중고생의 인구학적 특성, 건강, 인터넷 중독과 약물사용과의 관계

이현숙,김광선,김광회,남길우,민경원,이삼순,정찬희,이홍직,박지현,Lee, Hyun-Sook,Kim, Kwang-Sun,Kim, Kwang-Hoi,Nam, Gil-Woo,Min, Kyeong-Won,Lee, Sam-Soon,Jeong, Chan-Hee,Lee, Hong-Jik,Park, Ji-Hyun 한국전자통신학회 2013 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.6

본 연구는 제5차 청소년건강행태 온라인조사 자료를 통해 중고생의 인구학적 특성, 건강, 인터넷 중독 요인에 따른 약물사용의 차이를 비교하고자, 첫째, 각 변인에 대한 빈도분석, 백분율, 평균 등의 기술 통계분석을 진행하였으며, 둘째, 각 독립변인에 따른 약물사용 여부의 차이를 고찰하고자 카이자승 검증을 진행하였다. 연구결과를 정리하면, 인구학적 특성 요인에 있어서는 남학생이 여학생보다, 부모와 동거하지 않는 경우에, 가계의 경제수준이 높은 경우에, 중학생의 경우에, 성적이 낮은 경우에, 건강 요인에서는 주관적으로 건강하지 못하다고 느끼는 경우에, 주관적으로 행복하지 못하다고 느끼는 경우에, 스트레스정도가 낮은 경우에, 우울을 경험한 경우에, 그리고 인터넷 중독 요인에 있어서는 인터넷 중독인 경우에 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 통계학적으로 유의한 수준에서 높은 약물사용 빈도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 중고생의 약물 사용에 대한 예방과 대책에 대해 논의를 진행하였다. This study aimed to examine the relationships between demographic characteristics, health, and internet addiction factors and drug uses among the Korean high school students. The 2009 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior On-line Survey data was used for this study. It selected 73,238 cases of junior and senior high school students from the raw dataset and conducted a secondary data analysis. Frequency analysis and chi-square test were conducted for this study. Gender, living with parents, economic status, school level, academic record, subjective health status, subjective well-being, level of stress, level of depression and internet addiction were significantly associated with their drug uses. Findings may be used for developing strategies to cope with drug uses among the Korean high school students.

High-Pressure Synthesis of $SmFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$(x=0.2) Single Crystals

이현숙,박재현,이재엽,김주영,조병기,정창욱,이후종,Lee, Hyun-Sook,Park, Jae-Hyun,Lee, Jae-Yeap,Kim, Ju-Young,Cho, B.K.,Jung, Chang-Uk,Lee, Hu-Jong The Korean Superconductivity Society 2009 Progress in superconductivity Vol.10 No.2

Fluorine-doped $SmFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$ single crystals with the nominal value of x=0.2 were grown at $1350-1450^{\circ}C$ under the pressure of 3.3 GPa by using the self-flux method. Plate-shaped single crystals in the range of a few-150 ${\mu}m$ in their lateral size were obtained. The detailed crystal structure was analyzed by using the x-ray diffractometry. Superconducting transition temperature, determined by the resistive transition, of a single crystal was about 49 K with a narrow resistive transition width of ${\sim}1$ K. A relatively sharp transition, a low residual resistivity, and a large residual resistivity ratio compared with those reported for $REFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$(RE=Sm, Nd) single crystals indicate the high quality of our single crystals.

Nonlinearity in the Somatosensory Cortex Response to Vibrotactile Stimulator in fMRI

이현숙,Lee, Hyun-Sook Korean Society of Medical Physics 2006 의학물리 Vol.17 No.3

기능성 자기공명영상을 이용하여 진동자극에 대한 감각피질의 비선형성에 대하여 연구하였다. 진동자극은 25 Hz의 주파수로 5개의 각기 다른 진동 자극 기간, 2초, 4초, 8초, 12초 그리고 16초와 함께 20초의 무자극 주기와 pseudo-random순서로 구성되었다. 감각피질에 대한 자극 기간의 변화에 따른 선형성을 이해하기 위하여 두 다른 방법(시스템의 선형성 조사법과 gamma-variate 함수를 적용하여 impulse response함수를 구하는 방법)을 사용하여 혈류반응 함수를 분석하였는데, 그 결과는 거의 비슷하였다. 감각피질에서의 BOLD 반응은 8초보다 작은 자극 기간 동안에는 비선형이고 8초 이상일 때는 선형성을 보였다. 자극 기간의 함수로 Impulse response 함수의 진폭, 면적, 피크까지의 시간, FWHM을 계산하였고 진폭과 면적의 크기는 자극 기간이 증가할 때 감소함을 보여줌으로써 자극 기간 8초에서 BOLD 반응이 비선형성에서 선형성으로 변함을 뒷받침해 주었다. The nonlinearity of hemodynamic response in the somatosensory cortex was investigated with vibrotactile stimulation. The stimuli consisted of a train of 25 Hz, each tasting five different duration periods, 2 s, 4 s, 8 s 12 s, or 16 s with 20 sec periods of no vibration in a pseudo-random order. In order to understand the linearity on the change of stimulus duration for somatosensory cortex, two different tests- checking the linearity of system and finding the impulse response function from gamma-variate function were applied to analyze the hemodynamic response functions. They have produced nearly same results. The BOLD response in the somatosensory cortex Is nonlinear for stimuli of less than 8 seconds, but nearly linear for stimuli greater than 8 seconds. The amplitude, area, TTP, and FWHM as functions of the stimulus duration were calculated and showed a significant downward trend with Increasing stimulus duration for the amplitude and the area. It supports the ranges of nonlinearity are less than 8 seconds.

Modification of Tomato Aspermy Virus Symptom by Cucumber Mosaic Virus- Associated Satellite RNA

이현숙,Lee Hyun Sook The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 1986 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.2 No.3

Tomato aspermy virus(TAV-B)는 두 개의 다른 CMV균주 D 및 K에서 분리한 satellite RNA의 증식 및 encapsidation에 대하여 helper virus의 역할을 하였다. 이 두 satellite RNA는 역시 ??? system에서 보이는 바와 같이 TAV가 감염된 담배에서 TAV 병징을 크게 감소시켰으며, 이는 감염된 식물내의 Virus 함량의 감소와 관계가 있었다. 또한 CMV가 감염된 토마토에서 lethal necrosis를 유발시킴을 볼 수 있었다. A tomato Aspermy Virus (TAV-B) served as a helper virus for multiplication and encapsidation of satellite RNAs which were isolated from two different CMV isolates, D and K. These two satellite RNAs induced renarkable attenuation of TAV symptoms in infected tobacco, which was correlated with a reduction of virus content in the plant. The CMV satellite RNAs also caused lethal necrosis in TAV-infected tomato as in the case of CMV system.

Flip Chip Non-wet 개선 및 신뢰성 향상을 위한 Low Residue Flux 구현 방안 연구

이현숙,김민석,김태훈,문기일,Lee, Hyunsuk,Kim, Minseok,Kim, Taehoon,Moon, Kiill 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2021 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Flip chip 제품의 난이도 증가에 따라 solder wetting 및 신뢰성 관점에서 강점을 갖는 flux 소재에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 지용성 flux의 경우 별도의 세정 공정이 없기 때문에 공정 효율화 측면에서 유리하나, 리플로우 공정이후 반응을 마친 잔여물이 잔존하게 되는 경우 Cu migration 및 delamination을 발생시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 저잔사 flux 구현을 위해 신규 resin에 적합한 solvent 및 activator를 변경 하였으며, package 환경에서 non-wet 및 신뢰성 개선 유무를 확인하였다. 저장 안정성 평가를 통해 신규 소재에 대한 안정성을 확보하였으며, boiling point가 상이한 solvent와 activator 2종 적용 및 activator 함량 증대를 통해 non-wet 미 발생 flux 소재를 확보하였다. 해당 소재에 대한 신뢰성 검증 이후 평면 분석 결과 flux residue 기인성 delamination 현상은 발견되지 않았으며, 이를 통해 저잔사 flux에 대한 최종 조성을 확보하였다. As the difficulty of flip chip products increases, there is a growing interest in the material of flux, which is safe from the solder wetting and reliability. In the case of no clean flux, there is merit in terms of process efficiency because there is no cleaning process. But Cu migration and delamination can be occurred if the residue remains after the reflow process. In this study, major element materials, solvent and activator, are changed and confirmed effect of non-wet and reliability in the package environment. Stability of materials were secured through storage stability evaluation, and we found out non-wet zero materials through the application of two types of solvent and activator with different boiling point and the increase of activator content. After reliability test, no delamination was found in the plane analysis, which secured the final composition of low residue flux.

고강도 방탄소재를 위한 Borosilicate 유리의 결정화

이현숙,심규인,최세영,Lee, Hyun-Suk,Shim, Gyu-In,Choi, Se-Young 한국군사과학기술학회 2013 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Borosilicate glass(GVB-Solutions in glass, 2mm, Germany) was prepared in the composition of $80.4SiO_2-4.2Na_2O-2.4Al_2O_3-13.0B_2O_3$. The 2-step crystallization was performed around $584^{\circ}C$ of glass transition temperature ($T_g$), and $774^{\circ}C$ of crystallization temperature($T_c$). The maximum nucleation rate was $8.8{\time}10^9/mm^3{\cdot}hr$ at $600^{\circ}C$ and the maximum crystal growth rate was 3.5nm/min at $750^{\circ}C$. The maximum mechanical properties were observed at 22.8% of volume fraction, the strength, hardness and fracture toughness was 555MPa, $752kg/mm^2$, $1.082MPa{\cdot}mm^{1/2}$. The crystal size of 177nm which has volume fraction of 22.8% showed maximum strength of 562MPa, it is about 157% higher than parent borosilicate glass. From these results, the crystallized borosilicate glass can be applied weight lighting of bullet proof materials.

대규모 GM 포장에서 내건성 GM 벼의 농업적 특성 비교

이현숙,김경민,Lee, Hyun-Suk,Kim, Kyung-Min 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2013 慶北大農學誌 Vol.31 No.2

환경변화 중요성과 유전적 안전성은 최근에 증가추세의 형질전환 작물에 인식되고 있다. 본 실험은 건조저항성 형질전환체 작물의 유전적인 안전성과 환경변이에 따른 농업적인 특성을 분석하였다. 내건성 형질전환체인 CaMsrB2-8, 23과 모품종인 '일미' 및 일반품종을 대조구로 GM필드에서 작물학적 생육특성을 조사하였다. 농업적인 생육 특성에서 CaMsrB2-8, 23 계통은 모품종인 '일미'와 년차간, 지역별 평균으로 표현형은 유사하였다. 수량에서 년도별, 지역별 차이는 있지만 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 현미의 미립특성에서 CaMsrB2-8, 23은 모품종인 '일미'와 차이를 보이지 않았다. 현미의 화학적 성분 분석에서 CaMsrB2-2 계통의 전분과 단백질함량은 모품종인 '일미'보다 일반품종인 '일품' 화학적 성분함량이 유사하였다. 본 실험결과에서 내건성 형질전환체인 CaMsrB2-8, 23는 GM 작물의 후대에서도 유전적인 안전성과 함께 수행될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The significance of environment change and genetic safety has been recently recognized by many genetically modified (GM) plants. This study was to evaluate the safety of drought-tolerant rice and to identify the environment variance. The GM rice of drought-tolerant rice and four check cultivars were analyzed the data on agronomic characters and principal component in large-GM crop field. There was no significant difference in agronomic characters between the drought-tolerant rice and donor plant, 'Ilmi'. Grain yield showed the standard deviation of the difference, did not significant statistically. Related to grain characters, grain appearance were similar to the drought-tolerant rice and donor plant, 'Ilmi'. In Chemical characters, brown rice of the drought-tolerant rice and a donor plant, 'Ilmi' did difference in starch and protein, however, was similar as 'Ilpum'. These results indicated that drought-tolerant rice may perform to detect genetic safety in GM plants progeny.

휴리스틱에 의하여 개선된 반딧불이 알고리즘의 설계와 분석

이현숙,이정우,오경환,Rhee, Hyun-Sook,Lee, Jung-Woo,Oh, Kyung-Whan 한국정보처리학회 2011 정보처리학회논문지B Vol.18 No.1

본 논문에서는 최근 Xin-She Yang에 의해 소개된 반딧불이 알고리즘(FA)에 휴리스틱을 적용하여 개선하는 방안을 제안한다. 또한 이를 위하여 기존의 FA를 이와 유사한 문제영역의 알고리즘인 Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)와 정확도 측면, 수렴 시간 측면, 각 입자의 움직임 측면에서 비교 분석한다. 비교 실험 결과, FA의 정확도는 PSO보다 나쁘지 않았지만, 수렴 속도는 느린 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문은 이에 대한 직관적인 원인을 고찰하고, 이를 극복하기 위해, 기존의 FA에 부분 돌연변이 휴리스틱을 적용하여 개선된 FA(Improved FA)를 제안한다. 벤치마크 함수들을 최적화 하는 비교 실험 결과, 개선된 FA가 PSO와 기존의 FA보다 정확도와 수렴속도 측면에서 우수함을 보이고자 한다. In this paper, we propose a method to improve the Firefly Algorithm(FA) introduced by Xin-She Yang, recently. We design and analyze the improved firefly algorithm based on the heuristic. We compare the FA with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which the problem domain is similar with the FA in terms of accuracy, algorithm convergence time, the motion of each particle. The compare experiments show that the accuracy of FA is not worse than PSO's, but the convergence time of FA is slower than PSO's. In this paper, we consider intuitive reasons of slow convergence time problem of FA, and propose the improved version of FA using a partial mutation heuristic based on the consideration. The experiments using benchmark functions show the accuracy and convergence time of the improved FA are better than them of PSO and original FA.

대구시내 고등학생의 약물남용에 관한 연구

이현숙,김정남,오윤정,Lee, Hyun-Sook,Kim, Chung-Nam,Oh, Yun-Jung 한국지역사회간호학회 1997 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate drug abuse and to find related factors among high school students. The subjects for this study were 973 students from 10 high schools in Taegu city. The data were collected from September 30, 1996 to October 30, 1996. The questionnaire developed by Kim Soyoaja (1991) surveyed adolescent drug use and questions on smoking and drinking were readjusted and added by the researcher based on review. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, $X^2-test$, t -test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient with the SPSS /PC+. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The proportion of students who drank alcohol 1-2 times or more per year was 52.4% and smoked Cigarette 1 -2 times or more per year was 20.8%. The 7 different drugs(Analgetics 5.7%. sleeping pills and sedatives 4.2%, antihistamines 1.1%. stimulants 7.7%, hallucinogens 0.8%, inhalants 3.3%, and narcotics 0.6%) were also evaluated. 2. There was a significant relationship between drinking and type of school($X^2$=62.97, p<.0l), grades($X^2$=33.86, P<.001), school life($X^2$= 19.04, p<.001), and delinquent friends($X^2$= 64.72, P<.001). 3. There was a significant relationship between smoking and type of school($X^2$=153.65, p<.001), grades ($X^2$=67.53, p<.001), their respect for teachers ($X^2$=33.80, p<.001) school life($X^2$ =50.87, p<.001), and delinquent friends($X^2$ =85.28, p<.001). 4. There was a significant relationship between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and type of school ($X^2$=14.65, p<.01), grades($X^2$=12.89, p<.01), their respect for teachers ($X^2$=8.46, p<.05), and delinquent friends($X^2$=22.42, p<.001). 5. There was a significant relationship between a parent's habitual drug abuse and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse($X^2$=7.78, p<.01), as well as a parent's attitude toward drugs and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse($X^2$=6.33, p<.05). 6. There was a significant difference between drinking(t=-12.53, p<.001), smoking(t=-15.98, p<.001), the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(t=-5.77, p<.001), and the respondant's delinquent experience. 7. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4166, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2200, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1428, p<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.5977, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2849, p<. 001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1711, p<.05) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4219, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2611, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1764, p<.001) among female students. 8. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.0709, p<.05) drinkry and parent -child relationships (r=.1321, p<.01), drinking and mother's rearing attitude(r=.0704, P<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships(r=.0813, P<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.14S7, p<.01), drinkng and parent-child relationships(r=.2147, p<.001), smoking and family stability(r=.1544, p<.01), smoking and parent. -child relationships (r=. 2018, P<.01) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.1l21, p<.05), drinking and mother's rearing attitude (r=.0988, P<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships (r=. 0940, P<.05) among female students. 9. There was a significant difference between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and family stability (t=2.23, p<.05), parent-child relationships (t=4. 34, p<.001), satisfaction with family (t=4.02, p<.001), father's rearing attitude(t=3.04, p<.01), mother's rearing attitude(t=2.87, p<.01). The distribution channel of drugs incl

초고온성 극한미생물 omics 연구 및 유용소재 개발

이현숙,강성균,이정현,Lee, Hyeon-Suk,Gang, Seong-Gyun,Lee, Jeong-Hyeon 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2008 생물산업 Vol.21 No.2