Variation of Bird community and Habitat use after Developing Hangang river Ecological Learning Center

Paik, In-Hwan,Jin, Seon-Deok,Jeon, Byung-Seon,Yu, Jae-Pyoung,Park, Chi-Young,Paek, Woon-Kee national science museum of korea 2010 Journal of Korean nature Vol.3 No.4

The Hangang (Han River) Ecological Learning Center is a river ecosystem park which was completed in December of 2002. The river ecosystem park was created based on the understanding of the problems of standard park-formed river which centers around convenient facilities instead of on the wish to accentuate the innate unique characteristics of a river. Therefore, the study was conducted in order to analyze the changes and habitation usage of the avifauna in the Hangang Ecological Learning Center to provide basic information for the improvement of bird species diversity in an ecosystem park. The study was conducted in July and October of both 2003 and 2005 to study the avian colonies of the same time period, and the habitat usage of four different areas were examined. Main dominant species includes species which preferred waterside and grassland, and 2005 showed higher levels of species, bird count and number of migratory birds. Furthermore, among the four regions used as habitats, the confluence region showed the highest level of increase, and this is predicted to have caused by the shallow depth of the confluence and the stability of the waterside plant colonies.

씨름선수에서 체중 감량과 회복기의 Leptin과 PAI-1 변화

김용운,도경오,권태동,박덕일,장응찬,박소영,김종연,이석강 대한스포츠의학회 2000 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Obesity which is defined as accumulation of excess body fat, is central factor of insulin resistance syndrome. Recently, it is revealed tat adipose tissue is not simply an energy storage organ but it also secretes a variety of molecules which affect the metabolism of the whole body, those are leptin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1). Therefore, leptin and PAI-1 are increased in the obese state. Leptin regulates energy homeostasis and satiety and PAI-1 regulates fibrinolytic system. For these reasons, elevated levels of leptin and PAI-1 are considered as link factors between obesity and insulin resistance syndrome. However, the exact regulating mechanism for serum levels of leptin and PAI-1 is not fully understood yet. In this study, to evaluate the regulating mechanisms of serum levels of leptin and PAI-1 according to the weight changes, we measured leptin, PAI-1, physical, metabolic, and endocrine parameters during 10 days of weight reduction and 10 days of regain period in 7 young athletes. The mean body weight change was -4.7 kg(5.0%) in the weight reduction period and -2.4 kg(2.5%) in the weight regain period compared to baseline value. Baseline level of leptin in athletes was 1.7±0.66 ng/ml, which was significantly correlated with body weight, BMI, percent body fat, body fat mass, triglyceride, insulin, and PAI-1. Baseline level of PAI-1 in athletes was 16.6±5.26 ng/ml, which was significantly correlated with body weight, BMI, triglyceride, insulin, and leptin. Leptin was decreased to 0.7±0.39(44% of the basaline value) in the weight reduction period, and increased to 1.9±0.64(119% of the baseline value) in the regain period. PAI-1 was decreased to 7.4±2.72(44% of the basaline value) in the weight reduction period, and increased to 22.8±7.33(138% of the baseline value) in the regain period. The changes of leptin during weight reduction period were significantly correlated with the changes of insulin(r=0.890, P<0.01) and triglycerides(r=0.874, P<0.01). The changes of PAI-1 during weight reduction period were significantly correlated with the changes of FFA(r=0.889, P<0.01) and triglycerides(r=0.869, P<0.05). The changes of both leptin and AAI-1 during weight regain period were significantly correlated with the changes of insulin(r=0.755 and 0.849, P<0.05, respectively). In summary, these results suggest that serum levels of leptin and PAI-1 were affected by weight cycling, the percentages of change were more greater than that of weight change, and rebound phenomena were occurred during weight regain period.

차아염소산칼슘을 이용한 김치재료의 살균

박은진, 전덕영 전남대학교 가정과학연구소 2001 生活科學硏究 Vol.11 No.-

The number of natural microorganisms in vegetable materials for Kimchi preparation was reduced using calcium hypochlorite in order to make more sanitary Kimchi. Total viable microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi were originated mostly(about 90 %) from Chinese cabbage(Baechu). Radish and garlic follow Chinese cabbage(Baechu) with the amounts of 6.3 % and 1.5 %, respectively. The optimum condition of pasteurization was 0.1 % calcium hypochlorite for 10 min. Under the pasteurization condition Escherichia coli was completely destroyed. However. in the presence of Baechu the pasteurization power was greatly reduced resulting the total viable counts and the number of lactic acid bacteria to 1/100 and 1/1.000, respectively. In the Kimchi made of the vegetables pasteurized with calcium hypochlorite, the numbers of total viable microorganisms, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and coliforms were about 1/100 of those in conventional Kimchi during the whole fermentation period. It is thought that more sanitary Kimchi of uniform quality can be made by inoculation of starter lactic acid bacteria to the pasteurized Kimchi materials.

강릉시 5세 아동의 "조기 유아기 우식증" 관련 추정요인의 기술 역학적 연구

박진아,마득상,박덕영,박호원,이광수 大韓小兒齒科學會 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구에서는 조기 유아기 우식증의 위험 인자를 규명하고 일치된 조기 유아기 우식증의 정의를 수립하는데 기초연구로서 층화집락추출법으로 선출된 강릉시 만 5세 유치원 아동들의 보호자 364명을 대상으로 이들 아동들의 조기 유아기 우식증과 관련된 형식·식이요인, 태아기나 출생기의 상태에 대한 설문조사연구를 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조사대상의 4분의 3이상(76.1%)의 아동이 생후 12개월 이후까지 연장된 수유를 하였으나 수면과 연관된 부적절한 수유의 빈도는 21.3%로 낮게 나타났다. 2. 대부분 보호자들(91.3%)이 이가 날 때부터 이를 닦아 주어야 한다는 사실을 알고있었음에도 불구하고, 맹출 직후 이를 닦기 시작한 경우는 35.1%에 지나지 않고 특히 2세 이후에야 이닦기를 시작하는 경우가 약 40%이상으로 조사되었다. 3. 현재 하루 칫솔질 회수가 1회 이상이 90%이상으로 매우 높게 나타났으나 5명 중 3명의 아동(61.4%)이 보호자의 도움없이 혼자 이를 닦는 것으로 나타났으며, 간식섭취 빈도는 하루 1-3회가 약 60%, 수시로 섭취하는 대상이 약 40%를 차지하여 비교적 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다(x^2-test, p<.05 or Fisher's exact test, p>.05). 4. 대부분(87%)의 첫 치과방문시기가 3세 이상인 경우로 나타나, 조기 유아기 우식증 예방에 대한 관심이 필요할 것으로 생각되었으나, 5세 아동의 예방적 치과방문 경험이 비교적 높을 것(40.2%)으로 보아 강릉지역 보호자의 구강건강에 대한 높은 의식수준을 반영한다고 볼 수 있다. 5. 보호자의 구강환경관리상태와 아동의 일일 평균 칫솔질 회수, 예방적 치과방문, 최초 치과 방문 시기와의 상관관계 및 지역별, 공사립 유치원별 및 남녀별 차이는 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다(x^2-test, p>.05 or Fisher's exact test, p>.05). The purpose of this study was to get descriptive statistics of the contributing factors for early childhood caries and to predict the relationship of dietary, behavior factors and health status factors of the mother and child at pregnancy and after birth. 411 first caregivers of 5-year-old children in 12 kindergartens in Kangnung city were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. They were asked to fill out questionnaires and 364 of them responded The obtained results were as follow: 1. Over the three-Fourth of children used nursing bottle of had breast feeding habit beyond the age of 1 year. 2. 8.7% of respondents didn't recognize the necessity of the preventive measures immediate after eruption of primary tooth, and only 35.1% replied that they had begun tooth cleaning. 3. Over 90% of children brush the teeth more than once per day. But over half (61.4%) of them brush their teeth without parents instruction. Sixty percent of children eat between the meals as often as 1-3 time(s) a day and the remainder at any times. 4. The first time of dental visit was for most children (87%) at over 3 years, recommending the earlier dental visit. Notwithstanding the rate of routine dental visit experience was relatively high(40.2%), implicating positive parents' attitude about oral health at Kangnung area. 5. The relationships between oral health state of the parents and the variables such as the timing of the first tooth cleaning the frequency of brushing, the time of first dental visit, and the reason of first dental visit were not statistically significant. Together, there was no statistically significant difference between rural and urban area, private and public kindergarten, and boy and girl(x^2-test, p>.05 or Fisher's exact test, p>.05).

미백보조광 조사가 치아미백의 효과에 미치는 영향

박종현,신혜진,박덕영,박세희,김진우,조경모 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of light energy on the tooth whitening effect of bleaching agent in vitro. Extracted human mandibular molars were sectioned to 2 fragments(mesial distal) and lingual portions of crown were used in this study. All specimens were stained using a red wine for 24 hours and immersed in artificial saliva. Specimens divided into four groups, group 1 and 2 light-activated by LumaCool (LED, LumaLite. Inc. Spring Valley, USA) group 3 and 4 light-activated by FlipoWhite2 (Plasma acr lamp, Lokki Australia) Group 1 and 3 bleached with LumaWhite(LumaLite, Inc.. Spring Valley USA), group 2 and 4 bleached with Polaoffice(SDI, Victoria, Australia). Bleaching treatment Performed during 10 minutes every 24 hours and repeated 6 times. During bleaching treatment, distal fragments was light-activated(L) but mesial fragments was not(NL). Shade assessment employed before and after bleaching treatment using spectrophotemeter. The results of the change in shade was compared and analysed between NL and L by using paired-sample T test with 95 % level of confidence. There were no significant differences between NL and L with a few exceptions. In group 2, a^(*) value more change in L, in group 3, b^(*) value more change in L in gioup 4, a(*) value less change in L. After bleaching L^(*) value and ΔE increased in all groups and the value of a^(*) and b^(*) decreased in all groups. Within the limitation of this test conditions, the results of this study indicate that the light energy has no obvious improving impact on the tooth whitening effect of a bleaching agent. 이 연구의 목적은 미백제의 치아미백효과에 미백보조광의 빛에너지의 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 발거된 하악 대구치 치관의 설면을 실험에 사용하였고, 하나의 대구치에서 근심과 원심으로 구분되는 2개의 치아 절편을 얻었다. 모든 시편을 24시간동안 적포도주에 보관하여 착색을 유도하고, 인공타액에 보관하였다. 시편들은 미백광조사기와 미백 powder의 종류에 따라 4개의 실험군으로 나뉘었으며, 실험군은 다음과 같다. Group 1: LumaCool로 광조사를 시행, LumaWhite를 사용 Group 2: LumaCool로 광조사를 시행, Polaoffice를 사용 Group 3: FlipoWhite 2로 광조사를 시행, LumaWhite를 사용 Group 4: FlipoWhite 2로 광조사를 시행, Polaoffice를 사용 미백처치는 10분간 매 24시간마다 총 6회 시행하였고, 미백처치시 동일한 치아에서 얻어진 두 개의 시편 중 원심시편에는 미백광조사를 시행한 반면, 근심시편에는 미백광조사를 시행하지 않았다. 색조의 평가는 spectrophotometer를 사용하여 매 미백처지 전과 후에 시행하였고, 근심측과 원심측에서 얻어진 색조 변화 차이를 paired-sample T test를 이용하여 95%의 신뢰수준으로 비교하였다. 미백처치 후 모든 실험군에서 L^(*) value와 ΔE의 증가와 a^(*) value와 b^(*) value의 감소가 관찰되었다. Group 2 원심절편의 a^(*) value와 group 3 원심절편의 b^(*) value에서의 더 큰 변화와 group 4의 원심절편에서의 a^(*) value가 좀 더 적은 변화를 제외하고, 모든 실험군에서 근심절편과 원심절편사이에서 색조변화의 차이는 통계적 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 연구 결과에서 미백보조광의 빛에너지는 미백제의 치아미백 효과를 증가시키는 것에 명백한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 평가되었다.

흰쥐 Kupffer 세포에 대한 Propofol의 작용

박세훈,지대림,성언기,김희선,송인환,박희영,김준수,이덕희,박대팔 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.4

Background: Propofol has an antioxidant capacity and can be used for ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. However, the effects of propofol on the Kupffer cells have not been establisked. Methods: Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured from male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of propofol on the Kupffer cells were evaluated by a phagocytosis assay, TNF-α gene expression, and superoxide anion release after administering propofol in different concentrations on the cultured Kuprrer cells. Results: The latex bead phagocytosis by the Kupffer cells was suppressed when the Kupffer cells were exposed to propofol irrespective of concentrations. Higher propofol concentrations decreased the loss of Kupffer cells after latex bead phagocytosis. Propofol induced TNF-α mRNA expression in the Kupffer cells, but the mRNA expression level after 50㎍/ml of propofol decreased. The pattern of TNF-α mRNA expression induced by propofol was different to that induced by LPS: TNF-α mRNA was expressed continuously in the propofol-treated cells until 16 hours after exposure to propofol, whereas the level of TNF-α mRNA expression induced by LPS was evident after 2 hours and was not found thereafter. TNF-α production after propofol treatment was not higher than that of the control. Formazan presipitation did not show any qualitative differences between cells untreated or treated with propofol concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, and 50 ㎍/ml. Conclusions: These results showed that propofol might inhibit Kupffer cells. This suggests that propofol and be used for patients with ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2002; 43: 475~484)

장기간 체중부하 운동훈련이 흰쥐 노화 심근에 미치는 영향

박원학,조현국,이영실,정형재,이용덕 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1998 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.4 No.2

장기간 체중부하운동이 흰쥐의 심근에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 생후 3개월, 10개월 및 20개월된 흰쥐를 5개월간 운동 시킨 후 각각의 비운동군과 비교하여 심근의 조직학적 ·세포학적 변화를 관찰하고, 심근세포내 미세구조적 변화를 입체해석학적으로 비교 ·분석하였다. 운동 15개월군부터 노화색소의 양이 현저히 증가되었고 사립체의 변성, 공포화 현상 그리고 간질조직의 증식이 뚜렷하였으며, 25개월군에서는 윤반분리, 근원섬유의 소실 및 과수축대 출현빈도가 증가되었다. Glucose-6-phosphatase의 활성도는 15개월 운동군에서 감소하여 25개월 운동군에서는 활성도가 거의 나타나지 알았다. 입체해석학적 결과에서도 장기간 체중부하운동으로 인해 15개월, 25개월군에서 모두 사립체와 근원섬유의 체적밀도는 감소되었고, 간질조직의 체적밀도는 증가되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 장기간 체중부하운동은 3개월군에 있어서 심장에 미치는 역효과가 없으나 10개월군과 20개월군에서는 심근 기능강화에 역효과를 초래 할 우려가 큰 것으로 판단된다. There is considerable interests in the effect of regular, vigorous exercise, in particular weight training as a possible measure in improving myocardial function. The present investigation aimed to examine possible effect of a long-term weight training program on the heart in aging rats. Male rats aged 3-, 10-, and 20-month-old were divided at random into a control (sedentary) and the exercise group. The training group was exercised for 5 days a week by 1 RM of ten times with weight training apparatus. This investigation examined the changes of the heart muscle relative to histological, ultrastructural, cytochemical, and stereological studies in rats. Quantity of lipofuscin pigments was clearly increased in the weight training group of 15-month-old rats, and mitochondrial degeneration, vacuolization, and interstitial proliferation were observed as well. In the weight training group of 25-month-old rats the frequency as separated intercalated discs, fraying myofibrils and hypercontraction band increased in number compared with the same 15-month-old group. From the experimental result of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, the enzyme activities decreased in the weight training group of 15-month-old rats, and more decreased in the same 25-month-old group. In stereological study, both 15- and 25-month-old training groups, mitochondrial and myofibrilar volume densities significantly decreased, whereas interstitial volume density significantly increased. From the experimental results obtained in the present study, it is suggested that long-term weight training exercise do not cause any significantly qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural change of the heart muscle in the young. On the contrary, long-term weight training exercise stress may actually induce degenerative changes in the heart muscle in the old age.

쇄골하정맥을 통하여 중심정맥도관 삽입 실패 후 나타난 혈흉 1예

김대영,김대우,손희원,박상진,이덕희 영남대학교 의과대학 2008 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.25 No.2

Central venous catheterization via an internal jugular vein or subclavian vein has become a common procedure in monitonng CVP and managing severely ill patients. However, there have beennumerous reports of complications associated with central venous catheterization. These include vessel injury, pneumothorax, hemothorax, nerve injury, arrhythmias, artriovenous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and infection at the insertion site. We report a case of hemothorax after subclavian vein catheterization failure, along with successful treatment.

ICT를 활용한 픽토그램 지도방안 연구 - 초등학교 4학년을 중심으로

박은덕(Park Eun-Deok),신영빈(Shin YoungㅡBin) 한국미술교육학회 2007 美術敎育論叢 Vol.21 No.2

  픽토그램을 초등학교 과정에서 지도함으로써 아동들이 생활 속에서 시각디자인을 이해하며 디자인적 사고와 공동사고과정을 체험하고 시각적 의사소통을 효율적으로 할 수 있는 지도 방안을 마련하였다. ICT 교재를 개발하고 이를 응용하여 기초 이해 단계와 한 가지 주제의 픽토그램을 다양하게 제작하는 기초 표현 단계, 자유 주제로 픽토그램을 제작해보는 창의적 표현 단계로 나누어 학교 현장에서 적용하였다. 기초이해 단계에서 개념과 다양한 사례, 그리고 조형 요소 및 원리에 관한 학습을 사전 제작한 컴퓨터 프로그램 자료를 이용함으로써 체계적인 학습을 유도할 수 있었으며, 픽토그램 제작에서 겪게 되는 표현의 어려움을 최소화하여 작품의 완성도를 높일 수 있었다. 기초 표현 단계에서 주제에 대한 효과적인 표현 방법을 모색해 봄으로써 시각적 의사소통의 융통성과 유연성을 신장시키고 창의적인 표현능력으로 연결되는 것으로 현장 적용 결과 나타났다.   Use of ICT program for teaching the pictogram in elementary school gives promising results to enhance the understanding of the basic concept of visual design. By using the developed ICT materials in basic inquiry level for investigating the effective methods of expression, the participating students have a wide experience on the versatility and flexibility of the pictogram as a tool of visual communication. Since the participating students are the forth grade of elementary school, the expression skill and the degree of completion is not good enough. However, they are very creative and cooperative during the class hours. It has been concluded that teaching the pictogram by using ICT in elementary school student gives more effective on understanding the relationship between design and human life than higher level students.

사전편찬을 위한 대량의 말뭉치에서의 자동 용례색인기의 개발

이창덕,박영자,송만석 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1997 논문집 Vol.29 No.1

Lexical knowledge of a language is necessary to study the language and one can obtain the knowledge about each word by investigating how it is used in contexts. A large corpus is an abundant knowledge resource which provides syntactic and semantic information of a language. So, many tools for maintaining a large corpus and extracting information from it are needed. A concordance system is one of the most useful tools. We implemented a concordance system which can retrieve linguistic information from the large corpus(about 30,000,000 words) correctly and quickly. We constructed index files to retrieve concordance in real time. This system can also retrieve concordances among non-adjacent words, which is very useful to acquire phrase-level information. Various query languages and graphic user interface are supplied to support user's different requirements. This system is being used in Korean lexicography.