지역사회에서 형성된 사회적 지지와 근로자의 사회심리적 스트레스간의 관련성

임화영,김형수,최영환,장성훈,이건세,정최경희,오원기,최재욱,정춘화 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Objective: This study was performed to examine the relationship between community-based social support and psychosocial distress in workers. Methods: The study subjects were 596 workers recruited from 11 companies in Chungju city. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job characteristics, job stress, work-based social support, community-based social support and level of psychosocial distress. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that workers with no chronic disease, exercise and sufficient sleep had a higher score of psychosocial distress than those with chronic disease, no exercise, and not enough sleep. Coworker's work-based social support and community-based social support were negatively associated with psychosocial distress. The R square value of total independent variables on psychosocial distress was 0.409, and that of community-based social support on psychosocial distress was 0.052. Conclusion: This study showed that community-based social support served as a protective factor against psychosocial distress in some workers. We recommend the establishment of a worksite stress reduction program in occupational level as well as community-based social support.

중환자실 병원감염에 대한 다기관 공동 조사연구

박은숙,박미라,진혜영,김정은,최정실,송영구,최영화,이위교,홍성관,허애정,양동규,김준명 대한병원감염관리학회 2003 의료관련감염관리 Vol.8 No.1

Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

2004년 7월 봇돌바다의 영양염과 Chlorophyll-a의 단기 변동

최용규,조은섭,권기영,이용화,이영식 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.4

In order to study the temporal variations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the Bottol Bada, three field observations were carried out on 20, 23 and 26 July, 2004. The low N:P values exhibit nitrogen deficiency during the periods of observation. This result is not representative of typical summer environment in the southern coast of Korea. The possible mechanisms are as follows: 1) The freshwater inflow was not sufficient for the supply of nitrogen because the total precipitation was 11.9 mm in July, 2004. This amount is no more than 5% in normal precipitation in July. 2) There was an inflow of oceanic water under the subsurface into the Bottol Bada. Even though the oceanic water comprises more nutrients, it produces the stratification between the surface and the subsurface water and seems to prevent the supply of nutrinets to the surface layer. 3) The high chlorophyll-a concentration of 1.2 ㎍/L was shown near the narrow channel between Gae-do and Geumo-do. This seems to be resulted from the inflow of water from Gamak Bay.

흰쥐 안면신경핵 세포의 전기생리학적 및 형태학적 특성

최병주,조진화,배용철,김영진 大韓小兒齒科學會 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

흰쥐의 안면신경핵을 구성하는 신경세포들의 시냅스 연결 양태 및 세포막 특성을 규명하기 위해 in vivo 필드전위 및 세포내 전위 측정법을 이용하여 전기생리적 반응을 관찰하였다. 말초 안면신경 분지를 역행성으로 전기자극시 자극세기에 비례하여 전위의 크기가 증가되었고 필드 전위의 양태는 두 가지 반응으로 나타났는데 전기자극 직후 1ms 부근에서 정점을 나타내는 양태와 이와 더불어 7~8ms 부근에서 후기 정점을 동반하는 양태가 있었다. 안면신경핵은 염색시 내측, 배외측, 중간측 및 외측등 4부분의 소핵으로 구분되었다. Neurobiotin으로 채워진 단일 신경세포를 형태학적으로 재구축하였는데 세포체는 추체형태를 나타내었고 주 수상돌기는 모든 방향으로 뻗어져 있었고 각 수상돌기의 영역은 해당 소핵 내에 한정되어 있었다. 일련의 과분극 전류(-1.2~+1.2nA)를 세포내에 가하였을 때 동반되는 세포내 전위변화를 입력저항 값으로 계산하였을 때 그 기울기가 직선형으로 나타났다. 탈분극 전류를 세포내 주입시 지속적인 활동성 전위가 나타났으며 전류의 크기에 비례하여 각 전위의 개수가 증가하였고 spike-빈도 적응 현상이 나타났다. 그러나 시간 의존성 내향성 정류현상은 관찰되지 않았고 anodal break excitation이 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과로 보아 안면신경핵을 구성하고 있는 세포들 사이의 시냅스는 다양한 형태로 존재할 가능성이 있다고 사료되며 이들 시냅스간의 변화를 통하여 안면 신경마비, 반쪽 안면 경련, hypoglossal-facial anastomosis등에서 나타날 수 있는 임상적 신경성 증상 기전을 설명할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. 주요어 : 안면신경핵, 시냅스, 신경세포막 특성, 안면신경마비, 반쪽 안면 경련 This study used in vivo intracellular and extracellular fIeld potential recording to evaluate the intrinsic membrane properties and connection pattern within facial nucleus. 1.There were four subdivisions of medial, intermediate, lateral, and dorsolateral in facial nucleus. 2.Principal cells in the facial nucleus was recorded from and filled with neurobiotin in anesthetized rats. The extent of their dendrites and the characteristics of cell body were examined. 3.Principal cells had a large amplitude action potential and afterhyperpolarization was followed a single action potential. 4.The response from facial motonucleus to electrical stimulation of the facial nerve was mainly a monophasic wave, with a latency of 1 msec, which was assumed to reflect antidromic activation of facial motoneurons. In some of rats the response in addition showed late components at a latency of about 7-8 msec, but its amplitude was small. 5.Mest of cells exhibited accommodation of spike discharge upon depolarization of membrane by 0.8 nA for 400 ms. Our results support the hypothesis that there normally are weak connections between different parts of the facial motonucleus to explain pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm and facial nerve paralysis.

Modified Free Wrap-around flap을 이용한 수무지 재건술

최영화,황치원,정병훈,한명호 대한성형외과학회 1992 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.19 No.3

The thumb is the most important part in the hand and its loss results in severely diminished function of the hand for pinch and grasp. There are several microsurgical and other methods to reconstruct and amputated or lost thumb such as toe-to-thumb transfer1)2)9) as well as several varieties of flaps. Among them, a free wrap around flap taken from the big toe, including the nail and an iliac bone graft as the cone of the reconstruction was a quite satisfactory procedure, but there were some problems. We performed a free wrap around flap on traumatically missing thumb with modification to include all part of the distal phalanx without iliac bone graft. The resorption and atrophy of a grafted iliac bone, a constant problem with Morrison's original procedure8), could be prevented by the modified method. The donor site defects were covered by remained medial flap for weight bearing area first, and full thickness skin graft for remained defected area. The results were good cosmetically and functionally without significant problems.

첨가재료별 증편의 가공 적성 검토

최영희,전화숙,강미영 동아시아식생활학회 1996 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The sensory and instrumental characteristics of Jeung-pyun made from various additives were investigated to improve the quality of Jeung pyun and to know the effects of additives on Jeung-pyun preparation. In sensory evaluation of Jeung-pyun made from various additives, hardness was significantly lower by addition of soy bean flour, whole milk powder, and egg yolk. The cell uniformity of Jeung-pyun was significantly lower by addition of egg yolk and mugwort. And the degree of bitterness Jeung-pyun containing soy bean flour and mugwort flour were significantly higher than that of control. Retrogradation of Jeung-pyun assessed from DSC thermogram and hardness measured by texturometer was delayed by addition of soy bean flour, and whole milk powder.

우리나라 M&A에 대한 조세제도에 관한 연구

최영동,오화중 호남대학교 대학원 2004 호남대학교 대학원 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Lately, encountering the IMF economic crisis, corcorations are reorganizing the system. The tax management becomes the bic issue not only in the enterprise but also in the research. Owing to the change of the national management environments, the reorganization of system is unavoidable, but the enormous burden of taxation makes the rearrangement difficult. Therefore the improvement in the taxation system to remove the obstacle of taxation is necessary. To cope with the change of the management environment, the government revised the tax law in December 1998 and established the several taxation systems for the coalition and division of corporations. Before it, whenever meeting those problems, the government dealt with them sporadically. But this revision is the systematic tax law related with the coalition and division of enterprises. Especially as the division of enterprises is carried out for the first time, Korea will have the advanced taxation system. Generally, the taxation system related with the coalition and division of corporation includes criticism and disputes in explaining and executing the actual tax law. Due to this, in foreign countries, the taxation system connected with the reorganization of companies belongs to the complicated tax area and remains as the long-standing problem. In the case of Korea, the taxation system about the change of the organization of corporation is the first attempt and the cases of execution are insufficient. Therefore many difficulties are expected in enforcing the tax law. The purpose of this study is to classify the several theories about the division of companies and to systemize the theories around the division of corporations.

TCP 트래픽의 성능 측정

최우철,송화선,정영준 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2003 정보통신논문지 Vol.7 No.-

The performance evaluation of Internet traffics has been performed by factors such as RTT and packet loss. This individual evaluation method has some difficulties in determining service quality due to interoperations between those factors. This paper presents a hybrid performance evaluation formula for TCP traffics, which uses both RTT and packet loss. The formula has been defined by an interpretation model, which is derived from a TCP throughtput rate in congestion environment and a packet retransmission mechanism. The proposed formula has been applied to a data set collected from the KREN performance measure, and then has been shown to easily determine TCP performance variations. Thus, the proposed scheme can be used for a SLA monitoring system.

2004년 7월 봇돌바다의 썰물, 전류 및 밀물시 수온과 염분 분포

최용규,조은섭,이용화,이영식 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Based on the observation on 20, 23 and 26 July 2004, the distributions of temperature, salinity and stratification was investigated in relation to ebb, turn of tide and flood. The results are as follows: 1) The high temperature and low saline water with 23.5-24.0℃ and 32.4~33.0psu existed at Naro Island. 2) The cold surface water below 21.00 and 33.0~33.4psu appeared in the area near Gae Island and Geumo Island. 3) The cold and saline water, below 24.0℃ at the surface and 17.0℃ near the bottom, 32.8~33.8psu at the surface and 33.8~34.0psu near the bottom, existed in Sori Island. These waters were more saline compared to the South Sea Coastal Water with about 31.8psu. This suggests that the oceanic saline water intruded into the Bottol Bada through the area near Sori Island. The stratification appeared during all the observation periods due to a high solar radiation of 22MJ/m², and a weak wind speed of 2.9m/s on the average while the mean speed of wind in July is around 3.9 m/s. It qualitatively suggested that the stratification was maintained during the observation periods because of a high solar radiation, a weak wind speed and intrusion of saline oceanic water.