논문(論文) : “장소(場所)+시(是)+NP” 구문의 의미

장흥석 중국어문연구회 2012 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.52

漢語學界上一直認爲“處所+是+NP”句型表示存在的意思,幷沒有一個人硏究“處所+是+NP”句型表示存在這個意思的原因。初次說“是”字句表示存在的意思是張志公(1959),他認爲“是”字句有活用的用法,他可以表示存在的意思,1956年“是”字句還是表示判斷的意思,經過三年的時間,他終于表示存在的意思,可張志公也沒有分析‘是’字句爲什麻表示存在的意思。許多學者都認爲“處所+是+NP”句型一般表示“存在”,就趙元任(1979),松玉柱(1991),로福波(1996)認爲“處所+是+NP”句型含有存在和判斷兩個意思。“處所”和賓語NP沒有意味上的同一性。我們根據張濟卿(1996)的假設近一步硏究,“處所”表示處所上存在的事物或人。在表層結構上只說“處所詞”。這是語言表現上的經濟原則,就是Chomsky(1989、1995)主張的一項經濟性原則(economy principle)。因此,我們解釋“處所+是+NP”句子,整個句子單純表示“判斷”,幷不表示“存在”,“存在”是“處所+是+NP”句型內在的前提(premise)。話者說‘處所+是+NP’這個句型時,在某個場所存在某個事物或人的前提下,他是判斷事物或人的類型的。

연동문의 정형절과 비정형절 연구

장흥석 중국어문학연구회 2019 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.115

The clause of serial-verb structure is the sentence that are consist of two verbs or over two verbs, many scholars have studied it for a long time, obtained some performance, but many problems still are in constant discussion. this paper according to the generation grammar's minimalist theory, try to solve existing problems, and we are taking it one step further, also will study existence and generative processes in the clause of serial-verb structure. pro-drop language can omit the subject, and inverse subject and predicate each other, this is two parameters that judge the finite clause. we can omit subject in the clause of serial-verb structure, but the pattern of sentence have special sentence structure, because of this, can't inverse subject and predicate in general. and to be based on specific language environment can recover elliptical subject. chinese time adverbs “已经, 正在, 将要” appear the time elements of movement occurrence, they can be put in front of the clause of serial-verb structure verb phrase V1. but can't be used in front of the verb phrase V2. The current situation proposition appears the time elements of movement occurrence, too. they can be put in front of the clause of serial-verb structure verb phrase V1, or can be put in front of the clause of serial-verb structure verb phrase V2, only can't be put in front of the clause of serial-verb structure one verb phrase. through the above-mentioned contents, we can know finite clause and infinite clause exist in the clause of serial-verb structure. according to the concept of the clause of serial-verb structure and the meaning of “VP1”and“VP2”, The clause of serial-verb structure can be devided with five types in general. between VP1 and VP2 in the clause of serial-verb structure have the order of movement occurrence, that is, there is only the relation of before and after time. the arguments of tree diagram don't have the relation of c-command each other, the relation of before and after time between VP1 and VP2 can't be projected in tree diagram up and down. as for the clause of serial-verb structure, V1 doesn't c-command V2. c-command doesn't play an important role in the generation of the clause of serial-verb structure. in other words, PTS decide the word order of verb. we progressing the syntax project in the clause of serial-verb structure, project like this paper <picture 1>, doesn't project like this paper <picture 7>. the VP1 of the clause of Deng(2010) serial-verb structure show the method of VP2,the meaning of VP1 is same with the meaning of adjunct in generation grammar, but V1 has the property of verb, V1 is verb, this point isn't same with generation grammar adjunct, moreover VP1 is consisted with the structure of verb and object in the clause of serial-verb structure, it is front of VP2, they are projected side by side in the tree diagram, this is the sole parameter phenomenon of chinese.

Multilayer Micropatterning Using Convective Self-Assembly in Microfludic channels

장흥석,김상철,차국헌 한국고분자학회 2002 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2002 No.10

현대중국어 한정과 비한정 연구

장흥석 중국어문학연구회 2023 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.138

Like other languages, chinese has a determiner, and there are categories of definiteness and indefiniteness, so it is closely related to noun. definite meaning and indefinite meaning do not appear in a fixed position, but intersect and appear. according to the generation grammar's theory, this paper analyzed and studied in detail the parameters of chinese definiteness and indefiniteness. the concept of definiteness and indefiniteness was newly established and the characteristics distributed within the sentence were examined. In particular, after examining the basic sentence types related to definiteness and considered the effects and restriction of sentence structure on definiteness and indefiniteness, the true meaning and characteristics of definiteness and indefiniteness were classified and studied. the results of the above-described contents are as follows. First, definiteness mean indicating an object that can be identified by any means or refer to a specific identifiable entity. on the contrary, indefiniteness refers to the fact that it is not verifiable and there is no specific way to identify it. Chinese does not have an article like English, but parts such as indication pronouns, proper nouns, and personal pronouns have certain properties and express indefinite meaning, but these properties do not appear fixed, but are implemented as defenite or indefinite under the influence of useful requirements in the language environment. Second, the properties of definiteness and indefiniteness are not distributed only in one place, but appear in various components. the subject and object have both definite and indefinite properties. bare noun that do not have other components also have both properties. Inherent noun have a characteristic of definiteness. Indicative and personal pronoun have definite characteristics. number is used with both noun and noun behind the predicate to indicate the meaning of indefiniteness, and in front of the predicate, it also indicates the meaning of definiteness meaning along with the indicated pronoun. Third, definiteness and indefiniteness are fixed and don't used as a single property, but used crossing. an important factor related to this is closely related to the language environment. this is also related to the category of knowledge that people know or need to know what the sentence means. and it is related to the properties of the ingredients themselves used as subjects or objects. finally, it is related to the syntactic structure of the sentence. Fourth, meaningfully, a demonstrative pronouns and personal pronouns represent the defenite meaning in the sentence. It represents a specific thing when the component used as a subject or object refers to an individual person or object. When the nominal component used as an object describes an attribute or the property of a subject, it has an unspecified meaning. In addition, in the appositive structure of "personal pronoun+demonstrative pronouns+quantitative phrase", personal pronoun and demonstrative pronouns represent a defenite meaning, and personal pronouns refer to the same thing as "demonstrative pronouns+quantitative phrase". The quantifier represents a specific meaning along with the quantity or purely represents the meaning of the quantity. Fifth, determiner is used together with noun to constitute definite phrase DP. on the tree diagram, determiner is located at the highest point, and the elements with the characteristics of definiteness move to the place of determiner, were veryfied their features. determiner is the word that have the meaning of referring something and is used as phrase. It becomes the head of the noun structure. determiner is the head and is located on the leftmost side of the other phrases. On the contrary, nouns are placed in the rightmost position. Unlike 李亚非(2015)'s claim that the head comes after another phrases in the internal structure study of noun phrases, the head, the determiner, is locat...

‘場所+是+NP’ 구문의 의미

장흥석 중국어문연구회 2012 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.52

汉语学界上一直认为“处所+是+NP”句型表示存在的意思,并没有一個人研究“处所+是+NP”句型表示存在這個意思的原因。初次说“是”字句表示存在的意思是张志公(1959),他认为“是”字句有活用的用法,它可以表示存在的意思,1956年“是”字句还是表示判断的意思,经过三年的时间,它终于表示存在的意思,可张志公也沒有分析‘是’字句为什麽表示存在的意思。许多学者都认为“处所+是+NP”句型一般表示“存在”,就赵元任(1979),松玉柱(1991),卢福波(1996)认为“处所+是+NP”句型含有存在和判断两個意思。“处所”和宾语NP没有意味上的同一性。我们根據张济卿(1996)的假设进一步研究,“处所”表示处所上存在的事物或人。在表层结構上只说“处所词”。這是语言表現上的经济原则,就是Chomsky(1989、1995)主张的一项经济性原则(economy principle)。因此,我们解释“处所+是+NP”句子,整個句子单纯表示“判断”,幷不表示“存在”,“存在”是“处所+是+NP”句型内在的前提(premise)。话者说‘处所+是+NP’這個句型时,在某個场所存在某個事物或人的前提下,他是判断事物或人的类型的。

연동문의 부가어 연구

장흥석 중국어문학연구회 2019 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.119

The clause of serial-verb structure is the special sentence type that are consist of two verbs or over two verbs, the structure is very complicated and various, so many problems still are in constant discussion, the adjunct of serial-verb structure is one of them. this paper according to the generation grammar's theory, try to solve existing problems, and also going one step further will study the classification and generative processes in the adjunct of serial-verb structure. we will specially study the structure that are consist of '用', '拿' or adverbs that are located in front of VP2. the adjunct of serial-verb structure are made up of adverbs, temporal noun and prepositional phrase. they are used of adverbial, and they clarify their meaning. temporal noun can be located in front of verb, it can be located in front of subject, too. sometime it can be located in front of sentence. adverb can be used of adjunct in front of VP2, if it means its original intention, the sentence is the clause of serial-verb structure, otherwise if it means the relationship of hypothesis, concession, change, cause and effect, it is called relation adverb, the sentence is a stringent complex sentence. in fact, this complex sentence isn't the clause of serial-verb structure, some scholars gave some wrong examples. the structure that are consist of '用', '拿' means way and means, it can use dynamic postposition ‘了, 着, 过’ behind verb, and can use object behind verb, it has clearly the feature of verb. '拿' means hold somethings in person's hand or another ways, or move things with person's hand or another ways, it can use dynamic postposition ‘了, 着, 过’ behind verb, and can use object behind verb, too, they aren't preposition. the adjunct of serial-verb structure was added to maximal projection, it can't be added to argument NP or CP. verb phrase VP hasn't the feature of argument, adjunct can be added to VP. adjunct was projected in VP head according to Adjunct Projection Principle. adjunct is generated in surface structure, it don't need to move position, it merges on this right spot. we don't check features because it has the feature that was projected in maximal projection. chinese adjunct it is merged into the left in tree diagram, and it is consisted of one structure, so we can't extract any element among them. the structure that are consist of '用', '拿' show the meaning of method and tool, it applies to generation grammar adjunct that mean method. when we change it to english, VP1 is preposition phrase, it is merged into the right in tree diagram, it means voluntary quality as a adjunct. the structure that are consist of '用', '拿' can't be used of adjunct, it originally has the feature of verb. we project in tree diagram, VP1 has the feature of verb, VP1 and VP2 is equal in their relations, V1 can't c-command V2, they don't have the relations of c-command each other. c-command is very important in the adjunct generation of serial-verb structure. according to the related generation grammar theory and adjunct theory, we progressing the syntax project in the adjunct of serial-verb structure, we can project like this paper <picture 8> and <picture 10>. VP1 is verb phrase, the meaning of VP1 isn't same with generation grammar adjunct's meaning each other, and VP1 is located in front of VP2, it is merged into the left in tree diagram. this is the sole parameter phenomenon of chinese, we have to modify definition and category of generation grammar adjunct.

‘VP+PP’ 구문 연구

중국어문학연구회 2011 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.71

기어의 缺陷診斷에 關한 硏究

이재응,유근희,한재영,장흥석 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1997 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

본 논문에서는 기어의 결함을 진단하는데 있어 다양한 신호처리방법에 의한 결함추적방법에 대해 연구하였으며 이를 실험 결과와 비교함으로서 그 방법들의 타당성을 검증하였다. 시간영역에서는 Time Synchronous Averaging을 이용한 방법, Kurtosis를 이용한 방법, Demodulation을 이용한 방법을 사용하였으며 주파수영역에서는 스펙트럼에 의한 결함진단방법, 켑스트럼을 이용한 결함진당방법, 그리고 시간-주파수영역에서는 Moving Window 에 기초한 STFT(Short Time Fourier Transformation)에 의한 방법, Wavelet Transform에 의한 방법 등을 사용하였다. 각각의 방법마다 결함을 추적하는데 있어 정도의 차이를 보여왔지만 대부분이 결함을 진단할 수 있는 방법임이 증명되었다. 각각의 방법들은 장단점과 한계를 가지고 있으므로 이를 비교하였으며 이 결과를 토대로 측정대상과 측정목적에 따라 각각의 진단방법을 선택할 수 있게 하였다. 기어의 결함을 추적하는데 있어 전달오차가 존재하거나 복잡한 구조물에서는 이러한 진단방법들을 다중적으로 사용함으로서 각각의 장점을 살리며 단점을 보완하는 최적의 진단방법을 구축할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. In this thesis, the problems of the fault detection of gears are considered, and the several methods are applied to evaluate the performance of detecting the incipient gear damage with real experimental data. A typical gear fault(wear) is intentionally introduced on a gear and the signals are compared with those obtained from the unfault reference gear. The acceleration and the noise signal are measured, and analyzed by time synchronous averaging, demodulation, kurtosis in the time domain, frequency analysis, cepstrum analysis, the short-time moving window, and wavelet transform method in the time-frequency domain. The results show that each method have their own advantages/disadvantages, and therefore it is recommended to use several methods in the field applications.

형식동사의 부가어 연구

張興錫(Zhang, Heung-seok) 중국어문학연구회 2021 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.127

Dummy verbs is used as predicate like general verb, they are weakened the original meaning of movement or action. they didn’t display substantive meaning, they formed a phrase with object that displayed movement. their name is very various, the object property of them is different from the property of general object. it is not clear about category, feature, and function, so many problems still are in constant discussion. we need to study about it, the adjunct of dummy verbs has not yet been studied. this paper according to the generation grammar’s theory and adjunct condition, we considered classification, feature and generative processes in the adjunct of dummy verbs, we came to the following conclusions. the adjunct of dummy verbs are made up of adverbs, auxiliary verb and prepositional phrase. they are used of adverbial in front of dummy verbs. several adjuncts can also be used together. and dummy verbs isn’t a overt light verb or covert light verb. the meaning of verb is weakened by itself, they have properties and functions of verb, they can use dynamic postposition behind dummy verbs, and they can use negative adverb, auxiliary verb in front of dummy verbs, and the object of them stand for movement, they have a property of noun. the adjunct of dummy verbs was added to maximal projection, it can’t be added to argument NP or CP. light verb phrase vP hasn’t the feature of argument, adjunct can be added to vP. adjunct was projected in vP head according to Adjunct Projection Principle. adjunct is generated in surface structure, it doesn’t need to move position, it merges on this right spot. we don’t check features because it has the feature that was projected in maximal projection. the adjunct of dummy verbs it is merged into the left in tree diagram, and it is consisted of one structure, so we can’t extract any element among them. according to the related generation grammar theory and adjunct theory, we progress the syntax project in the adjunct of dummy verbs structure, we can project like this paper 〈picture 5〉 and 〈picture 7〉. the adjunct of dummy verbs is located in front of them, it is merged into the left in tree diagram. several adjuncts can also be projected together, we can’t extract any element among them, this is the sole parameter phenomenon of chinese, we have to modify category and properties of generation grammar adjunct.

현대 중국어의 주술술어문 연구

張興錫(Jang, Heung-seok) 중국어문학연구회 2021 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.126

Clausal predicate is a sentence predicated by a subject-predicate phrase, it is a very special sentence structure in chinese language. subject-predicate structure serves as predicate, there are two Noun Phrases in front of predicate VP. its structure is very complicated, thematic roles is extremely varied. this paper based on existing research, according to the generation grammar"s theory, we tried to study principles and parameters of Clausal predicate in detail, we came to the following conclusions. The subject of Clausal predicate NP1 largely devide into agent and patient. if it isn"t a agent and patient, NP1 and NP2 represent the whole and the part, NP2 are subordinate to NP1. NP1 have the various characteristics of a field, for example, age, character, attitude, length, height, weight and so on. besides this type of subject, NP1 also represent a place. Clausal predicate have two Noun Phrase, they lie ahead predicate, if the predicate is a verb, and then it has a object behind itself. when a verb is used in predicate, most of object move forward in the sentence. when we classify Noun Phrase into subject and topic, it is divided into subject and predicate in the deep structure and is divided into topic and comment in the surface structure. the topic is on the far left, it is governed by subject of a sentence. NP1 is a patient, it is originally located behind predicate, it move into TopP"s specifier position, it leaves a trace in its original place. when NP1 is a agent, it is a topic, it is located forward NP2. the adverb ‘也’ or ‘都’ are frequently used in front of predicate, it was used for Adjunct, it was added to maximal projection, Adjunct was projected in TP. it is generated in surface structure, it doesn"t need to move position, it is merged into the left in tree diagram. a predicate verb mean action, it is a light verb, it constrains the meaning of predicate verb materialize, we can project this like paper <picture2>. Topic can be used by subject itself, it can be also generated by noun phrase movement, we examined the generation of adverb ‘也’ or ‘都’, this facts are the sole phenomenon of chinese, it has the parameter of language.