The acoustic cue-weighting and the L2 production-perception link: A case of English-speaking adults’ learning of Korean stops

공은정,강소영,서미선 한국음성학회 2022 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.14 No.3

The current study examined English-speaking adult learners’ production and perception of L2 Korean stops (/t/ or /t’/ or /th /) to investigate whether the two modalities are linked in utilizing voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) for the L2 sound distinction and how the learners’ L2 proficiency mediates the relationship. Twenty-two English-speaking learners of Korean living in Seoul participated in the word-reading task of producing stop-initial words and the identification task of labelling CV stimuli synthesized to vary VOT and F0. Using logistic mixed-effects regression models, we quantified group- and individual-level weights of the VOT and F0 cues in differentiating the tense-lax, lax-aspirated, and tense-aspirated stops in Korean. The results showed that the learners as a group relied on VOT more than F0 both in production and perception (except the tense-lax pair), reflecting the dominant role of VOT in their L1 stop distinction. Individual-level analyses further revealed that the learners’ L2 proficiency was related to their use of F0 in L2 production and their use of VOT in L2 perception. With this effect of L2 proficiency controlled in the partial correlation tests, we found a significant correlation between production and perception in using VOT and F0 for the lax-aspirated stop contrast. However, the same correlation was absent for the other stop pairs. We discuss a contrast-specific role of acoustic cues to address the non-uniform patterns of the production-perception link in the L2 sound learning context.

Individual variability in processing English source input into Korean stops

공은정,강소영 한국음운론학회 2017 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.23 No.2

The current study investigates whether and how Korean listeners are influenced by English source input in identifying three laryngeal categories of Korean stops (/t’/, /t/, and /th/). We relate identification patterns of Korean and English source input to individuals’ utilizations of two acoustic cues (VOT and f0) under the English source condition. Korean adult listeners (N=53) participated in three-way forced-choice identification tasks where the auditory stimuli of VOT×f0 combinations synthesized from Korean and English speakers’ productions were presented in two separate sessions. Both group-averaged and individual-level analyses showed varying degrees of source effects on listeners’ identifications of the Korean stops, revealing that the response category distributions are meaningfully related to individual listeners’ modifications of cue-weighting strategies confronted by the English-source signals. Our results suggest that non-native source input modifies individual strategies in dealing with sub-phonemic acoustic cues, ultimately yielding different category identification patterns from native input identifications.

조기 위암의 내시경 치료 후 불완전 절제 시의 대책

공은정,방창석 대한의사협회 2022 대한의사협회지 Vol.65 No.5

Background: Endoscopic resection is indicated for early or superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms with a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis. This procedure could preserve the organ while allowing en bloc resection of tumors, irrespective of the size and location of the lesion. Histological evaluation of the resected specimen determines whether curative resection, which implies a favorable long-term outcome, was achieved. If the resected specimen reveals non-curative, additional treatment is necessary as it is strongly associated with recurrence. Current Concepts: Surgical resection is recommended after non-curative resection of gastrointestinal neoplasms. However, rather than surgical resection, additional endoscopic treatment can be recommended if non-curative resection is solely because of the positive involvement at the horizontal resection margin without any other findings compatible with the non-curative resection criteria. Discussion and Conclusion: Adopting precise indications of endoscopic resection is important to reduce the risk of non-curative resection. If curative resection is not achieved after endoscopic resection, additional treatment should be considered to prevent local recurrence as well as lymph node metastasis.

Characteristics of Missed Simultaneous Gastric Lesions Based on Double-Check Analysis of the Endoscopic Image

공은정,이정훈,정경원,Charles J. Cho,나희경,안지용,정기욱,김도훈,최기돈,송호준,이진혁,정훈용,김진호 대한소화기내시경학회 2017 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.50 No.3

Background/Aims: The detection of multifocal lesions is important for the successful management of gastric neoplasms. We investigated the characteristics of missed simultaneous lesions and the reason for the missed diagnoses. Methods: A total of 140 patients who underwent repeat endoscopy before endoscopic resection between June 2013 and June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. We classified simultaneous lesions into three groups based on a review of earlier images: group 1, no images of the location of simultaneous lesions were taken; group 2, no corresponding lesion was evident in the previous images; and group 3, simultaneous lesions were visible in the earlier images but a biopsy was not performed. Results: Simultaneous lesions were found in 12 patients (8.6%) with 13 lesions, comprising 10 dysplasia (76.9%) and three adenocarcinoma (23.1%). Regarding the reasons for missed diagnoses, seven lesions (53.8%) were classified as group 3, five (38.5%) as group 1, and the remaining lesion (7.7%) as group 2. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the patients with and without simultaneous lesions. Conclusions: Lesions disregarded or unnoticed during endoscopic examination were the main reason for missed diagnosis of simultaneous lesions. Endoscopists should consider the possibility of simultaneous lesions and attempt to meticulously evaluate the entire gastric mucosa.

한국인 Helicobacter pylori 균주의 항생제 내성률 변화

공은정,안지용 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2018 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.18 No.2

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. A combination therapy with proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin is recommended as the first-line treatment regimen in Korea. However, the eradication rate with a standard triple therapy has been unsatisfactory in the last decade, and one of the main reasons for treatment failure is the increasing prevalence of strains resistant to antimicrobials. Therefore, comprehensive and detailed information on antimicrobial resistance is mandatory to optimize the strategy of eradication treatment. The antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori is reported to vary according to study population, geographical region, and test methods. In this review, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori isolates in Korea is summarized on the basis of recent studies. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2018;18:82-88)

Small bowel endoscopic bariatric therapies

공은정,Do Hoon Kim 대한소화기내시경학회 2018 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.51 No.5

Endoscopic bariatric therapies that emulate some of the principles of bariatric surgery have been developed as a less invasiveoption for the treatment of obesity and related comorbidities. Small bowel endoscopic bariatric therapies include bypasssleeves, incisionless anastomosis systems, and duodenal mucosal resurfacing. Clinical experience with small bowel devicessuggests that endoscopic bariatric procedures can be safely implemented and that these devices are effective for both weightloss and metabolic improvement. Although the mechanisms behind these effects should be further elucidated, endoscopicbariatric therapies may be more effective and safer adjunctive interventions than lifestyle modifications and pharmacologicalregimens for patients with obesity or obesity-related comorbidities.

Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Demonstrated by Integrated Cardiac F-18 FDG PET/MR

공은정,이상희,조인호 대한핵의학회 2013 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.47 No.3

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common condition defined as a diffuse or segmental left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy with a nondilated and hyperdynamic chamber as well as cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac MR (CMR)imaging is a key modality for evaluation of HCM. In addition to the assessment of LV wall thickness, LV function and aortic flow, CMR is capable of estimation of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in affected myocardium which has been shown to have a direct correlation with incidence and severity of arrhythmias in HCM. In patients with HCM, LGE on CMR is presumed to represent intramyocardial fibrosis.Meanwhile,F-18 FDG myocardial PET has been sporadically studied in HCM, mostly for evaluation of the metabolic status of a hypertrophic myocardial segment, especially after interventions or to demonstrate partial myocardial fibrosis. We presented here the case of a 25-year-old male patient referred for simultaneous F-18 FDG cardiac PET/MR for the evaluation of septal hypertrophy. The PET/MR revealed myocardial fibrosis in the septum associated with FDG-defect and LGE.

Rapid progression from trochlear nerve palsy to orbital apex syndrome as an initial presentation of advanced gastric cancer

공은정,고성애,김원제 영남대학교 의과대학 2019 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.36 No.2

The most cases with orbital metastases have been reported in patients with a prior established diagnosis of cancer and widespread systemic involvement. However, ocular symptoms can be developed as an initial presentation of cancer in patients without cancer history. We report a case of rapid progression from trochlear nerve palsy to orbital apex syndrome as an initial presentation of advanced gastric cancer.

Meta-Analysis of First-Line Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Korea: Is It Time to Change?

공은정,윤성철,정훈용,임현,최기숙,안지용,이정훈,김도훈,최기돈,송호준,이진혁,김진호 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.29 No.5

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy consisting of PPI, amoxicillin, andclarithromycin, is the recommended first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. However, the eradication rate of triple therapy has declined over the past few decades. Weanalyzed the eradication rate and adverse events of triple therapy to evaluate currentpractices in Korea. A comprehensive literature search was performed up to August 2013 of104 relevant studies comprising 42,124 patients. The overall eradication rate was 74.6%(95% confidence interval [CI], 72.1%-77.2%) by intention-to-treat analysis and 82.0%(95% CI, 80.8%-83.2%) by per-protocol analysis. The eradication rate decreasedsignificantly from 1998 to 2013 (P < 0.001 for both intention-to-treat and per-protocolanalyses). Adverse events were reported in 41 studies with 8,018 subjects with an overallincidence rate of 20.4% (95% CI, 19.6%-21.3%). The available data suggest that theeffectiveness of standard triple therapy for H. pylori eradication has decreased to anunacceptable level. A novel therapeutic strategy is warranted to improve the effectivenessof first-line treatment for H. pylori infection in Korea.

강원 영동지역의 헬리코박터 파일로리 일차 제균 치료 성적

공은정,방창석,서명숙,서현일,박종규,이상진,한군희,정우진,김영돈,천갑진 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2022 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.22 No.2

Background/Aims: The eradication success rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with a first-line standard triple therapy (STT) has been decreasing in Korea. However, treatment outcomes of H. pylori infection in Yeongdong, Gangwon Province have been scarcely reported. This study aimed to investigate the treatment outcomes of H. pylori infection in a single tertiary care hospital with regional characteristics. Materials and Methods: From July 2018 to June 2019, a total of 592 patients who underwent STT consisting of a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for 7 to 14 days as a first-line H. pylori eradication therapy were included. Demographic data and treatment outcomes were retrospectively reviewed using medical records. Results: The median age of 592 patients was 58 years (range 23 to 86) and 329 patients (55.6%) were men. The indication for eradication therapy included chronic atrophic gastritis (57.9%), peptic ulcer disease (19.6%), and gastric neoplasm after endoscopic resection (5.9%). Most patients (92.2%) received a 7-day course of STT. Eradication rate of STT was 64.0% (379/592). Rescue therapy was performed in 146 patients, and the final eradication rate reached 85.6% (507/592). Conclusions: Eradication rate of STT in Yeongdong area of Gangwon Province was unsatisfactory, warranting the consideration of a first-line eradication regimen other than STT.