유근피(楡根皮) 약침의 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성 억제능이 생쥐의 Type II Collagen 유발 관절염에 미치는 영향

이아람,변혁,박인식,정찬영,강민주,김은정,이승덕,김갑성,Lee, A-Ram,Byun, Hyuk,Park, In-Shik,Jung, Chan-Yung,Kang, Min-Joo,Kim, Eun-Jung,Lee, Seung-Deok,Kim, Kap-Sung 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture(UA) to inhibit nuclear $factor(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods : Using an in vitro test, the synoviocytes picked out from the experimental CIA mice were subcultured. The synoviocyte cells were treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) for 1 hour prior to the addition of indicated concentrations($0.4\;-\;1.0mg/m{\ell}$) of UA, and the cells were further incubated for 24 hours. The in vivo test, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 production and apoptosis was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results : The PMA-induced $I{\kappa}B$ kinase(IKK), iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression were dose-dependently decreased in UA treated synoviocytes. Using the in vivo test, the number of eosinophils in mice treated with UA noticeably decreased in the the CIA group(P<0.05 using student t test). In mice treated with UA, there was less cartilage erosion. less bone destruction, mild synovial hyperplasia, mild fibrosis, and mild angiogenesis with less MIP-2 production. By immunohistochemical staining, suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS production, inhibition of COX-2 production, inhibition of VCAM-1 production and inducing apoptosis were observed. Conclusions : These results suggest that UA might be applicable to the therapy of RA to suppress $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

유근피(楡根皮) 약침의 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성 억제능이 생쥐의 Type II Collagen 유발 관절염에 미치는 영향

이아람,변혁,박인식,정찬영,강민주,김은정,이승덕,김갑성,Lee, A-Ram,Byun, Hyuk,Park, In-Shik,Jung, Chan-Yung,Kang, Min-Joo,Kim, Eun-Jung,Lee, Seung-Deok,Kim, Kap-Sung 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture(UA) to inhibit nuclear $factor(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods : Using an in vitro test, the synoviocytes picked out from the experimental CIA mice were subcultured. The synoviocyte cells were treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) for 1 hour prior to the addition of indicated concentrations($0.4\;-\;1.0mg/m{\ell}$) of UA, and the cells were further incubated for 24 hours. The in vivo test, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 production and apoptosis was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results : The PMA-induced $I{\kappa}B$ kinase(IKK), iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression were dose-dependently decreased in UA treated synoviocytes. Using the in vivo test, the number of eosinophils in mice treated with UA noticeably decreased in the the CIA group(P<0.05 using student t test). In mice treated with UA, there was less cartilage erosion. less bone destruction, mild synovial hyperplasia, mild fibrosis, and mild angiogenesis with less MIP-2 production. By immunohistochemical staining, suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS production, inhibition of COX-2 production, inhibition of VCAM-1 production and inducing apoptosis were observed. Conclusions : These results suggest that UA might be applicable to the therapy of RA to suppress $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

고출력 5 Watt LED기반 탐조등의 방열설계

이아람,허인성,이세일,유영문,김종수,Lee, A Ram,Her, In Sung,Lee, Se-Il,Yu, Young Moon,Kim, Jong Su 한국전기전자재료학회 2014 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.27 No.9

The heat dissipation conditions of high-power 5 watt LEDs-based searchlight modules were optimized with varying LED bar'shape, materials, and ambient temperature. The LED junction temperature was estimated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. The optimal heat dissipation conditions were found as follows; LED bar' shape: L=80 mm, W=4 mm, t=10 mm, copper material, LED junction temperature of $116.6^{\circ}C$, ambient temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, total mass of 184 g, and shadowing area of $320mm^2$. The difference between the junction temperatures of our fabricated and simulated LEDs-based searchlight modules is about $3^{\circ}C$, which confirms the validity of our thermal simulation results.

양극성 장애 환자에서 비정형 항정신병약물 치료 후에 나타나는 지연성 운동장애와 지연성 근긴장이상의 유병률 및 위험요인

이아람,김주현,백지현,김지선,최미지,윤세창,하규섭,홍경수,Lee, Ahram,Kim, Joo Hyun,Baek, Ji Hyun,Kim, Ji Sun,Choi, Mi Ji,Yoon, Se Chang,Ha, Kyooseob,Hong, Kyung Sue 대한생물정신의학회 2015 생물정신의학 Vol.22 No.4

Objectives Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are frequently used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. However, there is still no consensus on their risk of tardive movement syndromes especially for first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)-naive patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of SGAs-related tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia in patients with bipolar disorder, in a naturalistic out-patient clinical setting. Methods The authors assessed 78 non-elderly patients with bipolar (n = 71) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 7) who received SGAs with a combined use of mood stabilizers for more than three months without previous exposure to FGAs. Multiple direct assessments were performed and hospital records longer than one recent year describing any observed tardive movement symptoms were also reviewed. Results The prevalence rates of tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia were 7.7% and 6.4%, respectively. These patients were being treated with ziprasidone, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or paliperidone at the time of the onset of the movement symptoms. Tardive dyskinesia was mostly observed in the orolingual area, and tardive dystonia was most frequently detected in oromandibular area. A past history of acute dystonia was significantly associated with presence of both tardive movement syndromes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SGAs-related tardive movement syndromes occur in a substantial portion of bipolar disorder patients. Acute dystonia, a reported risk factor of tardive movement syndromes in the era of FGAs is confirmed as a risk factor of both tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia that were induced-by SGAs.

공군 조종사의 소명의식과 외상 후 성장의 관계 - 인지적 정서조절의 매개효과와 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과 -

이아람,손영우,설정훈,Lee, A Ram,Sohn, Young Woo,Seol, Jeong Hoon 한국항공운항학회 2021 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.29 No.3

This study examined the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between calling and posttraumatic growth (PTG) and the moderating role of transformational leadership among Air Force pilots. A total of 215 ROK Air Force pilots participated in this study twice with an interval of 4 weeks. The results of this study were as follows. First, calling, transformational leadership, adaptive emotion regulation, and PTG showed statistically significant correlations. Second, a mediating model showed that the relationship between calling and PTG was mediated by adaptive emotion regulation. Third, the moderation effect of transformational leadership in the relationship calling on adaptive emotion regulation was found. Finally, transformational leadership also moderated the mediating effect of calling on PTG through adaptive emotion regulation was identified. Implications, limitations, and future research suggestions were discussed.

Bell's Palsy 환자의 MMPI 특성에 관한 고찰

이아람,김헌일,박상동,황종순,성수민,조현석,김경호,김갑성,김근우,Lee, A-ram,Kim, Hun-il,Park, Sang-dong,Hwang, Jong-soon,Sung, Su-min,Cho, Hyun-seok,Kim, Kyung-ho,Kim, Gab-sung,Kim, Geun-woo 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics of MMPI in Bell's palsy patients. Methods: 40(21 male, 19 female) patients with Bell's palsy who visited Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Bundang Oriental Medicine Hospital, Dongguk University completed a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-383. The mean age was 43 years(range 18-72). MMPI scores were analyzed about validity scales, neurosis clinical scales, other clinical scales and by Two code method. Patients's MMPI scores were compared with Korean standard of MMPI. Results: The validity scales were within normal range. The neurosis clinical scales were within normal range. The other clinical scales were within normal range. The study of Two code method showed that D scale and Hy scale was higher than the other clinical scales. Bell's palsy patients's D scale and Hy scale means were higher than Korean standard of MMPI.

지역발전특별회계의 문제점 및 개선방향

고광용(Ko KwangYong),이아람(Lee ARam) 한국정치정보학회 2018 정치정보연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 지역발전특별회계의 변화과정 및 문제점을 분석하고 개선방향을 제시하는 데 목적을 두었다. 지역발전특별회계는 2005년 균형발전특별회계(노무현정부)로 시작해, 2010년 광역지역발전특별회계(이명박정부), 2014년부터 현재의 지역발전특별회계로 변모되어왔다. 각 정부별 지역발전 비전 및 접근에 따른 지역발전특별회계의 변화내용 및 특징을 분석하였다. 지역발전특별회계의 문제점으로 균형발전 본래 취지 상실(이명박 · 박근혜 정부 기간 수도권 · 대구/경북 예산대폭 증액, 충청 · 호남 예산유지/감소), 제한적인 재원규모 및 국고보조사업 성격 잔존, 지역발전 추진역량 부재, 재정여건 미감안 동일보조율 및 부지매입비 부담 등이 도출되었다. 향후 지역발전특별회계 개선방향으로 첫째, 균형발전 가치 회복 및 배분과정 투명성 제고, 둘째, 재원규모 점진적 확대 및 진정한 포괄보조금화, 셋째, 재정여건 감안 차등보조율 설정 및 부지매입비 일부지원 등을 제안하였다. This study aims to figure out changing process of special grant for regional development and its innate problems, and provides improvement direction. Special grant for regional development was firstly called “account for balanced national development” in 2005(Roh’s administration), and changed its name “special grant for metropolitan regional development” in 2010(Lee’s administration) and finally in 2014 it has its current name. This study examines changes and characteristics of special grant for regional development by administrations’ development goal and approaches. Main problems of special grant for regional development are as follow: discrimination in budgeting by province(Under the Lee’s and Park’s administration, the government expenditures have increased in Seoul, Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, but decreased in Chungcheong-do Province and Honam area), finance ceiling, heavy reliance on government subsidies, lack of consideration in financial situation, loss of development thrust, same subsidy ration and financial burdensome for site purchasing. Its improvement direction must aim to regain the value of balanced regional development and transparency in distribution of fund. Secondly, it must include increasing budget scale and block grants. Finally, it must offer differential subsidy ratio by the financial conditions of local bodies and financial support for site purchasing.

자살로 인한 사망자 감소를 위한 정책 대안 연구: 자살예방 5개년 종합대책을 중심으로

이아람(A Ram Lee) 한국정책분석평가학회 2021 政策分析評價學會報 Vol.31 No.2

재정적으로 어려움에 처한 기업의 현금성 자산을 이용한 R&D 자금 조달에 대한 실증 분석

이아람 ( A Ram Lee ),조성표 ( Seong Pyo Cho ),서란주 ( Ran Ju Seo ) 기술경영경제학회 2011 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.19 No.2

R&D 지출은 지속적이어야 하며, 일시적으로 감소할 경우 이후 상당한 조정비용을 부담하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 기업이 재정적으로 어려움에 처한 경우 R&D 조정비용을 회피하기 위해서 기업이 보유한 현금성 자산을 이용하여 R&D 자금을 조달하는지를 분석하였다. 기업의 재정상태를 알아보기 위해 선행연구에서 이용한 기업 연수 뿐 아니라 기업 규모, Altman Z-score 및 K-Score에 따라 기업의 재정상태를 구분하였고, Brown and Petersen(2010)의 동적 R&D모형을 이용하여 실증 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 재정적으로 어려움에 처한 기업을 분석한 모든 결과에서 R&D지출과 기업이 보유한 현금성 자산과 유의한 음(-)의 관계가 도출되었다. 즉, 중소기업, 부도확률이 중간이상인 기업, 기업 연수가 짧은 기업일수록 그렇지 않은 기업에 비해 지속적인 R&D지출을 위해 기업이 보유한 현금성 자산을 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. Altman의 Z-Score와 K-Score를 사용하여 분류한 결과는 새로운 시사점을 제공하고 있었는데, 부도확률이 매우 높은 기업들은 R&D 지출을 유지하고 있지 못하지만, 다만 판단유보 상태에 있는 중간 기업들이 재정적인 어려움에 처했을 때에도 막대한 R&D 조정비용을 예방하기 위하여 현금성 자산으로 재원을 조달하고 있었다. 이러한 결과는 본 논문에서 설정한 가설과 일치되는 것으로 재정적으로 어려움에 처한 기업은 현금성 자산을 이용해 R&D 자금을 조달하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. This study examine the firms fund R&D expenditures through cash and cash equivalents under financial distress in order to avoid huge adjustment costs that can be brought after R&D expenditures cut-down. Other study divided the firms` financial condition by only firms` year. This study identifies the firms` financial condition not only by a firm`s year but also by firm size and Altman`s Z-Score and K-Score. The results show that there are statistically negative relationship between R&D expenditures and cash and cash equivalents when firms are under financial distress. The results are same regardless of criteria of classification of firms` financial condition, which is consistent to the hypothesis. Young and small firms and firms with moderate possibility of bankruptcy fund R&D expenditures through cash and cash equivalent compared to the other firms. We can find the new evidence when we classify the firm by Z-Score and K-Score of Altman. The firms with high possibility of bankruptcy can not fund for R&D activities from cash, but only the firms with moderate possibility of bankruptcy fund R&D expenditures through cash and cash equivalent in the condition of financial distress. The evidence suggests that firms fund R&D expenditures by cash and cash equivalent when they are under financial distress. Findings provide an implication on the management of R&D expenditures and liquidity in the firms.

중증 소화불량증 환자에 대해 체침요법과 자하거 약침요법의 치료 효과에 대한 후향적 비교 연구

이아람 ( Ah Ram Lee ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ) 경락경혈학회 2013 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.30 No.4

The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of general acupuncture therapy to Hominis placenta Pharmacopuncture therapy on pain and discomfort of severe dyspepsia in upper abdomen. Methods: We investigated 60 cases of patients with severe dyspepsia, who had been treated at Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine Dongeui University from May 2011 to September 2012. We divided patients into two groups: Group I was treated by general acupuncture (ACU, n=30) and Group II was treated by Hominis placenta Pharmacopuncture therapy (PHA, n=30). The symptoms and quality of life were measured with the Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K) at baseline and 2 weeks. The responsiveness of the NDI-K was evaluated by correlation with symptom scores. Results: In ACU group, the 13 symptom scores were significantly decreased after treatment(p<0.05). In PHA group, the 9 symptom scores were significantly decreased after treatment(p<0.05). In ACU group, the 3 Quality of life(QOL) scores were significantly increased after treatment(p<0.01). In PHA group, the 3 QOL scores were significantly increased after treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions: General acupuncture therapy and Hominis placenta Pharmacopuncture therapy improves the symptoms and the quality of life in patients with severe dyspepsia. But there were no significant differences statistically between the two groups.