이광수의 『무정』에 나타난 근대의 부정성에 대한 비판

이경재 ( Kyung Jae Lee ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2014 민족문학사연구 Vol.54 No.-

This writing questions the understanding of Moo Jeong pursuing the former choice of the binary oppositions between western / traditional culture, modern / pre-modern, English / Chinese philosophies, new / old generation, and new / Confucius ethics and seeks to provide a new interpretation of the text. For this purpose, the most basic analysis of the text was necessary beginning with the tracing of the meaning of the word ``Moo Jeong`` which is the title of the story. Furthermore, the true picture and meaning of ``Yoo Jeong`` suggested as the ideal of Moo Jeong by Gwang-Soo Lee will be explained. ``Moo Jeong`` appears 25 times in Gwang-Soo Lee`s Moo Jeong, and except for four times when they were not relevant in the main narrative, twice in the last sentence, and once when it referred to Dean Bae, 17 times when it was mentioned was related to Young-Chae. ``Moo Jeong`` was used to imply a hard life of Young-Chae. So far, ``Moo Jeong`` from the book Moo Jeong meant ``negative past`` and was understood in relation to the period before the opening of the civilization. However, ``Moo Jeong`` from the book Moo Jeong was directly related to the fact that money has extended its dominance on the society. When Hyung-Sik desperately wanted a thousand won to save Young-Chae saying ``the world where money can buy the human soul, let alone their body`` was the real reason behind ``Moo Jeong``. The places such as Seoul and Pyungyang that were supposedly busy accepting the new civilization and being enlightened were depicted as a place money is exercising its absolute influence over. In that regard, ``Moo Jeong`` is not so much related to the past as much as the time and space of the ``present`` with more influence of the money following the modernization. Therefore, the last part of Moo Jeong where it says ``the dark world will not remain dark forever and the negative world will not remain negative forever. we will make it bright, positive, joyful, rich, and strong.`` leaves a room for possibility to be interpreted as the criticism of the modern era rather than aspiration towards the modern era. The teacher of the new civilization in this story is undoubtedly Hyung-Sik Lee. He claims the spot of teacher for his pursuance of the modern era. The figure who creates ``Moo Jeong`` that is presented to be overcome at all cost is also Hyung-Sik Lee. All in all, Gwang-Soo Lee`s Moo Jeong introduces an important task of ``criticizing Hyung-Sik Lee``. Lastly, The positive world to come after the negative world in Gwang-Soo Lee`s Moo Jeong is ultimately time and space in the imaginary prior to the symbolic.

김사량의 「향수」에 나타난 세 가지 향수(鄕愁)

이경재 ( Gyung Jae Lee ) 한국문학연구학회 2016 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.59

이 논문은 김사량의 「향수」에 나타난 노스탤지어의 정치적 의미를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이 작품에서 향수는 특정한 장면에만 등장하는 것이 아니라 기본적인 주제의식과 밀접하게 관련된 이 작품의 중핵이라고 할 수 있다. 이 때의 향수는 ``지금-이곳``에 대한 당혹감에서 비롯된 정념이라는 것과 부재하는 빈자리를 채우는 이상화되고 낭만화 된 환상이라는 것을 기본 성격으로 한다. 옥상렬과 가야는 일종의 전도된 거울상들이라고 할 수 있다. 옥상렬이 ``사상``을 버리고 ``인간``을 취하려고 했지만 결국 두 가지 모두를 잃어버렸다면, 가야는 ``인간``을 버리고 ``사상``을 취하려고 했지만 결국에는 두 가지와 모두 거리가 멀어지고 만다. 그러나 그들이 의식적으로는 ``인간``과 ``사상``이라는 두 가지 가치 중에서 자신이 우선시하는 하나의 가치를 지키기 위해서 최선을 다한 인간들이라는 점도 놓쳐서는 안 된다. 여기서 주목해 보아야 할 것은 가야와 옥상렬 모두 노스탤지어를 느낀다는 점이며, 또한 향수야말로 북경에서 살아가는 이들에게 최소한의 양심을 유지하게 해주는 힘이 된다는 것이다. 본래 향수는 이상적인 과거에 존재했다고 상상되는 조화에 대한 그리움을 통하여 현재에 대한 비판과 부정의 의미를 함축하며, 동시에 미래에 대한 소망까지 보여주기 때문이다. 「향수」에 나타난 향수를 온전히 해명하기 위해서는 작품의 주인공이자 유일한 인물 초점자인 이현이 느끼는 향수도 해명되어야 한다. 처음 북경으로 향하던 이현에게는 ``조선의 과거 예술 유산``과 ``누나``가 노스탤지어의 대상이었다. 이 중에서도 보다 큰 중요성을 가지는 것은 ``누나``에 대한 노스탤지어였으며, 이를 통해 이현은 새로운 삶의 방향성을 찾고자 했던 것이다. 그러나 북경에서 만난 가야 누나와 옥상렬은 ``사상``과 ``인간``이라는 가치를 부여잡고 시대의 진창을 건너려 했던 것과는 달리, 당대의 시공 속에서는 ``사상``도 ``인간``도 더 이상 추구할 수 없음을 증명하는 존재로 전락해 있다. 이러한 상황에서 이현은 도자기로 상징되는 ``문화``라는 가치를 통해 민족적 정체성을 새롭게 구축하는 것은 물론이고 누나에게 받은 충격도 받아들일 수 있게 된다. 이를 통해 이현은 정체성의 위기에서 벗어나 "훌륭한 동아의 한사람, 세계의 한 사람"(192)으로 자신을 정립한다. ``인간``이나 ``사상``이 아닌 ``문화``라는 가치를 통해 일제말의 엄혹한 시대를 헤쳐 나가려 한 이현의 모습은, 여러 가지 상황을 종합해 볼 때 작가 김사량에게로 확장시켜 볼 수 있다. 「향수」에 나타난 향수의 정치적 의미는 비슷한 시기의 북경을 배경으로 하고 있으며, 작품의 주요 인물들 역시 향수와 관련된 반응을 보여주고 있는 정비석의 「이 분위기」와 비교해보았을 때 그 성격이 보다 분명해진다. 「이 분위기」에서 주인공이라고 할 수 있는 김지준은 향수를 철저히 거부하며, 이것은 김지준이 별다른 고민 없이 중일전쟁과 북경에 닥쳐온 신체제를 맹목적으로 지지하는 모습으로 연결된다. 이러한 지준의 모습은 중일전쟁 직후의 상황에서 나름의 가치를 지켜나가고자 몸부림치는 「향수」의 여러 인물들이 모두 향수에 빠져 있는 것과는 크게 대비되는 모습이라고 할 수 있다. This paper aims to review the political meaning of the nostalgia expressed in ``Nostalgia`` of Saryang Kim. Nostalgia in this work does not just appear in certain scenes but is the center of the work that is closely related to the basic theme. Nostalgia here has the basic nature as the sentiment that originated from the embarrassment about ``now-here`` and as the idealized and romanticized fantasy that fills vacancy. Sangryul Ok and Gaya can be called inverse reflections in mirror. Sangryul Ok tried to take ``human`` giving up ``ideology`` but lost both, while Gaya tried to take ``ideology`` abandoning ``human`` but lost both of them. However, we should notice that they tried their best to keep one of the values that they cherish between ``human`` and ``ideology``. What is noteworthy is that both Sangryul Ok and Gaya can feel nostalgia, which is the power to keep the least amount of conscientiousness for people living in Beijing. It is because nostalgia originally contains criticism and negativity about the present through the longing for harmony that is imagined to have existed in the idealistic past, and also shows desire for the future. In order to fully clarify the nostalgia expressed in ``Nostalgia``, the nostalgia of Hyun Lee, the main character and fixed focus of the work, should be expressed. For Hyun Lee, ``the past art heritage of Joseon`` and the ``older sister`` was the objects of nostalgia. Between the two, the more important was the nostalgia about his sister, through which he wanted to find the direction of new life. However, unlike sister Gaya and Sangryul Ok he met in Beijing, who held on to the value of ``ideology`` and ``human`` and tried to overcome the mess of the era, he denigrated to a being that proved ``ideology`` and ``human`` cannot be pursued in the time period. Under these circumstances, Hyun Lee newly establishes ethnic identity through the value, ``culture``, which is symbolized by pottery and can absorb the shock he received from his sister. Through this, Hyun Lee gets out of identity crisis and is reborn as a "great person in East Asia and in the world"(192). Hyun Lee`s effort to survive the strict and dark time of the late Japanese colonial era through the value of ``culture``, not ``ideology`` or ``culture``, can be applied to author, Saryang Kim, when considering various circumstances. The political meaning of nostalgia expressed in ``Nostalgia`` has Beijing in the similar period as its background, and the main characters of the work, when compared to ``This Atmosphere`` of Biseok Jeong, which shows a response related to nostalgia, show clearer meanings. The main character, Jijoon Kim in ``This Atmosphere`` thoroughly refuses nostalgia and this leads to his blind and thoughtless support for the Sino-Japanese War and the new system established in Beijing. This attitude of Jijoon Kim is in stark contrast to the characters in ``Nostalgia`` who feel nostalgia in their struggle to maintain their values.

신경독성 물질에 폭로되지 않은 제조업체 여성 근로자의 신경행동검사 수행능력범위

이경재,이세훈,김형아,이원철,장성실,박정일,정치경,Lee, Kyung-Jae,Lee, Se-Hoon,Kim, Hyoung-Ah,Lee, Won-Chul,Chang, Seong-Sil,Park, Chung-Yill,Chung, Chee-Kyung 대한예방의학회 1995 예방의학회지 Vol.28 No.4

With increased use of neurotoxic agents in manufacturing industries, hazardous effects of neurotoxic agents pose significant problems in protecting health of workers who work in these industries. A normal range of neurobehavioral performance is required to study hazardous effects of neurotoxic agents among workers. However, such reference for Korean population is not available yet. The objective of this study is to estimate a normal range of neurobehavioral test performance of female workers in Korea. Data for neurobehavioral test performance developed by the World Health Organization were obtained from 165 female workers. Study subjects, 140 production workers and 25 clerks, who voluntarily participated in this study were not occupationally exposed to neurotoxic agents. The mean age and the mean education years of them were 32 years and 10.9 years, respectively Santa Ana dexterity, pursuit aiming, digit symbol, simple reaction time, and Benton visual retention tests among the Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery(NCTB) were included in the evaluation. Subjects were interviewed by a trained interviewer for their detailed occupational history $Mean({\pm}SD)$ performance of the participants were: $45.7{\pm}7.1\;and\;41.9{\pm}6.4$ in the Santa Ana dexterity test of the preferred and non-preferred hands; $45.7{\pm}7.1\;and\;41.9{\pm}6.4$ in correct dot of the pursuit aiming test; $57.7{\pm}16.0$ in the digit symbol test; $274.8{\pm}44.6$ msec in the mean simple reaction time and $70.5{\pm}69.0$ msec in the mean standard deviation of it; and $7.8{\pm}1.7$ in the Benton visual retention test. Most neurobehavioral performance scores were correlated significantly with age and educational level. Educational level was found to be a significant independent variable which was associated with all test scores. Age was significantly associated with scores of pursuit aiming and digit symbol tests.

표면유도환자셋업(Surface-Guided Patient Setup, SGPS)을 활용한 Markerless환자의 영상유도방사선치료(Image Guided Radiation Therapy, IGRT)시 유용성 평가

이경재,이응만,이정수,김다연,고현준,최신철,Lee, Kyeong-jae,Lee, Eung-man,Lee, Jeong-su,Kim, Da-yeon,Ko, Hyeon-jun,Choi, Shin-cheol 대한방사선치료학회 2021 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.33 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of Surface-Guided Patient Setup by comparing the patient positioning accuracy when image-guided radiation therapy was used for Markerless patients(unmarked on the skin) using Surface-Guided Patient Setup and Marker patients(marked on the skin) using Laser-Based Patient Setup. Materials And Methods: The position error during IGRT was compared between a Markerless patient initially set up with SGPS using an optical surface scanning system using three cameras and a Marker patient initially set up with LBPS that aligns the laser with the marker drawn on the patient's skin. Both SGPS and LBPS were performed on 20 prostate cancer patients and 10 Stereotactic Radiation Surgery patients, respectively, and SGPS was performed on an additional 60 breast cancer patients. All were performed IGRT using CBCT or OBI. Position error of 6 degrees of freedom was obtained using Auto-Matching System, and comparison and analysis were performed using Offline-Review in the treatment planning system. Result: The difference between the root mean square (RMS) of SGPS and LBPS in prostate cancer patients was Vrt -0.02cm, Log -0.02cm, Lat 0.01cm, Pit -0.01°, Rol -0.01°, Rtn -0.01°, SRS patients was Vrt 0.02cm, Log -0.05cm, Lat 0.00cm, Pit -0.30°, Rol -0.15°, Rtn -0.33°. there was no significant difference between the two regions. According to the IGRT standard of breast cancer patients, RMS was Vrt 0.26, Log 0.21, Lat 0.15, Pit 0.81, Rol 0.49, Rtn 0.59. Conclusion:. As a result of this study, the position error value of SGPS compared to LBPS did not show a significant difference between prostate cancer patients and SRS patients. In the case of additionally performed SGPS breast cancer patients, the position error value was not large based on IGRT. Therefore, it is considered that it will be useful to replace LBPS with SGPS, which has the great advantage of not requiring patient skin marking..

RI사용 의료기관의 효율적인 배기관리 방안

이경재,이진형,김경훈,곽동우,조현덕,고길만,박영재,이인원,Lee, Kyung-Jae,Lee, Jin-Hyung,Kim, Kyung-Hoon,Kwack, Dong-Woo,Jo, Hyun-Duck,Ko, Kil-Man,Park, Young-Jae,Lee, In-Won 대한핵의학기술학회 2008 핵의학 기술 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: Radio-isotopes (RI) use has been steadily developing due to industrial and technical development in the modern medical society. Particularly, popularization of domestic cyclotrons dramatically enable hospitals to produce and use diagnostic radio-isotopes. Generally, only specific facilities such as hospitals, research institutes, nuclear power plants and universities can use radio-isotopes, they are also responsible for ventilation system. The strength of radioactivity in the air is strongly regulated and controlled by korea atomic energy law in Korea Institue of Nuclear Safety (KINS), so that air radioactivity exposure can lead to environmental pollution surrounding places. In this study, we'd like to find out the investigation and the present condition of the controlled ventilation system in domestic hospitals by an emission standard from KINS, and try to reach an agreement about how to use the ventilation system. Result: Definition of filters, features and structures of pre-filters, hepa-filters, charcol filters, filter exchange procedures and precautions are explained. RI deflation concentration and filter exchange cycle have been presented as a standard prescribed in the rules of KINS. The Radiation Control Management System (RCMS) introduced by Seoul National University Bundang Hospital linking to digital pressure gauge with computer controller in another medical facilities were described in details. Conclusions: The system of medical facilities using RI has been remarkably developing in 21 century. Especially, radiation safety control system has also been grown rapidly into the subdivision, specialization, advanced technology along with international technical improvement. However, As far as current RI ventilation system is concerned, it has nothing better than doing in the past. Preferentially, to reinforce this, more sophisticated system with strict periodic filter exchange and exhaust air control guidance should be introduced by applying brilliant domestic information technology for RCMS and digital gauge method. From personal point of view as a radiation safety manager, I have provide with present problems and improvements. Futhermore, more improved guidance should be conducted.

의료용 방사성폐기물 자체처분 가이드라인에 관한 고찰

이경재,설진형,이인원,박영재,Lee, Kyung-Jae,Sul, Jin-Hyung,Lee, In-Won,Park, Young-Jae 대한핵의학기술학회 2017 핵의학 기술 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose In the procedure of domestic medical radioactive self-disposal, there are many requests of supplementation and difficulties on the screening process. In this regard, presentation of basic guideline will improve the work processing efficiency of medical institution radioactive waste. From 2015 to 2016, We reviewed and compared a supplementary requests of domestic fifteen medical institution radioactive self-disposal Plan & Procedure manual. In connection with this, we derive the details of the radioactive waste document based on the relative regulation of nuclear safety Act. The representative supplementary requests of Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety are disposal method of non-flammability radioactive waste, storage method of scheduled self-disposal waste, the legitimacy of self-disposal and pre-treatment of self-disposal, reference radioactivity of disused filter and output of storage period, attachment the evidential matter of measurement efficiency when using a gamma counter. Through establishing a medical radioactive waste guideline, we can clearly suggest a classification standard of radioactive nuclide and the type of occurrence. As a result, we can confirm the reduction of examination processing period while preparing a self-disposal document and there is no spending expenses for business agency. Also, the storage efficiency of facility will better and reduce the economic expenses. On the basis of this guideline, we will expect a contribution to the improvement of work efficiency for officials who has a working-level difficulty of radioactive waste self-disposal.

방사성옥소 사용 시 배수 중 방사능농도 분석

이경재,설진형,박영재,이인원,Lee, Kyung-Jae,Sul, Jin-Hyung,Park, Young-Jae,Lee, In-Won 대한핵의학기술학회 2018 핵의학 기술 Vol.22 No.1

국내 의료기관의 방사성옥소(I-131) 사용과 관련하여 배수 중 방사능농도가 원자력안전법의 허용치를 초과한 사례가 발견되어, 원인 분석 및 배수 중 방사능농도 분석을 통해 주변 환경 공공수역에 대한 관계를 평가하여 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 2014년 11월 1일부터 2015년 4월 30일까지 6개월에 걸쳐 국내 20개 병원을 대상으로 하였다. 장비는 HpGe 감마선 분광 측정기(Canberra DSA1000)를 사용하였으며, 분석방법으로는 GENIE-2000 Analysis을 이용하여 방사성옥소의 배수 중 방사능농도를 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 7개 기관이 I-131 배수 중 배출관리 기준을 초과하였음을 확인하였으며, 20개 병원의 평균 배수 중 방사능 농도는 $4.21E+4 Bq/m^3$로 나타났다. 방사능농도가 높은 병원의 특징으로는 I-131을 이용한 다수의 외래환자 진료 건수, 외래전용 화장실의 부재로 확인되었다. I-131 whole body scan 전 반드시 소변을 보게 하는 과정에서 체내에 잔류한 I-131이 배출되는 것으로 판단된다. 공공수역 내 배수 중 방사능 농도가 초과 검출되는 원인으로는 진료용 방사성옥소라 판단되며, 저용량 투여환자 외래전용 화장실 설치와 안전관리 지침서 제공 및 교육 강화의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 배수 중 배출관리기준과 관련하여 법적, 제도적 관리 체계 구축이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

인공위성 고도계 자료(1993-2017년)를 이용하여 탐지‧추적‧분류한 동해 중규모 소용돌이의 통계적 특성

이경재,남성현,김영규,LEE, KYUNGJAE,NAM, SUNGHYUN,KIM, YOUNG-GYU 한국해양학회 2019 바다 Vol.24 No.2

Energetic mesoscale eddies in the East Sea (ES) associated with strong mesoscale variability impacting circulation and environments were statistically characterized by analyzing satellite altimeter data collected during 1993-2017 and in-situ data obtained from four cruises conducted between 2015 and 2017. A total of 1,008 mesoscale eddies were detected, tracked, and identified and then classified into 27 groups characterized by mean lifetime (L, day), amplitude (H, m), radius (R, km), intensity per unit area (EI, $cm^2/s^2/km^2$), ellipticity (e), eddy kinetic energy (EKE, TJ), available potential energy (APE, TJ), and direction of movement. The center, boundary, and amplitude of mesoscale eddies identified from satellite altimeter data were compared to those from the in-situ observational data for the four cases, yielding uncertainties in the center position of 2-10 km, boundary position of 10-20 km, and amplitude of 0.6-5.9 cm. The mean L, H, R, EI, e, EKE, and APE of the ES mesoscale eddies during the total period are $95{\pm}104$ days, $3.5{\pm}1.5cm$, $39{\pm}6km$, $0.023{\pm}0.017cm^2/s^2/km^2$, $0.72{\pm}0.07$, $23{\pm}21TJ$, and $588{\pm}250TJ$, respectively. The ES mesoscale eddies tend to move following the mean surface current rather than propagating westward. The southern groups (south of the subpolar front) have a longer L, larger H, R, and higher EKE, APE; and stronger EI than those of the northern groups and tend to move a longer distance following surface currents. There are exceptions to the average characteristics, such as the quasi-stationary groups (the Wonsan Warm, Wonsan Cold, Western Japan Basin Warm, and Northern Subpolar Frontal Cold Eddy groups) and short-lived groups with a relatively larger H, higher EKE, and APE and stronger EI (the Yamato Coastal Warm, Central Yamato Warm, and Eastern Japan Basin Coastal Warm eddy groups). Small eddies in the northern ES hardly resolved using the satellite altimetry data only, were not identified here and discussed with potential over-estimations of the mean L, H, R, EI, EKE, and APE. This study suggests that the ES mesoscale eddies 1) include newly identified groups such as the Hokkaido and the Yamato Rise Warm Eddies in addition to relatively well-known groups (e.g., the Ulleung Warm and the Dok Cold Eddies); 2) have a shorter L; smaller H, R, and lower EKE; and stronger EI and higher APE than those of the global ocean, and move following surface currents rather than propagating westward; and 3) show large spatial inhomogeneity among groups.

일차성 및 이차성 신증후군에서 Mendoza Protocol에 의한 Intravenous Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy의 효과

이경재,한재혁,이영목,김지홍,김병길,Lee Kyoung-Jae,Han Jae-Hyuk,Lee Young-Mock,Kim Ji-Hong,Kim Pyung-Kil 대한소아신장학회 2001 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.5 No.2

Purpose : Since Mendoza(1990)'s report that long term methylprednisolone pulse therapy by Mendoza protocol (MP therapy) is a good treatment option in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS), there have been reports of the effects of this therapy in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. However, no studies have been performed on the effects of MP therapy in steroid- dependent nephrotic syndrome and secondary nephrotic syndrome. In this study, we investigated the effects of long term MP therapy in primary and secondary nephrotic syndrome in which previous treatment options were not effective. Methods : We chose 10 children who were diagnosed with steroid-dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome(SD-MCNS), who had shown frequent relapse during the immunocompromised or cytotoxic therapy Period, and 6 children with FSGS and 5 children with secondary nephrotic syndrome children, who had shown no response during the previous therapy period. We treated these patients according to Mendoza protocol involving infusions of high doses of methylprednisolone, often in combination with oral cyclophosphamide for 82 weeks. Results : In all the 10 children with SD-MCNS, complete remission was visible on average of $18{\pm}9$ days after MP therapy was started. However, all these children relapsed during or after MP therapy. In these children, the mean relapse rate prior to MP therapy was $2.1{\pm}1.0$ relpases/year, which was reduced to $1.4{\pm}0.9$ relapses/year during MP therapy(P>0.05) and rose to $2.7{\pm}1.0$ relapse/year after MP therapy. Of the 6 children with FSGS, 4 children($67\%$) showed complete remission, of whom 3 children($50\%$) remained in the remission status during the follow up period, $1.2{\pm}0.7$ years, after the end of MP therapy. 2 children($33\%$) showed no response. All of the 5 children with secondary nephrotic syndrome showed remission and remained in the remissiom status during the follow up period, $1.7{\pm}0.6$ years The only side effect of MP therapy was transient hypertension in 10 children of ail subjects during the intravenous infusion of methylprednisolone. Conclusion : We conclude that although long term MP therapy is not effective in the treatment of SD-MCNS, it is an effective therapy against intractable FSGS and secondary nephrotic syndrome. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ; 5 : 117-24)

도시 공원녹지의 총량 산정을 위한 지표 비교 및 적용 - 서울시 구로구를 사례로 -

이경재,최진우,한봉호,Lee, Kyong-Jae,Choi, Jin-Woo,Han, Bong-Ho 한국조경학회 2008 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

The purpose of this study was to compare and apply quantitative indices for analyzing the total green space in an urban area, targeting Guro-Gu, Seoul. The indices were classified in terms of plane, solid and urban planning. The park area per person as an index of the park green's total volume was $2.34m^2$. This clearly shows the deficiency of park area. However, it did not reflect actual green space, since undesignated forests, rivers and green spaces in the city were excluded. Green coverage area per person in terms of plane was $18.85m^2$ and was useful as an index of actual urban planting, focusing on expansion of the green space. However, the conception of total volume of park green had limitation to be recognized as a unit of area. The number of trees and green area volume per person in terms of solid was 4.1 trees and $35.8m^2$, respectively. This enabled reflection on qualitative improvement plans such as increasing the volume of trees for the high density of developed areas.