Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

40세 이하 관상동맥 질환자에서 장기적 임상 관찰

이승욱,정명호,박종철,박형욱,조상희,김원,김계훈,이상현,강경태,조장현,김남호,김건형,안영근,조정관,박종춘,강정채 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

항암화학요법 관련 오심과 구토 완화를 위한 비약물요법에 관한 연구동향

소향숙,최자윤,조인숙,김영재,김지영,김애숙,김옥미,김춘심,김현오,설영애,안정옥,이애리,이영자 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. Method: Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Result: Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group: 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.

VOC와 EC의 공통 속성에 관한 연구

전영호,박성현 弘益大學校 科學基術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.2

비자의 요구사항은 구체적으로 표현되기 보다는 추상적으로 표현된다는 것이 일반적이다. 따라 소비자의 요구사항을 제품의 설계특성에 직접적으로 연관짓는다는 것은 결코 쉬운 일이 아니다. 연구에서는 제품에 대한 소비자의 요구사항과 설계특성간의 공통요인인 Attribute을 추출 및 활여 양자간의 Relationships Matrix를 구축하는 프로세스를 다루고자 한다. 특히, Relationshipsix는 소비자 요구사항인 VOC, 설계특성인 EC 및 공통요인인 Attribute의 DB를 구축한 후 품질전개(Quality Functin Deployment; QFD)의 핵심인 품질의 집(House of Quality; HOQ)의 형태로 되어 제품 개발의 추후 단계에 활용할 수 있도록 하고자 한다.

컴퓨터 프로그램을 이용한 질적자료의 분석-NUDㆍIST와 The Ethnograph을 중심으로-

전기홍,이해종,이영재,김정은,서현정,유동현,이희경 대한의료정보학회 1996 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.2 No.1

Iron Nitrilitriacetate(FeNTA)의 신 조직 손상에 관한 연구

천현욱,김회영,김동영,최종원 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 1994 環境硏報 Vol.4 No.1

Nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) is a synthetic amino polycarboxylic acid chelating agent. It has a high affinity for aluminium and rare earth and alkali earth metals. NTA has been used various countries as a substitute for polyphosphates in houshold detergents to reduce or reverse eutrophication. Renal lipid peroxide concentration of mouse on kidney treated with FeNTA was significantly increased in comparison with that of the normal. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) level and urinary γ-glutamyltransferase(γ-GT) activity of mice given FeNTA significantly increased in comparison with that of control. But urinary lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity was not affected any other conditions. Renal protein bound-SH and glutathione concentration of male mice given FeNTA significantly decreased in comparison with that of control mice. These result suggest that nephrotoxicity of FeNTA caused proximals tubule necrosis on kidney of male mice.

유아 보육·교육 관련 온라인 멀티미디어 서비스의 분석 및 개선 방안 : 부산지역을 중심으로

천희영,서현아 한국영유아보육학회 2003 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.35

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current situation of online multimedia services related to child care and education in Busan and to investigate how to improve the service system. Two different substudies were carried out. In substudy 1, 386 internet sites were evaluated using rating scales and one-way ANOVA and MANOVA were conducted. The results of substudy 1 showed that quality of online multimedia service in Busan varied depending on the developers. Comparing to online multimedia services in other areas, there were differences in the features of information, the areas where the service was developed(the developed area), and the developers. In substudy 2, a questionnaire was distributed to mothers, teachers, and early childhood professionals to see how they use online multimedia services about child care and education. x²-test and MANOVA were conducted. The results of substudy 2 indicated that there were differences in using online multimedia services among the users. No difference was found in the importance of service contents and the extent of satisfaction in using services among online users. However, some differences were found in the contents and the extents of satisfaction depending on developers. For the improvement of online multimedia services, the roles of developers, users, and early childhood professionals were discussed respectively.

스토커형 저공해 소각로 설계를 위한 비반응 유동해석에 관한 연구

전영남,오현명,김미환 조선대학교 환경연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

The numerical simulation of non-reactive turbulent model and cold flow experiment were carried out to propose the incinerator type for the domestic refuses and to investigate the design factor and operating conditions. The "standard stoker incinerator" proposed in this study was modified from central flow type with carrying out by material and numerical simulations repeatedly. The stoker has the characteristics of good mixing between refuse and hot combustion gas in primary combustion chamber and between unburned gas inflowing and secondary air jet in secondary chamber. Also there was no recirculation zone in secondary chamber so that mixing time was increased with higher residence time. Therefore this incinerator could be possible for domestic refuse to burn up with the low emission and high efficiency combustion. Parametric screening studies were achieved in standard stoker incinerator. The parameters are stoker type, secondary air inflow type, secondary air injection angles, secondary injection air flow rate and primary air inflow rate. The results are as follows: 1. In the same conditions with standard stoker incinerator, flow pattern was not almost changed by changing inclined stoker type. 2. The injection potion and angle of secondary air had an effect on flow field in secondary combustion chamber. 3. Flow pattern was not almost changed with the variation of the flow rate of primary and secondary air injection. The results of parametric studies said that the main factors for the design are the incinerator configuration of secondary combustion chamber and/or the position and angle of secondary air injection.

스포츠 유형에 따른 여가만족도에 관한 연구

천영일,이재형,조현철 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2002 體育硏究 Vol.- No.16

The Purpose of this study was to the relationship between type of sports activity and leisure satisfaction among collegiate. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the type in sports activity on leisure satisfaction by comparing the difference of psychological, educational, social, physiological, relaxational, and environmental satisfaction. Subjects of this study were sampled 696 the collegiate(392 male, 301 female) by the random sampling method. The method of statistics used to analysis the collected data are frequence, covariance analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis using multiple regression analysis. Based on the procedures and results, the following conclusions were warranted; 1. Background variables such as sex, income, and self-rated health among sociodemographic characteristics in fluence on leisure satisfaction. 2. The type of sports at activity among the collegiate has an influence on the psychological satisfaction. That is, difference in psychological satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and individual event is the highest. 3. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the social satisfaction. That Is, difference in social satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 4. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the social satisfaction. That is, difference in educational satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 5. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the physiological satisfaction. That is, difference in physiological satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and team is the highest. 6. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has an influence on the relaxational satisfaction. That is, difference in relaxational satisfaction according to the type of sports of sports activity, and leisure event is the highest. 7. The type of sports activity among the collegiate has no an influence on the environmental sati satisfaction.