Projections of summertime ozone concentration over East Asia under multiple IPCC SRES emission scenarios

Lee, Jae-Bum,Cha, Jun-Seok,Hong, Sung-Chul,Choi, Jin-Young,Myoung, Ji-Su,Park, Rokjin J.,Woo, Jung-Hun,Ho, Changhoi,Han, Jin-Seok,Song, Chang-Keun Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have developed the Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) through the one-way nesting of global–regional models to examine the changes in the surface ozone concentrations over East Asia under future climate scenarios. Model simulations have been conducted for the present period of 1996–2005 to evaluate the performance of ICAMS. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reproduced the observed monthly mean concentrations at sites in East Asia with high R<SUP>2</SUP> values (0.4–0.9), indicating a successful simulation to capture both spatial and temporal variability. We then performed several model simulations with the six IPCC SRES scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2) for the next three periods, 2016–2025 (the 2020s), 2046–2055 (the 2050s), and 2091–2100 (the 2090s). The model results show that the projected changes of the annual daily mean maximum eight-hour (DM8H) surface ozone concentrations in summertime for East Asia are in the range of 2–8 ppb, −3 to 8 ppb, and −7 to 9 ppb for the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2090s, respectively, and are primarily determined based on the emission changes of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC. The maximum increases in the annual DM8H surface ozone and high-ozone events occur in the 2020s for all scenarios except for A2, implying that the air quality over East Asia is likely to get worse in the near future period (the 2020s) than in the far future periods (the 2050s and the 2090s). The changes in the future environment based on IPCC SRES scenarios would also influence the change in the occurrences of high-concentrations events more greatly than that of the annual DM8H surface ozone concentrations. Sensitivity simulations show that the emissions increase is the key factor in determining future regional surface ozone concentrations in the case of a developing country, China, whereas a developed country, Japan would be influenced more greatly by effects of the regional climate change than the increase in emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Change in ozone level is determined by the combination of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC emissions. </LI> <LI> Ozone level over East Asia would get worse in the near future (the 2020s) than far future. </LI> <LI> A high-concentration event generally increases and more frequently occurs in the future. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developing country depends more on emissions change. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developed country depends more on climate change. </LI> </UL> </P>

펠던크라이스 기법, 탄성밴드 운동 및 복합운동 적용이 현대무용전공자의 체간근력에 미치는 영향

김채수(Kim Chae-Soo),권혜영(Kwon Hye-Young),이원재(Lee Won-Jae),조창모(Jo Chang-Mo),김진환(Kim Jin-Hwan),주성범(Ju Sung-Bum),이미경(Lee Mi-Kyoung) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This study is carried out to examine the effect of applying Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training on trunk muscle. The subjects of this study were 32 modern dance majors and they were divided into four groups which consists of 8 peoples each, Feldenkrais method group(modern dance + Feldenkrais method), elastic band training group(modern dance + elastic band training), combined training group(modern dance + Feldenkrais method + elastic band training), and control group(modern dance). Measurement variables which are trunk muscle were measured before training, and after 4 and 8 weeks training and the results are as follow: In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 0°, Feldenkrais method group, elastic band training group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group had significant increase after 8 weeks training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 45°, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training and after 4 weeks training. Also elastic band training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group and elastic band training group significantly increased after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 90°, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training, and elastic band training group significantly increased after 8weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 135°, there was no significant changes. In the right muscle strength change, elastic band training group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 180°, combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. From above results, applying 8 weeks regular program of Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training to modern dance majors showed positive changes on improvement of trunk muscle strength and physical strength. Also this study implemented to verify the effects of trunk muscle strength and body balance through supplementary training program, and showed the effects in the training group and control group after 8 weeks trunk muscle strengthening program. Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training are very effective to improve trunk muscle strength of modern dance majors so that continuous implementation and application of these effective training program shall be provided for strengthening trunk muscle.

Case Report : A Case of Occupational Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Associated with Trichloroethylene

( Young Jae Kim ),( Eu Dong Hwang ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Beo Deul Kang ),( Soo Yun Chang ),( Ho Keun Kim ),( In Kyu Park ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Moo Suk 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.76 No.2

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a toxic chemical commonly used as a degreasing agent, and it is usually found in a colorless or blue liquid form. TCE has a sweet, chloroform-like odor, and this volatile chlorinated organic chemical can cause toxic hepatitis, neurophysiological disorders, skin disorders, and hypersensitivity syndromes. However, the hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) attributed to TCE has rarely been reported. We hereby describe a case of HP associated with TCE in a 29-year-old man who was employed as a lead welder at a computer repair center. He was installing the capacitors on computer chip boards and had been wiped down with TCE. He was admitted to our hospital with complaints of dry coughs, night sweats, and weight losses for the past two months. HP due to TCE exposure was being suspected due to his occupational history, and the results of a video-associated thoracoscopic biopsy confirmed the suspicions. Symptoms have resolved after the steroid pulse therapy and his occupational change. TCE should be taken into consideration as a potential trigger of HP. Early recognition and avoidance of the TCE exposure in the future is important for the treatment of TCE induced HP.

A Case of Occupational Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Associated with Trichloroethylene

Jae, Young,Hwang, Eu Dong,Leem, Ah Young,Kang, Beo Deul,Chang, Soo Yun,Kim, Ho Keun,Park, In Kyu,Kim, Song Yee,Kim, Eun Young,Jung, Ji Ye,Kang, Young Ae,Park, Moo Suk,Kim, Young Sam,Kim, Se Kyu,Chang, The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2014 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.76 No.2

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a toxic chemical commonly used as a degreasing agent, and it is usually found in a colorless or blue liquid form. TCE has a sweet, chloroform-like odor, and this volatile chlorinated organic chemical can cause toxic hepatitis, neurophysiological disorders, skin disorders, and hypersensitivity syndromes. However, the hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) attributed to TCE has rarely been reported. We hereby describe a case of HP associated with TCE in a 29-year-old man who was employed as a lead welder at a computer repair center. He was installing the capacitors on computer chip boards and had been wiped down with TCE. He was admitted to our hospital with complaints of dry coughs, night sweats, and weight losses for the past two months. HP due to TCE exposure was being suspected due to his occupational history, and the results of a video-associated thoracoscopic biopsy confirmed the suspicions. Symptoms have resolved after the steroid pulse therapy and his occupational change. TCE should be taken into consideration as a potential trigger of HP. Early recognition and avoidance of the TCE exposure in the future is important for the treatment of TCE induced HP.

18–30세 사이에 발생하는 뇌경색의 특징, 다기관 레지스트리 연구

장윤경,송태진,김용재,허지회,이경열,김영은,장민욱,조수진,강석윤 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2017 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.40 No.3

Objectives: Although there have been several reports that described characteristics for young age stroke, information regarding very young age (18–30 years old) has been limited. We aimed to analyze demographic factors, stroke subtype, and 3-month outcome in acute ischemic stroke patient who have relatively very young age in multicenter stroke registry. Methods: We evaluated all 122 (7.1%) consecutive acute ischemic stroke (within 7 days after symptom onset) patients aged 18 to 30 from 17,144 patients who registered in multicenter prospective stroke registry, 1997 to 2012. Etiology was classified by Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. Stroke severity was defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke outcome was defined by modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months after index stroke. Results: The mean age of all included patients was 25.1±3.7 years and 76 patients (62.2%) were male. The median NIHSS at admission was 4. Considering stroke subtype, 37 patients (30.3%) had stroke of other determined etiology (SOD), 37 (30.3%) had undetermined negative evaluation (UN) and 31 (25.4%) had cardioembolism (CE) were frequently noted. After adjusting age, sex and variables which had P<0.1 in univariable analysis (NIHSS and stroke subtype), CE stroke subtype (odds ratio, 4.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–15.48; P=0.011) were significantly associated with poor functional outcome (mRS≥3). Conclusion: In very young age ischemic stroke patients, SOD and UN stroke subtype were most common and CE stroke subtype was independently associated with poor discharge outcome.

몰리브덴 퍼어말로이의 자기저항 효과에 관한 연구

장충근,유중렬,송재용,윤만영,박재형,손대락 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1991 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.2 No.1

자기저항센서를 제작하기 위하여 Mo-permalloy(Ni:79.43%, Fe:14.47%, Mo:5.7%, Mn:0.38%, C:0.013%)를 슬라이드 그라스에 진공증착하여 sensor element를 제작한 후 포화자속밀도(B_(s)), 보자력(H_(c)), 자기이방성상수(K//), 자기저항변화율(ΔR/R)을 조사하였다. 진공증착된 permalloy 박막의 포화자속밀도는 0.746T 이었으며, 자화주파수 1kHz에서 보자력은 2.90A/cm(//),1.98A/cm(⊥) 이었고, 열처리 후에 1.79A/cm(//). 1.37A/cm(⊥)로 감소되었다. 한편 이 소자의 자기이방성상수는 1.38X10^(4)erg/cm^(3) 이었으며 5x1^(0-3)T의 자장변화에 대만 저항변화율(ΔR/R)은 2.0% 이었다. 앞으로 이 소자의 온도특성, 잡음특성 및 내열성 등을 조사하고자 한다. To fabricate magnetoresistive sensor, Mo-permalloy(Ni:79.43%, Fe:14.47%, Mo:5.7%, Mn:0.38%, C:0.013%) was evaporated on the slide glass. Saturation magnetic induction(B_(s)), coercive field strength(H_(a)), magnetic anisotropy constant(K), and magnetoresistance were measured for the fabricated samples. The evaporated samples show that saturation magnetic induction was 0.746T, and coercive field strengthes were 2,90A/cm(//) and 1.98A/cm(⊥), and this values were reduced to 1.79A/cm(//) and 1.37A/cm(⊥) respectively after annealing. For the measurement of coercive field strength, magnetizing frequency of 1kHz was used. For the fabricated sensor element, magnetic anisotropic constant was 1.38X10^(4)erg/cm^(3) and magneto-resistance change(ΔR/R) was 2.0% under the magnetic field change of 5X10^(-3)T, We will continue study on the characteristics for the temperature, heat resistance, and noise.

Investigation of channel mobility in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors

Chang, Sung-Jae,Kang, Hee-Sung,Lee, Jae-Hoon,Yang, Jie,Bhuiyan, Maruf,Jo, Young-Woo,Cui, Sharon,Lee, Jung-Hee,Ma, Tso-Ping Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2016 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol.55 No.4

<P>We have investigated the channel mobility in the gated region of a set of high-quality AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The resistances in the contact, access, and gated regions were extracted from straightforward I-D(V-G) measurements on sets of HEMTs with four different gate-to-drain distances. By correcting for the effects of the contact and access resistances, much more accurate effective mobility curves in the gated region, compared to those reported in the past, have been obtained. The maximum effective mobility in that region has been found to be 1100cm(2)V(-1) s(-1) at carrier density n(s) = 7 x 10(12)cm(-2) at room temperature. We have extracted the mobility curves in a wide range of temperatures (80 to 520 K) and carrier concentrations (up to 1.3 x 10(13)cm(-2)). Our systematic measurements have revealed various dominant scattering mechanisms as the temperature and carrier concentration change. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics</P>

래칭 릴레이의 온도에 따른 동작 특성 변화

류재만,진인영,허창수,Ryu, Jae-Man,Jin, In-Young,Huh, Chang-Su 한국전기전자재료학회 2017 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.30 No.8

Electrical relay in an essential part of smart grids, electrical vehicles, and LED lightning systems. Therefore, studying relay reliability is important. Relays using permanent magnet actuators (PMAs), which are energy efficient, are also in the spotlight. However, most of the permanent magnets used in PMAs have a characteristic wherein the magnetic flux decreases as the temperature increases. When the magnetic flux is reduced, the force acting on the actuator is reduced. Therefore, in this study, we measured the decrease in the relay operating speed with permanent magnet reduction due to temperature rise. In addition, changes in the bouncing phenomena due to magnetic flux reduction were analyzed. As a result, the operating speed of the relay has decreased and the bouncing phenomenon has not significantly changed.

용성산인(龍城山人) 이창원(李昌遠)의 사상학설(四象學說)과 체질침(體質鍼)에 대한 고찰(考察)

안창범,윤현민,허재영,권혜연,Ahn, Chang-beohm,Youn, Byuon-Min,Hea, Jae-young,Kwon, Hae-Yon 대한침구의학회 2002 대한침구의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Objective : This study was carried out to review Chang-Won Lee's theory of Sasangand acupuncture of constitution. Methods : We have investigated Chang-Won Lee's unknown literature "Medicine of sassang "(四象醫學). Results : Constitutional acupuncture is based on the diversity of human being and medically developed the response variation to disease and acupuncture. The diversity is due to the Organ's Congenital Formation Variation based on human nature and it is categorized as four from physiology, pathology, symptoms, to therapy. Chang-Won Lee's constitutional acupuncture discriminated constitution of comparison palpations of right and left both sides. He insisted that constitution only four type(Sasang), not exist man of To-Hyoung (土形人) in "young -chu"(靈樞) and his constitutional acupuncture all used Jung-kyuck (reinforcement acupuncture method) and Seong-kyuck(reducing acupuncture method) of Sa-am(舍岩)

서보메카니즘의 마찰 보상제어에 관한 연구

장흥석,한재영,이재응 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

X-Y 테이블과 같은 서보메카니즘의 제어에서 마찰은 추적에러를 유발시키는 지배적인 요소중의 하나이다. 기존의 마찰모델들은 운동방향이 변하지 않을 때에는 잘 맞으나, 운동방향이 바뀔 때는 quadrant glitch라는 커다란 추적에러가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 quadrant glitch 현상을 보상할 수 있는 항을 갖는 새로운 마찰모델을 제안한다. 실험을 통하여 제안된 마찰모델의 성능과 효율성이 평가되며, 그 결과 제안된 마찰모델을 사용할 경우 quadrant glich 현상이 완전히 제거됨을 볼 수 있었다. In controlling servomechanism, such as X-Y tables, friction is one of the most significant source of tracking error. Existing friction models work well when the direction of the motion does not change. However, when the direction of motion changes such as traversing a circular profile, relatively large tracking errors referred to as 'quadrant glitches' are introduced. In this paper, we propose a new friction model, which has a term that can compensate the quadrant glitches. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed model are evaluated through the experimental work. The results show that the controlling servomechanism with the proposed model completely remove the quadrant glitches.