脾胃의 氣機升降의 生理·病理·治法에 대한 考察 및 臨床例

元泰喜,文九,文錫哉 한국전통의학연구소 1997 한국전통의학지 Vol.7 No.2

氣의 升降은 생체에서지의 가장 중요한 형태이다. 협의의 의미로 氣의 升降운동은 脾胃의 升降운동으로 요약할 수 있다. 그러므로 脾胃의 升降은 氣의 생리적인 운동에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 臟腑의 치료효과를 제고하기 위해서 본 눈문은 臟腑의 생리, 병리, 치료면에 있어서 氣의 升降의 중요성을 연구하였다. 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 脾胃의 생리는 脾主升과 脾主降이다. 2. 臟腑의 생리와 병리는 脾胃의 升降과 관련된 五臟六腑의 氣機와 관련되어 있다. 3. 脾胃의 병리상태는 升淸降濁의 정상적인 생리가 이루어지지 않는 상태이다. 4. 병리적인 脾胃의 升降은 升降太過, 升降不及, 升降反作으로 분류할 수 있다. 5. 脾胃病의 치료관건은 氣의 升降을 조절하는 것이다. 6. 脾胃升降失調의 치료는 氣의 升降을 조절하여 和胃柔肝시키는 치법 등을 사용하여 원인과 증상에 따라 치료한다. The function of ki (氣) is ascending and descending (升降) , which is the fundamental formality of the vital energy. If we interpret it in a narrow sense, the ascending and descending (升降) of ki (氣) is that of Biwi (脾胃). Therefore the ascending and descending(升降) of Biwi (脾胃) is very important in physiological function of ki (氣). For increasing the efficiency about the treatment of Jang Bu (臟腑 internal organs), this study was to investigate the importance of the ascending and descending (升降) of ki (氣) on the physiology, pathology and treatment of Jang Bu (臟腑 internal organs). The condusion could be summarized as follows: 1. The physiology of Biwi (脾胃) is that Bi (脾) sends clarity (food essence) upward and Wi (胃) sends disested food downward. 2. The physiology and pathology of Jang Bu (1lJlJ1f internal organs) is associated with the ascending and descending (升降) of Biwi (脾胃) and the vital function of Jang Bu (臟腑 internal organs) has casual relation with the ascending and descending (升降) of Biwi (脾胃). 3. The pathology of Biwi (脾胃) is the disturbance of the ascending clarity (升淸) and descending turbidity (降濁). 4. The pathological ascending and descending (升降) of Biwi (脾胃) is classified into the excess, deficiency and reaction of the ascending and descending. 5. The point of treatment Biwi (脾胃) disease is the regulation of the ascending and descending (升降) of ki(氣). 6. The method of treatment about the disturbance of the ascending and descending (升降) of Biwi (脾胃) is to replenish and elevate ki (氣), check upward perverted flow ki (氣) and regulate Wi (胃), soothe Gan (肝) and regulate Wi (胃) etc. according to the cause and symptom.

과학 수행 평가 문항의 선정 및 제작을 위한 평가 준거의 개발

김은진,박현주,강호감,노석구 한국과학교육학회 2003 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구에서는 과학교육에서 수행평가의 올바른 사용과 정착을 위하여 과학 수행평가문항의 선정과 제작을 위한 평가준거를 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 과학과 평가목표 및 수행평가에 대한 이론적 논의를 통해 평가준거의 대범주로 평가 목표의 충실도(Fidelity), 수행평가의 특징과 구성 요소에 대한 만족도(Satisfaction), 문항의 내용 타당도(Content Validity), 학습자에 대한 내용의 적합도 및 공정성(Suitability & Fairness), 문항의 신뢰도와 객관도(Reliability & Objectivity), 사용상의 편의성 및 실용성(Usability)의 6가지 범주를 개발하였고, 각 대범주별 하위항목을 선정하여, 총 25개의 하위 항목을 가진 평가준거표를 개발하였다. 그리고 개발된 평가준거표의 타당도는 과학교육 연구자 5명의 안면타당도로 보았고, 신뢰도는 3가지 종류의 과학 수행평가문항을 과학교육 전문가 2명과 초등예비교사 6명이 평가하교, 그 결과를 Kendall계수를 통한 평가자간 합치도로 검증하였다. 그 결과 합치도는 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 나타났다. 이상의 과정을 통하여 최종적인 평가준거표를 완성하여 제시하였다. We have developed of a criterion that would help to select and develop performance assessments in science education. There are six categories of a criterion: Fidelity, satisfaction, content validity, fairness & suitability, reliability & objectivity, and usability. There are the total of 25 sub-categories under the six categories. Five science educators evaluated the validity of the criterion. For reliability of the criterion, Kendall's tau-b was used. Eight science educators and elementary teachers evaluated three performance assessment tasks for the correspondence of the criterion. This study also discuss the implications of this criterions as well.

XML기반 전자상거래 프레임워크 기술

한흥구,박진석,윤순영,최성 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2001 반도체장비학술심포지움 Vol.2001 No.-

白花蛇舌草 메탄올 抽出物의 抗腫瘍 效果 및 抗癌 棋戰에 關한 硏究

魯勳政,文九,文錫哉,元秦熹,文永昊,朴來佶 대한한방종양학회 2000 대한한방종양학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Objectives: This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of aqueous and methanol extracts of Hedyotis diffusa which has long been used for cancer treatment in oriental medicines on the induction of apoptotic cell death in human lymphoid leukemia cell line, HL-60. Methods: Cells were treated with various concentrations (200 to 0.4㎍) and periods (6 to 30 hr) of H_2O and methanol extracts of Hedyotis diffusa. Then, cells were tested for viability by MTT assay. Cells wrere treated with 200㎍/ml of methanol extract fork various periods. Genomic DNA was isolated, separated, on 1.5% agarose gels, stained with ethidium bromide and visualized under UV light. Cells were treated with 200㎍/ml of each extract for 16hr.Then, cells were treated with various doses of each extract for 12 hr and 100㎍/ml of methanol extract for various periods. Lysate from the cells used to measure the activity of caspase-1 and-3 proteases by using fluorogenic peptide substrates including acetyl-YVAD-AMC and acetyl-DEVD-AMC, respectively, Cells were treated with 200㎍/ml of each extract for various periods. Cell lysates were immunoprecipated with anti-JNKl antibodies. The immune complex was reacted with 32^p-ATP and c-Jun as a substrate. The phosphotransferase activity of JNKI was measured by suing Phosphoimage analyzer (Fuji Co., Japan). Nuclear extracts were isolated and incubated with oligonucleotide probe of NF-kB was measured by using EMSA and visualized by PhosphoImage analyzer (Fuji Co, Japan). Cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting with anti-Bc12 antibodies and anti-Bax antibodies. Cells were pretreated with various doses of methanol extract for 2 hr. Then, the extract was removed by centrifugation. Cells were resuspended with RPMI-1640 media containing 0.3% agarose, 10% FBS, overlayred onto bottom layer agarose and incubated at CO_2 incubator for 6 days. The number of colony was cunted under light microscopy (×100). Results: The death of HL_60 cells was markedly induced by the addition of methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa in a dose and time-dependent manners. The apoptotic characteristic ladder pattern of DNA strand break was observed in death of HL_60 cells. In addition, it was shown nucleus chromatin condensation under Hoechst staining. Therefore, Hedyotis diffusa extract-induced death of HL-60 cells is mediated by apoptotic signaling processes. The activity of Caspaxe 3-like proteases remained in a basal level in HL-60 cells treated with aqueous extract of Hedyotis diffusa. However, it was markedly increased in HL-60 cells treated with methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa. In addition, the phosphotransferase activity of JNKl was increased in HL-60 cells treated with methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa. Furthermore, the activation of transcriptional activator, NF-kB was markedly induced by methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa. Anti-apoptotic Bc12 was cleaved into 23Kda fragment by treatment of methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa. However, expression of proapoptotic Bax protein was increased by treatment of methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, methanol extract markedly inhibited the colony forming efficiency of HL-60 cells in semisolid agar culture. Conclusions: Above results suggest that methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa induces the apoptotic death of human leukemic HL-60 cells via activations of Caspase-3 proteases, JNKI, transcriptional activator NF-κB, In addition, our results also suggest that methanol exthanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa reduces the malignant potential of HL-60 cells via down regulation of colony forming effciency through cleavage of Bc12 as well as induction of Bax.

내시경적 점막절제술로 치험한 식도 과립상 세포종 1례

강혁주,김성욱,최석진,이중현,장재식,서영범,윤병구,박건욱,김성자,김용섭,강승완,이구,양창헌,이창우,김욱년,이광헌,서정일 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

과립상 세포종은 Schwann 세포 기원으로 생각되며 인체에 비교적 드물게 발생한다. 과립상 세포종은 전신 어느 곳에서나 발견될 수 있으나 주로 혀, 구강, 피부 혹은 유방 등에서 호발하며 드물게 위장관에서 발견된다. 위장관에서는 식도에서 가장 호발하며 다음으로 위, 대장 순이다. 과립상 세포종은 대부분, 특히 위장관에서는 양성이며 소수의 악성 병변이 보고되었다. 이러한 이유와 함께 수술 전의 진단이 어렵기 때문에 과립상 세포종에 대한 근본적인 치료는 현재까지 외과적 절제술이다. 최근에 시도되는 치료방법들로는 내시경적 레이저 치료, 용종절제술, 내시경적 점막 절제술 등이 있다. 저자들은 상부 소화관 내시경검사를 시행하여 식도 과립상 세포종을 진단하고 내시경적 점막 절제술을 시행하여 합병증 없이 퇴원하여 현재 재발없이 경과 관찰중인 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Granular cell tumors, which occur infrequently, are probably of Schwann cell origin. They can occur almost anywhere in the body but usually affect the tongue, oral cavity, skin, or breasts and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tracts. The esophagus is the most frequent gastrointestinal site, followed by the stomach and the colon. Granular cell tumors are generally benign, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, some malignant lesions have been reported. For this reason, and also because preoperative diagnosis is difficult, the standard treatment for granular cell tumor has until now been surgical excision. In recent years, other therapeutic methods is endoscopic laser therapy (ELT), polypectiomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We report a case of esophageal granular cell tumor which was diagnosed by an endoscopy and managed using an endoscopic mucosal resection without complication.

백화사설초 메탄올 추출물에 의한 HL-60 세포고사과정에 있어서의 transcriptional factors 활성변화 연구

박상구,이지현,문구,문석재,원진희,박래길 대한한방종양학회 2000 대한한방종양학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Objective : Hedyotis diffusa has been used as an arnicancer agent for several decades in oriental medicine. We test whether the methanol extract of the herb affects transcriptional activation factors including NF-κB and AP-l. Methods : 1. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations(from 200 to 50ug/ml) of methanol extract and H_2O extract(200ug/ml)of hedyotis diffusa, After 48h later, the cells were tested for viability by MTT assay. 2. The HL-60 cells were treated with 200ug/ml of methanol extract for the indicated periods. First. Nuclear extracts were isolated and incubated with oligonucleotide probe of NF-κB and AP-l. Second. Nuclear extracts were isolated and reacted with p50, p65. c-rel par-Jun, c-Jun, JunB. JunD antibody on ice for 30min. Finally The cell lnates were prepared and analyzed by westem blotting using anti-Fas, anti-FasL and anti-p53 antibdy. Results : l. The methanol extract decreases the viability of human lymphoid origin leukemia HL-60 cells in a dose-depemdemt manner. 2. NF-κB is rapidly activated by the addition of the methanol extract, reaches a peak at 30min and gradually returns to resting level. We confirm tha NF-κB is a heterodimer mainly composed of p65 subunit with c-Rel. 3. Transcriptional activation of AP-1 is detected at 30min and reaches a maximum at lhr after stimulation of the cells with the methanol extract. AP-l is mainly composed with Jur-D and partially Jug-B proteins. 4. the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa induces the expression of Fas, Fas ligand and p53 proteins of HL-60 cells in a time dependent fashion. Conclusions : These results suggest that the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa exerts anticancer effects to induce the death of human leukomic HL-60 cells via activation of trascriptional factors such a NF-κB and AP-1, increase in expression of Fas mediated signaling proteins, and induction of tumor suppressor gene. p53

백화사설초 메탄올 추출물에 의한 HL-60 細胞 枯死過程에서의 cell cycle 關聯因子의 活性變化 硏究

한세희,이종범,문구,문석재,원진희,박래길,이종덕 대한한방종양학회 2000 대한한방종양학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Objecives: Hedyotis diffusa is used to treat cancer in traditional Korea Medicine. So this study was carried out to examine the expression of cell cycle related genes in HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis by the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa. Methods: 1. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations (from 200 to 50㎍/ml)of metnanol extract and H20 extract (200 ㎍/ml) of hedyotis diffusa. After 48 h later, the cells were tested for viability by MTT assay. 2. The HL-60 cells were treated with 200 ㎍/ml of methanol extract for the indicated periods. The whole cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by westem blotting using anti-p53 antibody. 3. The nuclear extract were prepared and analyed by western blotting using anti-p21 antibody, anti-p27 antibody, anti-cyclen A antibody, anti-cylin E antibody and anti-CDK2 antinbody. Results: 1. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa induced the death of HL-60 cells in a dose dependent manner. 2. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa makedly decreased the level of p21/Cipl and cyclin A in a time dependent manner. 3. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa markedly increased tje ;eve; pf p27/Kip and cyclin E in a time dependent mammer. 4.The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa markedly did not affect the level of CDK2. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that expression of cell cycle related genes in HL-6- cells undergoing apoptosis by the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa mainly results from decreased level of p21/cipl and increased level of p27/Kipl of the cell cycle related genes.

전기화학적 방법을 이용한 수소제거에 관한 연구

박창규,김재홍,김정구,안승호,박진석,김종성,진태은 대한금속재료학회 2005 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mitigation on the low alloy steel was studied using electrochemical technique. This method can be applied to reduce HE susceptibility. Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) characteristics of the low alloy steel was investigated in aerated and deaerated borate buffer solution (0.3M H₃BO₃ + 0.074M N₂B_(4)O_(7), pH 8.4). The electrochemical properties of the low alloy steel showed passive behavior in this environment. By performing galvanostatic and potentiostatic test, hydrogen was charged and discharged to specimens respectively. By applying the potential of +630 mV_(SCE), the accumulated hydrogen was eliminated electrochemically. A specimen discharged for 24h indicated the efficiency of the hydrogen discharge up to 99.9%. Slow strain rate tests (SSRT) results showed that a specimen with higher hydrogen concentration revealed inferior mechanical properties such as shorter time to fracture, lower elongation, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength values. Furthermore, SEM fractographs revealed that the higher the hydrogen concentration is, the more probable the features of brittle fracture are. (Received July 26, 2004)

Critical Care before Lung Transplantation

Jin Gu Lee,Moo Suk Park,Su Jin Jeong,Song Yee Kim,Sungwon Na,Jeongmin Kim,Hyo Chae Paik 대한중환자의학회 2018 Acute and Critical Care Vol.33 No.4

지역 특산 천연산물 전호, 파고지, 희첨 및 산수유의 동물세포간의 부착 억제효과

신진혁(Jin Hyuk Shin),차구용(Gu Yong Cha),김희진(Hui Jin Kim),황재호(Jae Ho Hwang),한경호(Kyeong Ho Han),서효진(Hyo Jin Seo),김민용(Min Yong Kim),오석중(Suk Jung Oh),김종덕(Jong Deog Kim) 한국생물공학회 2009 KSBB Journal Vol.24 No.6

많은 연구를 통해 세포간 부착은 신생혈관형성에 큰 영향을 미치며, 이러한 세포부착억제를 통해 직접적으로 신생혈관형성을 제어할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 신생혈관형성 억제력을 가지는 지역 천연산물을 이용하여 HUVECs 및 U937 cells를 이용한 세포부착 억제정도를 확인하였다. 4가지 천연산물의 세포부착 억제력을 확인하기 위해 세포부착 억제실험을 3가지 방법으로 달리 하여 세포부착 억제정도를 확인한 결과 먼저, IL-1β 및 천연산물이 자극된 HUVECs 에 대한 U937 세포부착 억제실험에서는 전호, 파고지, 희첨 및 산수유의 농도 증가에 따라 전호의 경우 최고 0.2 mg/L에서 276%의 저해율을, 파고지의 경우 5 mg/L에서 220%, 희첨의 경우 10 mg/L에서 158%, 산수유의 경우 20 mg/L에서 132%의 저해효과가 있음을 보였다. 두 번째로 실시한 HUVECs에 대한 PMA 및 천연산물이 자극된 U937 세포부착 억제실험에서는 전호 0.2 mg/L에서 139%, 파고지 5 mg/L에서 442%, 희첨 10 mg/L에서 720%, 산수유 20 mg/L에서 664%의 저해율을 보임을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 실시한 IL-1β 및 천연산물 추출물이 자극된 HUVECs에 대한 천연산물 추출물이 자극된 U937 cells 의 세포부착 억제실험의 경우, 전호 0.2 mg/L에서 286%, 파고지 5 mg/L에서 146%, 희첨 10 mg/L에서 436%, 산수유 20 mg/L에서 297%의 저해율을 보였다. 이상의 3가지 방법으로 실시한 세포부착 억제실험에서 모두 각각의 천연산물 추출물의 농도증가에 따라 현저하게 그 부착력이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 사용된 전호, 파고지, 희첨 및 산수유는 세포부착을 억제함으로서, 신생혈관형성과 관련된 암 및 비만의 근본적인 치료제제로써 사용 가능함을 시사한다. For investigation of anti-angiogenesis mechanism of Anthrisci radix, Psoraleae semen, Siegesbeckiae herba and Corni fructus, anti-cell adhesion experiment was performed. The adhesion of U937 cells to IL-1β-stimulated HUVECs was completely suppressed by 276% at 0.2 mg/L of Anthrisci radix, 220% at 5 mg/L of Psoraleae semen, 158% at 10 mg/L of Siegesbeckiae herba and 132% at 20 mg/L of Corni fructus, respectively. And the adhesion of PMA-chemical stimulated U937 cells to HUVECs, it was inhibited 139% at 0.2 mg/L of Anthrisci radix, 442% at 5 mg/L of Psoraleae semen, 720% at 10 mg/L of Siegesbeckiae herba and 664% at 20 mg/L of Corni fructus. Also, the adhesion of chemical stimulated U937 cells to IL-1β/chemical stimullated HUVECs, it was inhibited by 286% at 0.2 mg/L of Anthrisci radix, 146% at 5 mg/L of Psoraleae semen, 436% at 10 mg/L of Siegesbeckiae herba and 297% at 20 mg/L of Corni fructus, respectively. It would be a useful substance for anti-cell adhesion based on anti-angiogenesis for anti-obesity and anti-cancer.