ballerinas` performance capacity; COL5A1wasnot associated with any factors of performance of Ballerinas. The results suggested that the ACEDD genotype is associated withhigh body fat, the ACTN3XX genotype is associated with low fat-free mass, low flexibility, and higher risk of ankle-joint injury. [Keyword]ballet, flexibility, body composition, injury risk, ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1

예술 창작과 선(禪)

김현숙 ( Hyeon Suk Kim ) 한국영상미디어협회 2015 예술과 미디어 Vol.14 No.1

우리는 선(禪)이란 단어를 흔히 사용하고 그 개념을 어렴풋이 느낌으로 알고 있다. 하지만 선을 정확하게 이해하고 한마디로 표현하는 것은 쉽지 않다. 선에 관해 공부한 사람이라 할지라도 선 사상의 역사와 정신에 대한 질문에 대답은 할 수 있지만, 선을 한마디 말로 정의 하기는 쉽지 않을 것이다. 왜냐하면 선은 스스로의 체험에 의한 깨우침이기 때문이다. 더욱이 불교에서는 ``문자를 앞세우지 않는다`` 라는 뜻의 불입문자(不立文字)를 논하고 있으며, 선이 ``말로 표현이 될 때,그것은 이미 선이 아니다`` 라고 한다. 우리가 명상을 통해 알수 있는 선(禪)은 무엇이며, 명상이란 무엇인가? 명상이란 생각이 멈추거나, 생각하지 않고 있을 때시작된다고 하는데, 언제나 끊임없이 모든 것에 생각을 하며 살고 있는 우리에게, 생각을 멈추라는 말에 의문을 갖게 된다. 서양에서는 선(禪)의 뜻을 명상(meditation)으로 번역하고, 일본식 발음을 따라 젠(zen)으로 사용하고 있다. 또한 선은 종교적인 의미보다는 철학적인 의미로 해석되며, 프랑스의 일상 생활 속에서, ``soyez zen(쑤와이에 젠)``은 ``침착해라``라는 뜻으로 사용된다. 철학적인 의미에서, 명상과 선이 예술 작품과 어떠한 관계가 있는지 알아보기 위해, 선의 의미와 그 선의 근원인 디아나(dhyana)를 구성하고 있는 삼매, 사마타(samatha)와 비파샤나(vipasyana)의 의미를 살펴본다. 우리를 편안하고 고요하게 해주며, 생각을 잠시 멈추게도 해주는 제임스 튀렐(James Turrell)의 작품, <몰입(Mol-Ip)>과 김현숙의 작품, <고요(Calm)>에서 우리는 사마타의 의미를 살펴보고, 수행하는 사람들이나 내면의 세계를 연상시키는 Giusseppe Penone의 작품, <베르사이유의 삼나무(Versailles di Cedre)>에서 비파샤나의 의미를 해석해 본다. 또한 명상하는 사람들을 연상케하는 필립 라메트(Philippe Ramette)의 작품, <비이성적인 관조(Comtemplation irrationnelle)>에서는 선(禪)과 예술 작품, 그리고 명상과 예술 행위와의 연관성에 대해 생각해 본다. 선(禪) 사상처럼 말로 표현되지 않는 여러 쟝르의 예술 작품들은 우리에게 다양한 의미를 전한다. 때로는 작품의 의미들은 선 사상이 전수되었던 방식처럼 마음과 마음을 통해 (이심전심 以心傳心) 그 의미가 전달 되기도 하고, 이해할 수 없는 선사들의 선문답이나, 혹은 달을 가리키는 부처님의 검지를 바라보는 것 처럼,우리의 생각보다 훨씬 앞서 가는 작가의 의도를 우리가 알아채지 못할 때도 있다. 선은 명상을 통한 스스로에 대한 공부이며, 매 순간마다 새로움을 인식하는 것이다. 그래서 예술가들이 개인적으로 불교의 영향을 받지 않았다 하더라도, 그들의 작품이 현실 자체, 있는 그대로의 실체를 바라 볼 줄 아는 현명함을 담고 있다면, 그 예술 작품들은 선 사상과 비교될 수 있다. 더욱이 디아나(dhyana)의 의미처럼, 묵상과 몰입 속에서 이뤄지는 작품 제작과 순간적인 직감에 의한 예술창작 행위는 어딘가 선 사상과 닮아있다. We usually use the word Zen (禪) and we know vaguely about the sens, but it is not easy to accurately describe in short words to express the sense of Zen. Even we study of the Zen, be able to answerthe history and spirit of Zen, but it will not be easy to define the thought of Zen in simple words. Because the Zen is enlighten by our own experience. Moreover Buddhist saying 불입문자 burip munja (不 立文字) which means ``the word can``t precede the Zen`` and also they say ``when Zen represents by words, it``s not already Zen``. What is Zen through we know by meditation, and what is meditation? Thismeditation is thinking stops, starts when you are stops or not thinking. We will have a question about stops thinking, because we live in a constant thinking status about all of the things. In the West, the meaning of Zen is translated meditation, and used as Zen according to the Japanese pronunciation. Also Zen interprets a philosophical sense rather than a religious significance. In daily life in French, ``soyez Zen (be Zen)`` is used to mean ``calm down``. In a philosophical sense, to learn whether there is any relationship with a work of art and Zen, meditation, we search the meaning of Zen and the origin (source) of Dhyana, and we are explored a signification of configure the Dhyana that Samatha and Vipasyana. We look at the meaning of the Samatha in the works, Calm of Hyeon-Suk Kim and Light leading of James Turrell that makes us comfortable, quiet and also stopping to think. And we interpret the meaning of Vipasyana in the works Versailles di Cedre of Giusseppe Penone that evoke inner word, and Also we think about the relationship between the Zen and artworks, the meditation practices and the acts of the artists, in the works Comtemplation irrationnelle of Philippe Ramette that reminds those who meditate and perform. Like Zen, diverse genres of artworks which does not express in words, propose a variety of signification to us. Sometimes, the meaning of artworks allows to deliver us the way of transmission of Zen, through 이심전심 isim junsim (以心傳心heart to heart, mind and mind). And sometimes, such as the baffling dialogue of Zen Master, or such as looking at the index finger of Buddha pointing to the moon, we are also unable to perceive the intentions of the artists, because their thoughts go too far ahead than our thought. The Zen is studied for themselves through meditation, to recognize the now, at the moment and newness of each moment. So even if artists were not affected personally by the Buddhism, if their works contains a wise mind that know to look at the reality and reality as they are, artworks can be compared to Zen. Moreover, as significance of Dhyana, artistic creations that are produced through contemplation, and concentration, and, act of creation artistic by momentary intuition are similar somewhere to a Zen.

Plasma estradiol-17βand estrogen receptor increased during the artificial induce sexual maturation and it influence choriocapillary layer of eye in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica

Ji-Yeon Hyeon,Sung-Pyo Hur,Jun-Hwan Byun,Eun-Su Kim3,Shin-Kwon Kim,Han-Jun Kim,Se-Jae Kim,Akihiro Takemura 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2018 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2018 No.11

CIS 고려인 디아스포라 소설 연구

장사선(Jang Sa Seon),김현주(Kim Hyeon Ju) 한국현대소설학회 2004 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.21

This study aims to examine the general trend of novels written by Soviet-Korean in C I S. Soviet-Koreans in this Central Asian area have moved from the Far Eastern area of Russia by the enforcement of the Stalinian policy of deportation in 1937. The authors have written a number of novels describing the life of diaspora experienced by Korean residents. To be more specific, the main focus of these novels is centered onto the issues such as the adaptation to the socialist system, the discord or accord with the different nation, the self-identity, and so on. The representative authors and their works are as follow: Seil Kim`s HongBeomDo and Jun Kim`s A happening of one hundred and fifty thousand won that depict the heros of anti-Japanese fight, Gicheol Kim`s When red stars were seen and a group works, The melody of Syrdarya that praise the socialism, sunflower and ``자말러, you are my life that treat the agony of identity as Koreans in a foreign country, and several works of Anatoli Kim and Lee-Jin that reflect the times of the various open door, On the whole, each novel expresses successfully the scenes of life with a different ideology and in the unfamiliar environment and embodies such troubles adequately into the form of literature. However, there also exist some problems of the plain development of plot. the dichotomic way of thinking, the excessive exposure of the theme, and so forth. After the collapse of the Soviet Union around 1990. a rapid conversion of direction toward modernism has occurred. With the opening of the exchange gate between Korea and CIS, there have been many changes in the content and publication of the works. More extensive research is needed.

Azathioprine에 반응을 보인 류마티양 관절염에 의한 경막염(Pachymeningitis)1예

배광봉,이정호,이정찬,곽상혁,강정현,김철희,김현수,김종숙,조덕연,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

Rheumatoid arthritis frequently involves the cervical spine and may lead to neurologic impairement. However, direct involvement of CNS structures by inflammatory cells has been reported infrequently. The prevalence of this complication of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. Inflammatory CNS involvement in rheumatoid arthritis reportedly occurs in the setting of longstanding, active, erosive articular disease and is accompanied by extracranial and extraspinal nodules and vasculitis. This is diagnosed by radiologic finding of CNS nodules or meningeal thickening and by biopsy or autopsy. Treatment with corticosteroid, cytotoxic agent or surgical decompression is helpful. But the majority of patients die within several months of onset of neurologic symptom. Recently, we experienced a case of pachymeningitis caused by rheumatoid arthritis, which resolved repeatedly with azathioprine treatment.

Mo¨nckeberg 중막 석회화로 인해 초기자궁내막암이 진행성 자궁내막암으로 판독되었던 1례

김승만,배철성,김동훈,김정란,이현경,윤혜원 동국대학교 경주대학 1997 東國論集 Vol.16 No.1

Mo¨nckeberg 중막 석회화는 크거나 중간크기의 근육성 동맥(large and medium-sized muscular arteries)의 중막(media)에 노화와 관련되어 퇴행성 과정인 윤상석회화가 특징적으로 나타나는 동맥경화증의 일종으로, 근본적으로 폐쇄성 죽상경화증(occlusive atherosclerosis)과는 다른 과정으로 동맥의 관강(lumen)을 막는 경우는 드물어 상대적으로 임상적 의의는 적거나 거의 없다. 저자들은 Mo¨nckeberg 중막 석회화때문에 초음파 및 컴퓨터 단층촬영에 의한 병기결정에 혼란을 초래하였던 초기 자궁내막암 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. The Mo¨nckeberg medial calcification is aging change rather than disease entity. The Mo¨nckeberg medial calcification involve muscular arteries of limb, head, and genital track and cause fibrosis change associated with hyalinization and fine basophilic staining, suggesting early calcification with little or no clinical significance but is demonstrable on roentgenograms as regular and diffuse radiopaque shadow under intima. We experienced one case of mis-staging of early endometrial cancer due to the Mo¨nckeberg medial calcification therefore, we report this case with a brief review of the literature of the Mo¨nckeberg medial calcification.

Inhibition of oxidative stress induced‑cytotoxicity by coptisine in V79‑4 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts through the induction of Nrf‑2 mediated HO‑1 expression

Hyeon‑Gyun Jo,Cheol Park,이혜숙,Gi‑Young Kim,Young‑Sam Keum,Jin Won Hyun,Taeg Kyu Kwon,Yung Hyun Choi,Su Hyun Hong 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.1

Background Coptisine is a natural alkaloid compound and is known to have multiple benefcial efects including antioxidant activity. However, whether it can protect lung fbroblasts from oxidative damage has not been studied yet. Objectives To investigate the potential inhibitory efect of coptisine against oxidative stress in V79-4 lung fbroblast cells. Methods V79-4 cells were treated with H2O2 (1 mM) in the presence or absence of coptisine (50 µg/ml), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 10 mM) or zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP, 10 µM) for the indicated times. The alleviating efects of coptisine on cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, mitochondrial dynamics, and inhibition of ATP production against H2O2 were investigated. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression levels of specifc proteins. Results Coptisine inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage by blocking abnormal ROS generation. H2O2 treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase accompanied by increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 and decreased expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin A. However, these efects were attenuated in the presence of coptisine or NAC. Coptisine also prevented apoptosis by decreasing the rate of Bax/Bcl-2 expression in H2O2-stimulated cells and suppressing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the cytosolic release of cytochrome c. In addition, the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was markedly promoted by coptisine in the presence of H2O2. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a potent inhibitor of HO-1, attenuated the ROS scavenging and anti-apoptotic efects of coptisine. Conclusions Based on current data, we suggest that coptisine can be used as a potential treatment for oxidative stress-related lung disease.